共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper provides a preliminary overview of research on organized crime in Asia drawing on selected papers from a symposium
held at the National University of Singapore in June 2007. We draw on these contributions to emphasize the enterprise nature
of organized crime and the common problems encountered by law enforcement in controlling and preventing the many harms inflicted
by serious criminal activity. Recent attempts to address the changing character and forms of transnational organized crime,
especially through the strengthening of mutual legal assistance by regional bodies such as ASEAN, are noted. These measures
have yet to develop into the cross-border institutional frameworks now found in Europe, and the level of effective co-operation
can only continue to improve. Countering organized crime in Asia also faces additional difficulties arising from the cultural
diversity, relative weakness of law enforcement in some states and the lack of common strategies in respect to illicit markets.
相似文献
Roderic BroadhurstEmail: |
2.
Jan Van Dijk 《Trends in Organized Crime》2007,10(4):39-56
This study develops a causal model of the independent effect of organized crime, rule of law, and corruption on national wealth.
To measure the level of organized crime a Composite Organized Crime Index (COCI) is constructed combining data on the perceived
prevalence of organized crime, unsolved homicides, grand corruption, money-laundering and the extent of the black economy,
drawing on the World Economic Forum’s annual surveys among CEOs of larger companies, the Merchant International Group’s assessments
of investment risks in 150 countries, studies by the World Bank Institute, and official crime statistics. The findings of
the explorative analysis show that a political strategy of tolerating activities of local criminal groups in the hope of beneficial
effects on the wealth of a nation is unlikely to bring the expected results. Although some types of organized crime may bring
in significant revenues, tolerating Mafia-type activities implies letting the Trojan horse of racketeering and grand corruption
into the walls of government.
相似文献
Jan Van DijkEmail: |
3.
Georgios Papanicolaou 《Trends in Organized Crime》2008,11(4):379-409
Using the concept of global prohibition regimes as an analytical point of departure, this article interrogates the development
and results of the agitation campaign that relayed the new global prohibition regime against trafficking for sexual exploitation
in Greece after 1995. In line with the international trend towards the issue of trafficking in the 1990s, the Greek campaign
has been successful in shaping perceptions of the change in the Greek sex industry on the basis of an equation of prostitution,
trafficking and transnational organized crime, and it also successfully capitalized on transnational supports to induce changes
in legislation and public policy. However, a critical examination of the Greek situation suggests that there is a considerable
discrepancy between the above conceptualisation and the knowledge of the issue emerging from the activities of criminal justice
agencies. The examination of the general conditions of economic exploitation and social marginalization of migrants in Greece
in the 1990s and after reveals significant homologies between the social organization of the sex industry and other sectors
of the economy that have depended on migrant labour. This result underscores the nature of the idea of organized crime as
an ideological construct acting as a diversion from more substantive paths of inquiry into the structures of national economy
that bear upon the exploitation of sexual labour.
相似文献
Georgios PapanicolaouEmail: |
4.
Allan Castle 《Trends in Organized Crime》2008,11(2):135-156
This article explores the possibility of measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime in a reliable and accountable
manner, both in general terms and with a practical focus on the Canadian context. In considering measures to combat organized
crime, a focus on process measurement has obscured the more substantial question of progress as regards the dependent variable
itself: the bottom line of reducing the impact of organized criminal behaviour. While outcome measures are more challenging
to identify than process measures, this fact alone does not minimize the need to demonstrate the connection between organized
crime enforcement and its presumed outcomes to a greater degree of certainty. To date, this has not been realized to any significant
degree, as revealed by a review of existing international approaches to measuring the impact of enforcement activity. The
article argues that a multidisciplinary focus on community level indicators of crime, if initially less accessible than process
measures of impact on organized crime groups, offers promise as a measurement of absolute and relative impact of state investment
in enforcement.
相似文献
Allan CastleEmail: |
5.
Lada L. Roslycky 《Trends in Organized Crime》2009,12(1):21-29
States are unique and individual entities. However, geographic proximity, a common history and fate may cause existential
threats to have common causes and solutions. To understand how, and why, states experience transnational organized crime as
a national security threat differently, it is necessary to learn about the states and the culture of organized crime in the
geographic region in which they are embedded. The objective here is to present the Post-Soviet Political Criminal Nexus as
a part of the identity of Newly Independent States in the Black Sea Region (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) which
poses an international security threat and impedes democratic development.
相似文献
Lada L. RoslyckyEmail: Email: |
6.
Richard Rosenfeld 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2006,2(3):309-319
The National Research Council’s report on evaluating anticrime programs contains sensible suggestions for improving evaluation
research in criminal justice but neglects the important role of substantive theory in linking evaluations of anticrime initiatives
to variation in crime rates across time and place. A working knowledge of crime rates is essential for designing and evaluating
anticrime programs. This essay calls for the development of a policy evaluation infrastructure that would support the continuous
monitoring of crime rates, generate knowledge of crime-producing conditions, and link evaluation research findings to one
another and to expected policy outcomes, notably crime reduction.
相似文献
Richard RosenfeldEmail: |
7.
After the fall of communism in the Soviet Union, newspapers, films, academic researchers and intelligence agencies warned
against a new phenomenon in organized crime: the “Russian mafiya.” In fact, since the fall of the Berlin Wall, Western European
countries have noted an increase in the number of criminals from Central and Eastern Europe. In the mid-1990s, the Dutch judicial
authorities made the issue a priority and established a special team to investigate crime with links to Eastern Europe. From
1999 to 2005, the KT NON crime team published several studies and reports on serious crime of this nature. In this paper,
the authors, who were assigned to the KT NON crime team, discuss the findings of the two most recent publications on the “causes,
nature, scale and threat of Central and Eastern European crime” and “mobile banditry,” respectively. They come to the conclusion
that among other forms of crime, the phenomenon of mobile banditry seems to be the most serious manifestation of crime from
post-communist countries. The Russian mafia was not found.
相似文献
Franca van der LaanEmail: |
8.
Peter Alan Sproat 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2007,47(3):169-184
This paper describes the UK’s anti-money laundering and asset recovery laws and the aims and objectives behind the regime
since the introduction of the Proceeds of Crime Act in 2002. It then evaluates the regime in terms of the amount of criminal
assets recovered, its application against organised crime and its impact upon the price of illegal drugs.
相似文献
Peter Alan SproatEmail: |
9.
The rapid economic growth in China over recent decades has been accompanied by higher levels of crime, but there have been
few studies of the Chinese experience of criminal victimization. A recent victimization survey of a representative sample
of households in Tianjin represents a major effort to fill this gap in the literature. The present paper reviews the research
based on the Tianjin survey along with other studies of crime and criminal victimization in China that have been published
since 1990. We summarize the major findings, discuss the theoretical perspectives and methodological strategies that have
been applied, identify the limitations of the research to date, and offer suggestions for future research.
相似文献
Yue Zhuo (Corresponding author)Email: |
Steven F. MessnerEmail: |
Lening ZhangEmail: |
10.
Offender profiling postulates that crime scene behavior should predict certain offender characteristics. The aim of this study
is to investigate the relationship between offender characteristics, situational factors, and body disposal patterns. Sequential
logistic regression analysis on a sample of 85 sexual murderers shows that those who were in a relationship at the time of
the crime and who present organized psychological characteristics are more likely to move the victim’s body after the homicide.
However, when the victim is older and a conflict with the offender occurred prior to the crime, the body is more likely to
be left at the crime scene. Implications for offender profiling are discussed in light of the results.
相似文献
Eric BeauregardEmail: |
11.
Organized crime is often conceptualized as a business enterprise formed by actors motivated by profits. The Balkans represents
an ideal case for testing the extent to which assumptions about the image of actors involved in illegal arms trading can be
extrapolated to the macro-level of analysis. Focusing mainly on public discourse, this paper points to several thematic categories
of illicit arms trafficking: i) profit-oriented arms trafficking involving organized crime groups ii) trafficking of arms
for the purpose of arming criminal-terrorist formations and iii) state-sponsored illegal arms trafficking. Although economic
incentives appear strong in many cases, other cultural, social and political issues also frame the illicit arms market in
the region. We argue that both understanding and policing organized crime should also embrace the non-economic nature of this
type of criminal behavior.
相似文献
Panos A. KostakosEmail: |
12.
This article reviews studies of China’s correctional system and recidivism in approximately the last two decades. Studies
on the Chinese correctional system may be grouped into two subfields, one on studies of the correctional system itself (e.g.,
the composition and the function of the system), and the other on studies of prison inmates in other related topics (e.g.,
their criminal behavior). Studies on China’s recidivism showed a very low recidivism rate, and China’s crime prevention strategies
were closely related to its societal structure and social control. Future studies in these two areas need to focus on the
most recent changes in the Chinese criminal justice system, and gain more access to Chinese prisons to do empirical testing.
相似文献
Bin LiangEmail: |
13.
Vera Bergelson 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(1):19-28
In this article, I confront Garvey’s argument that a weak-willed individual deserves partial excuse for trying to resist a
strong desire that pushes him toward commission of a criminal act even though in the end he unreasonably abandons his resistance
and commits the crime. I attempt to refute Garvey’s argument on two counts: one, I question whether the law should indeed
provide mitigation to such an offender; and two, I argue that, even if it should, this mitigation may not come in the form
of a partial defense. Defenses, even partial, are desert based, and there is nothing in Garvey’s offender’s circumstances
that makes him less blameworthy for the crime he committed. A court may choose to treat such an offender more leniently but
it should not be mandated to do so.
相似文献
Vera BergelsonEmail: |
14.
Hua-Lun Huang 《Asian Journal of Criminology》2007,2(2):127-143
Developing a typology for delinquent and criminal gangs has a long history in criminology and criminal justice. Although many
typologies have been proposed in the past eight decades, the great majority of these classifications are based on the consideration
of one single factor. This approach obviously oversimplifies the nature of gangs and may give gang researchers an impression
that gangs of a certain category differ totally from those of another category. The author of this paper argues that differences
between gangs are relative, not absolute. To demonstrate this point, a nomenclature on Asian gangs based on the different
combinations of the three factors of political belief, organizational layout, and political connection is suggested. According
to this nomenclature, Asian gangs can be conceptually categorized as STP, SEP, STN, SEN, ITP, IEP, ITN, and IEN types.
Hua-Lun Huang is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. His specialized areas include Chinese and Japanese secret societies, Chinese and Japanese organized crime, and pirates of East Asia. 相似文献
Hua-Lun HuangEmail: |
Hua-Lun Huang is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. His specialized areas include Chinese and Japanese secret societies, Chinese and Japanese organized crime, and pirates of East Asia. 相似文献
15.
Does Incapacitation Reduce Crime? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Questions and answers about incapacitation abound in all discussions about criminal justice policy. They are among the most
pressing of all research issues, yet estimates about the incapacitation effect on crime vary considerably, and most are based
on very old and incomplete estimates of the longitudinal pattern of criminal careers. This paper provides an overview of the
incapacitation issue, highlights information on recent estimates of criminal careers that are useful to the incapacitation
model, and outlines an ambitious research agenda for continued and expanded work on incapacitation and crime that centers
on developing better estimates of the characteristics of criminal careers and their relevance to policy choices.
相似文献
Alex R. PiqueroEmail: |
16.
Comparative studies of crime have persistently challenged and daunted criminology scholars. For criminologists studying Japan,
interest has traditionally been focused on the country’s much-heralded low crime rate. The current study examines white-collar
lawbreaking in both the United States and Japan, focusing on similarities and differences in culture, law, criminal justice
system response, corporate governance, and regulation. The study concludes that if Japan’s low crime rate is an enigma to
criminologists, then its ample amounts of white-collar and corporate crime appear that much more puzzling. Given that the
depth of the problem of white-collar crime goes far beyond adjudicated cases, Japan’s remarkably low rate of common crime
is likely eclipsed by its rate of white-collar and corporate crime. The study concludes that the different legal and cultural
contexts of the “law in inaction” go far in explaining the official nonrecognition of white-collar and corporate crime in
both the United States and Japan.
相似文献
Henry N. PontellEmail: |
17.
Walter DeKeseredy Joseph F. Donnermeyer Martin D. Schwartz Kenneth D. Tunnell Mandy Hall 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(4):295-311
After decades of neglect, a growing number of scholars have turned their attention to issues of crime and criminal justice
in the rural context. Despite this improvement, rural crime research is underdeveloped theoretically, and is little informed
by critical criminological perspectives. In this article, we introduce the broad tenets of a multi-level theory that links
social and economic change to the reinforcement of rural patriarchy and male peer support, and in turn, how they are linked
to separation/divorce sexual assault. We begin by addressing a series of misconceptions about what is rural, rural homogeneity
and commonly held presumptions about the relationship of rurality, collective efficacy (and related concepts) and crime. We
conclude by recommending more focused research, both qualitative and quantitative, to uncover specific link between the rural
transformation and violence against women.
This paper was presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Los Angeles, California. Some
of the research reported here was supported by National Institute of Justice Grant 2002-WG-BX-0004 and financial assistance
provided by the College of Arts and Sciences and the Office of the Vice President for Research at Ohio University. Arguments
and findings included in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the US Department
of Justice or Ohio University. Please send all correspondence to Walter S. DeKeseredy, e-mail: walter.dekeseredy@uoit.ca.
All of the names of the women who participated in DeKeseredy and colleagues’ rural Ohio study and who are quoted have been
changed to maintain confidentiality.
相似文献
Walter DeKeseredy (Corresponding author)Email: |
Joseph F. DonnermeyerEmail: |
Martin D. SchwartzEmail: |
Kenneth D. TunnellEmail: |
Mandy HallEmail: |
18.
The Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule for over two centuries until 1947. To administer the large country
and its diverse population, the British designed a criminal justice administrative system which played a key role in maintaining
their dominance and hegemony. In particular, the police organization, largely composed of natives, furthered the goals of
colonial dominance through its functions of order maintenance, crime control, and surveillance. This paper, using Gramsci’s
conception of hegemony and Foucault’s study of disciplining and control, analyzes the important role that the police played
in maintaining British rule in India.
相似文献
T. K. Vinod KumarEmail: |
19.
The Silence of the Lambdas: Deterring Incapacitation Research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This essay provides an economist’s perspective on criminological research into incapacitation effects on crime. Our central
argument is that criminologists would do well to substantially scale back the enterprise of trying to estimate the various
behavioral parameters central to a micro-level approach to measuring incapacitation effects, including the annual rate of
offending outside of prison (λ) and the lengths of criminal careers. One problem with this line of research is practical:
for example, mean estimates of self-reported criminal activity by incarcerated prisoners are quite sensitive to reports by
the most criminally active offenders. But the larger concern is conceptual—the incapacitation effects from a given change
in sentencing policy may be undermined by the possibility of replacement effects, and at the same time omit other benefits
that may arise from deterrent effects on crime. A more promising approach is to identify plausibly exogenous changes in sentencing
policy in order to estimate the net impact on crime from the combined effects of incapacitation, deterrence and replacement.
相似文献
Jens LudwigEmail: |
20.
Kimberly Kessler Ferzan 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(1):97-101
This commentary on Michael Cahill’s Grading Arson argues that Cahill’s analysis inevitably leads to three possible conclusions. First, arson does not belong in criminal codes.
Second, crimes of manner do not belong in criminal codes. And, third, the special part needs serious reconsideration. Although
Cahill is reticent to draw any of these conclusions, this commentary urges Cahill to embrace all three.
相似文献
Kimberly Kessler FerzanEmail: |