中国与马来西亚的经贸关系：竞争性与互补性分析

自1974年中国和马来西亚建交以来,两国的经贸关系呈阶段性持续发展,尤其上世纪90年代后,两国经贸关系发展迅速,贸易紧密度不断加强。目前,马来西亚已经取代新加坡成为中国在东盟的最大贸易伙伴国,中国成为马来西亚的第一大进口来源地和第二大出口市场。无论是中国对马来西亚而言,或是马来西亚对中国而言,其重要性都不断提高。双方政府都致力于进一步加强相互之间的贸易、投资和经济合作等经贸关系,尤其随着2010年中国-东盟自贸区的建成,双方的经贸关系将更上一层楼。同时,双方也应正视中马经贸发展过程中仍存在的问题和可能面临的挑战。本文将就中马经贸关系的发展状况、竞争性和互补性、以及中马经贸关系中存在的问题和挑战进行分析。     

分析汉越词异同与语言教学

中越两国山水相连，经过长期往来和经济、文化交流，大量的汉语词汇传到越南，被越南人吸收、融化、形成汉越词汇库，与越南民族文化联系密切。越南语在历史发展的过程中接受各国外语词汇，特别是汉语的一部分词汇已经被越化。大约60％的越语外来词汇有汉语的根源，其中25％的汉语词汇已经完全越化。在越南语中存在着大量的汉越词，汉越词汇变化发展涉及面相当广泛，     

俄罗斯科技走势与中俄科技合作

转型时期俄罗斯科技形势发生了重大变化。科研体制从封闭式、大而全向开放式、高效率发展 ,科技立法逐步趋于完善 ,开发研究和应用研究初露倪端 ,加强了技术贸易 ,科研队伍也逐步稳定。纵观中俄两国在经济增长、结构调整方向上的异同 ,可以看到 ,两国除资源结构互补性、一般商品贸易互补性之外 ,科学技术结构也具有很强的互补性 ,进一步开拓这一方面的潜力 ,是摆在两国政府和工商界面前的极为重要的任务。     

Protracted refugee situations and state and regional insecurity

This article examines the long‐stating importance of refugee issues in international politics and underlines the changing emphasis given to these issues by policy makers and academic researchers, both in the immediate post‐Cold War and post‐9/11 periods. The authors then address the manner in which the relationship between forced migration and state security has been addressed in the past decade. The article highlights how this area of research continues to over‐emphasize the migration‐related security of Western states and the presence of armed elements in refugee movements in the Third World. In contrast, the literature largely neglects the security concerns of states hosting protracted refugee populations. Ironically, chronic refugee situations in regions of refugee origin constitute the overwhelming majority of the world's refugee population.     

Turkish Nationhood: Civic and Ancestral and Cultural

This article challenges two established views in the literature on Turkish nationalism. First, that Turkish nationhood in the early republican era was civic and ethnic and, second, that, while Turkish nationhood was inclusive and egalitarian in constitutional texts, in the early years of the Turkish Republic and in the case of Turkish citizens of Muslim origin, it became exclusive or discriminatory in citizenship practices once the Republic was consolidated and in the case of non-Muslim Turkish citizens. Contra these two established views, I first argue that Turkish nationhood was not civic and ethnic, but it was actually civic and ancestral and cultural. Secondly, relying on an examination of legal texts produced and citizenship practices pursued in the years between 1918 and 1924, I argue that the Turkish nationhood was exclusive and discriminatory both theoretically and practically, on paper as well as in practice, both at the time of the foundation of the republic and once the regime had become consolidated.     

“龙熊”共舞与经济转型——论影响中俄和平发展和互惠合作中的经济转型不彻底性

中俄的转型和发展需要中俄在世界经济舞台上实现”龙熊”共舞。深化经贸合作是两国实现崛起过程中的双赢选择。一个迅速工业化的中国需要稳定可靠的俄罗斯市场,一个日益强大的俄罗斯同样也需要参与中国这个世界上最庞大的潜在市场。在中俄两国几乎具备所有条件的情况下,经贸合作进展不尽人意的根本原因在于经济转型不彻底。然而,为实现共舞,当前两国应利用良好的政治关系,扩大深化经贸合作,完善经济转型。推动经济转型,完善市场建设,这不仅能消除影响双方经贸合作的基础性障碍,也是两国成功实现共同发展的必要步骤。     

越南对国有资本管理体制的实践与创新——以越南国有资本投资与经营总公司为中心

作为一支主权财富基金,2005年组建的越南国有资本投资与经营总公司代表了在政府授权下,以完全市场化原则投资与营运国有资本的新模式,是国有资本管理体制的重大创新。目前阶段,越投总公司是越南加快国企股份制改造和推进国有资本向战略性产业集聚的重要推手,以此优化国有资本布局结构并实现国有资本管理从混合模式向集中模式的过渡。长远来看,越投总公司能否成为像新加坡淡马锡那样备受信赖的机构投资者则还有待时间的检验。     

Gender and the environment: Traps and opportunities

A growing debate about gender and the environment highlights women's roles in the use and management of natural resources, opening up important opportunities for development analysis and action. But there are traps in conceiving of women's roles in relation to the environment in a partial, narrow, or static way; of isolating them from men's roles; and of assuming a close link between women and ‘nature?s. An alternative approach examines dynamic gender-differentiated activities, rights, and responsibilities in the processes of natural resource management. A case study from the Gola forest, Sierra Leone shows how this approach can help to ensure sustainability and equity in the design of projects concerned with the environment.     

The climate and energy security implications of coal demand and supply in Asia and Europe

The importance of the coal sector is often overlooked by the media when reviewing global energy. This is despite both its importance in many emerging economies and its impact on climate change. The current status and projections for coal use in Asia and Europe vary considerably. In Asia, growth in demand and availability of coal is resulting in its accelerated use. However, despite investment, production cannot keep up with demand, and coal trade in Asia is increasingly affecting international markets. In Europe, the environmental impacts of coal use, particularly CO₂ but also particulates, are accelerating the closure of many power stations and delaying new build. Consequently, in most countries its contribution is set to decrease. However, some countries are planning new, large coal stations and are increasing operation prior to closure of some existing stations. The continued use of fossil fuels, especially coal, is resulting in emission levels that in the short term will exceed the internationally agreed climate protection objectives. Therefore, Europe and Asia need to accelerate their co-operation in developing carbon capture and storage and other new technologies and policies in order to minimise the emissions to the greatest extent possible.     

Terrorism and Democracy: Perpetrators and Victims

Most observers believe that the 'democratic rules of the game' provide a peaceful means for resolving political conflicts. This may be true but not all groups or even single individuals in democratic societies need play by these rules. This analysis uses two data sets: one that classifies most countries of the world based on how they were ruled in the mid-1980s, and the other on the frequency with which their nationals either perpetrated or were victimized by terrorists attacks, to investigate the relationship between terrorism and democracy. The findings suggest that stable democracy and terrorism go together. An analysis of the data reveal that terrorist attacks occur most often in the world's most stable democracies, and that, further, both the perpetrators and victims of those attacks are citizens of the same democracies.     

Cities and sustainability: Southeast Asian and European perspectives

While cities are considered to be inherently unsustainable, these urban human settlements will be where a majority of the population will be living in the next two to three decades. Among the ten largest cities in the world in terms of population sizes, three are in Southeast Asia alone and more than one in two people will be living in cities in 2025. These primate cities—Metro-Manila in the Philippines, Jakarta in Indonesia and Bangkok in Thailand—are seeing not only rapid rates of in-migration but also rapid expansion and urban sprawl. Such rapid rates of change pose growing challenges to Southeast Asian cities including smaller capital cities like Kuala Lumpur, Ho Chi Minh City and Singapore. The strongest challenge concern infrastructural provision and particularly that provided for urban transport and mobility. Urban traffic congestion is an issue that is common to most Southeast Asian cities including Singapore which has introduced relatively draconian policy measures to both contain the level of car ownership and the use of the car. A comparison with several European cities highlight where Southeast Asian cities can review their own urban transport policies. This paper focuses on the lessons that can be learnt from a comparative study of the infrastructural provision and public policies that are in place in Southeast Asian and European cities.     

韩国反倾销政策法规及其实践

韩国是世界上较早制定反倾销法的发展中国家,也是全球实施反倾销最为积极的国家之一,中国则成为韩国反倾销的首要目标国。韩国反倾销政策法规不仅是其对外实施反倾销的法律依据,也是其保护国内产业和市场最常用的贸易救济手段。韩国反倾销政策法规主要体现在韩国反倾销管理体制、实施反倾销的前提条件以及实施反倾销的具体措施等三个方面。韩国反倾销政策法规在实践中所具有的一些不同于其他国家或地区的特点,为中国应对未来韩国对华反倾销提供了有益启示。     

CAFTA下中国与泰国经济贸易发展及展望

中国—东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)如期建成是中国与东盟各国贸易关系具有重要意义的里程碑,对中国发展与东盟国家之间的国际贸易以及实施货物进出口零关税等关税优惠措施有着巨大的影响和推动作用,但在推行关税优惠过程中还存在诸多问题。本文在CAFTA背景下,探讨中国与东盟国家之一的泰国之间开展国际贸易以及实施零关税等关税优惠措施进程中产生的问题,并提出解决问题的方案,同时提出发展中国与泰国之间贸易,实施关税优惠措施的建议。     

绑架问题与日朝关系

最近几年,由于日本和朝鲜在绑架日本人问题上严重对立,使得原本紧张的两国关系更是雪上加霜。日朝两国在绑架问题上坚持各自立场,最根本的分歧在于双方在政治、安全和战略利益方面的巨大差异。日本方面热炒绑架问题,可谓是一石两鸟。日本以防范"来自朝鲜的威胁"为由,不断强化日美同盟和增加军事实力,使军事能力在国家发展战略中的位置和作用不断提升。同时,绑架问题还是日方手中最为重要的筹码,在日朝关系正常化谈判中可以与朝方抗衡,甚至可以对冲朝方提出的"清算殖民统治的历史,进行赔偿"的要求,争取谈判主导权。     

近期朝鲜经济发展变化及中韩的作用

朝鲜自2002年7月开始实行经济管理调整措施以来已经历了五个年头,此间在经济发展政策上虽然做过一些调整,但总体政策上却没有发生明显的变化。经济上出现了恢复性的好转,可是,短期内还很难从根本上改变经济困难局面。中韩两国均是朝鲜的近邻,目前都与朝鲜建立了较为密切的经济往来关系,为缓解朝鲜的经济困难给予了较多的支援,对朝鲜经济的恢复和发展发挥了积极的作用,而且今后的作用会愈来愈明显。     

Elections and landmark policies in Tanzania and Uganda

Much of the relevant literature on Africa downplays the salience of elections for policy-making and implementation. Instead, the importance of factors such as clientelism, ethnicity, organized interest groups, and donor influence, is emphasized. We argue that, in addition, elections now motivate political elites to focus on policies they perceive to be able to gain votes. This is based on analyses of six landmark decisions made during the last 15 years in the social, productive, and public finance sectors in Tanzania and Uganda. Such policies share a number of key characteristics: they are clearly identifiable with the party in power; citizens are targeted countrywide; and policy implementation aims at immediate, visible results.     

Sociology and international relations: legacies and prospects

While sociological concepts have often been implicitly used in International Relations (IR), recent years have seen a more explicit engagement between IR and Sociology. As with any such interdisciplinary assignation, there are both possibilities and challenges contained within this move: possibilities in terms of reducing IR's intellectual autism and opening the discipline towards potentially fertile terrain that was never, actually, that distant; challenges in that interdisciplinary raiding parties can often serve as pseudonyms for cannibalism, shallowness and dilettantism. This forum reviews the sociological turn in IR and interrogates it from a novel vantage point—how sociologists themselves approach IR concepts, debates and issues. Three sociological approaches—classical social theory, historical sociology and Foucauldian analysis—are critically deployed to illuminate IR concerns. In this way, the forum offers the possibility of (re)establishing exchanges between the two disciplines premised on a firmer grasp of social theory itself. The result is a potentially more fruitful sociological turn, one with significant benefits for IR as a whole.     

中国与东盟纺织服装贸易发展现状及对策

中国与东盟双边纺织服装贸易规模不大,但连年增长,增速较快,中国保持顺差。产品结构以纺织品和中间产品为主,市场较集中,中国对东盟纺织服装出口主要集中在印度尼西亚、越南、泰国、新加坡等国市场,市场占有率逐年提高;进口主要集中在印度尼西亚、马来西亚、泰国和越南等国家市场,所占份额不大,但逐年上升。中国和东盟纺织服装贸易前景良好,市场容量扩大,但也面临竞争性考验,需要分工合作。     

合作共赢的中美经贸关系

30年来,中美经贸与中国改革开放相伴而行,与中国经济同步强劲发展,从很低的起点成长为全球最大的双边经贸关系之一.展望未来,尽管两国经贸关系存在着不利与制约因素,但加强与深化合作攸关两国发展全局,在双方的共同努力下,中美经贸关系将得到新的提升.     

海权争霸与俄苏的兴衰及其历史反思

从海权的角度分析俄苏的兴衰是一个尚未有人进行充分探讨的问题。在数百年的争夺中 ,海权的扩张固然构成了俄苏崛起的一个因素 ,但从长远的角度看 ,对海权的过度追求又构成了俄苏走向衰落的根源之一。具体说来 ,从俄苏海权扩张西进、南下和东进 3条线路中 ,西进战略较为成功 ,并促进了俄苏的崛起 ;南下和东进战略虽有所收获 ,但都遭遇挫折 ,尤其是南下的世界扩张战略直接导致了苏联的衰落。从本质上来说 ,地缘政治条件的制约、俄苏海权过渡扩张所导致的一系列矛盾构成了俄苏海权战略失败并导致国力衰微的根源之一。