Gorbachev's Economic Strategy: A Comment

Specialists from three countries report the results of survey research conducted during March-April 2000 in Dagestan. Questions addressed include identification with Russia and with Dagestan, confidence in local, regional, and federal institutions, perceptions of changes in the economy, politics, and cultural life, and perceived threats from external sources. Analysis also specifies attitudinal differences among ethnic groups and among other demographic categories within Dagestan.     

Gorbachev's Economic Reform: A Soviet Economy Roundtable

The proceedings of a panel of American specialists devoted to the recent economic reform are summarized. The panelists noted that the most substantial changes to date have accompanied efforts to restructure the decisionmaking hierarchy—in particular, a recentralization of authority through the creation of biuros and state committees and legislation on individual economic activity. Changes in the systems of economic planning and incentives, on the other hand, have been minor, suggesting a continuing debate over the extent to which price reform and various economic incentives should be implemented. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 113, 124.     

Gorbachev's Economic Advisors

Based substantially on extensive interviews in Moscow from 1984 to date and current literature as well, the paper traces the recent activities and environment of Secretary Gorbachev's intimate advisors on Soviet economy. Academicians Abel Aganbegyan, Oleg Bogomolov, Tat'yana Zaslavskaya, and Corresponding Member Leonid Abalkin, are singled out as leading members of an informal “economic brain trust.” The roles played by selected institutes of the Academy of Sciences and by its other reform-oriented members (e.g., Nikolay Petrakov and Stanislav Shatalin) are presented in light of Gorbachev's disenchantment with policies advocated by Gosplan or other orthodox state and party organizations. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 027, 054, 124.     

Anatomy of Gorbachev's Economic Reform

The paper outlines and assesses the initial and potential effectiveness of a package of radical economic reforms, adopted by the CPSU Central Committee and Supreme Soviet in late June 1987. The areas involved include the central planning system, the enterprise, territorial versus sectoral management of the economy, the supply system, prices and wages, finance and credit, foreign trade, private and cooperative activity, and agriculture. Problems which may compromise the success of reform efforts, particularly inconsistencies between reform goals and long-established policies, are outlined as well. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 027, 054, 124.     

Gorbachev's Leadership: A Soviet View

A prominent Soviet political scientist, who has specialized in comparative politics and theories of transition, argues that Gorbachev's strategy of transition was misguided from its conception, which explains his current travails. Yet the author also argues that Gorbachev's leadership has not outlived its usefulness, for he still has an important role to play in preventing the transition from turning violent, and in facilitating the marketization and democratization processes. The essay reflects developments through the first three weeks of November 1990. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers, 124, 822.     

The Union Republics and Contradictions in Gorbachev's Economic Reform

An American sovietologist assesses the economic pressures on the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the outset of the Gorbachev era through early December of 1991. Following an overview of the center-periphery relations within the command-administrative system in the early 1980s, the author evaluates the impact of perestroyka on republic economies prior to the political transformation of the governments in the 1990s. The implications for territorial integration in the wake of the coup in August 1991 and the subsequent efforts to structure a new economic union between the republics are presented and analyzed in the concluding section. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P20, P24.     

Gorbachev's Leadership: Another View

A leading British political scientist argues that Gorbachev's responsiveness to different opinions and institutional interests has been a necessary part of the Soviet transition. He stresses the importance of Gorbachev's combination of tactical flexibility and movement in a basically liberal direction. One step back has often been followed by two steps forward. The author maintains that Gorbachev's political acumen and international prestige remain significant assets, suggesting that it would be an illusion to imagine that the task of transforming the Soviet system would proceed more smoothly without him. The essay covers developments through the first week of December 1990. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 124, 822.     

作为大战略组成部分之一的对外经济战略--《美国对外经济战略》述评

对于作为一个理论思想领域的国家大战略的把握、理解和创造性联想 ,除了有赖于研读经典的大战略理论和历史著作 ,并且对历史上和现今的典型大战略事态进行超越就事论事层次的相关探究和思考外 ,一条可取的重要途径在于像保罗·肯尼迪呼吁的那样 ,从其各不同组成部分或层面来分析、理解国家大战略。①在长达 7年严谨扎实的研究之后 ,中国现代国际关系研究所张敏谦研究员基于大量资料文献 ,写成《美国对外经济战略》 ,由世界知识出版社在2 0 0 1年出版。概括起来 ,这部著作具有三方面基本特征 :(1)较为全面和系统地展示了第二次世界大战后美国…     

朝鲜建设主体社会主义强盛大国的经济发展战略

本文着重描述了朝鲜建设主体社会主义强盛大国经济发展战略的若干主要方面,为读者更好地认识朝鲜国民经济发展的总体布局提供了一个宏观视角.     

里斯本战略评述——从经济增长角度分析欧盟经济

2000年欧盟制定了十年发展规划——里斯本战略,旨在通过发展知识经济使欧盟在2010年成为世界上最具竞争力的经济体。本文首先分析了里斯本战略的执行和改革情况,进而从理论角度讨论各种生产要素对经济增长的影响,最后对欧元区国家的经济增长进行实证分析,比较分析了1992-2008年各生产要素对欧元区国家经济增长的贡献情况。本文得出结论认为,里斯本战略试图通过发展知识经济提高经济增长率的这一初衷得到了部分体现,但是技术进步对经济增长的贡献率仍然十分有限。     

韩国中长期经济发展战略评析

在近年来经济发展停滞不前的困境下,韩国制定了五到十年的中长期经济发展战略,旨在重振韩国经济活力,为2010年到2025年的长期经济发展打下基础.本文介绍了韩国这一战略的出台背景及主要内容,并对影响战略实现的因素做了进一步分析,同时指出韩国实施中长期发展战略的措施选择.主要观点是,韩国中长期经济发展战略的实现将依赖于其经济增长模式、韩国企业与产业发展方式的转变以及东北亚中心地位是否形成等多种因素的共同作用.未来五到十年将是韩国经济重新恢复活力的关键阶段.     

泰国的区域经济合作战略评析

冷战结束后,中南半岛的国际政治和经济形势发生了巨大变化.作为中南半岛的核心国家,泰国认为必须在新形势下强化其与邻国间的经济联系,以调和国内的区域发展.通过偏远地区工业区和边境经济特区的设置,再结合众多的区域经济合作计划的推动,泰国正逐步发挥其在地缘战略上的重要中介角色.     

欧盟对外行动署的制度建设及运行评估

欧盟对外行动署是《里斯本条约》生效后欧盟建立的一个全新专职外交机构。里约对高级代表的职责与地位所做出的相关规定,明示或默示地确立了对外行动署组建的一些基本原则。对外行动署由中央总部和驻外使团组成的架构,在一定程度上与主权国家的专职外交部门类似。本文分析了对外行动署与欧盟各有关机构和成员国的相互关系。结合对外行动署组建近两年来的外交实践,本文认为,对外行动署的建立一定程度上加强了欧盟外交的延续性、一致性和有效性,但由于这一制度变革并不是革命性的,其成效的发挥有待观察。对外行动署的组建对中欧关系的发展起到了一定的积极作用,但也需关注多方面的制约因素。     

后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济转型评估

俄罗斯20年的经济转型使该国经济实现了明显的增长.但在金融危机中暴露出的问题,也显示俄罗斯经济存在着内在的结构性问题.这些内在结构性问题将长期影响俄罗斯的经济可持续增长与财政预算的安全,后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济最大的挑战就是结构改革.     

全球化时代的海外政治经济风险评估

目前,政治经济风险已成为海外投资和国家经济安全领域中的一个重要因素。由于全球化进程的不断深入和拓展,当一国遭遇政治经济风险时,往往产生连锁反应,给其他国家的国家利益带来风险。因此,对海外政治经济风险的评估和预测显得非常重要。国外的一些专门从事风险评估的机构,在这方面有较透彻的、持续的研究成果。本文着重介绍和分析国外一些著名的风险评估公司及其研究评估体系,并在此基础上提出对我国加强海外风险评估的若干看法。     

Reflections on Economic Sovietology: A Comment

A specialist on Russian politics and society examines the apparent success of economic and political liberalism in Novgorod oblast' in the 1990s. The article is based on published and unpublished documentary sources from the region, as well as in-depth, repeated interviews with local officials during 1997-1999. Focus is on progress in economic reform, finance, and foreign investment, forms of political decentralization and representation, the growth civic associations, and styles of political leadership. Several explanations for these outcomes are proposed and discussed.