刑法中“其他”及“等”略考

刑法条文是以语言为载体来表达一定立法意图的.因而,刑法用语对于理解刑法条文之规定具有重要意义.但是,刑法中大量的"其他"与"等"这些不确定内容词语的使用造成了刑法的确定性下降,对罪刑法定原则构成了威胁.本文以详细的统计数字为基础,考察了刑法中"其他"与"等"的使用情况、存在的问题;并对减少"其他"与"等"的使用、"其他"与"等"的解释权作了探讨.     

U.S. Industries v. Director: "claim" versus "condition" in the analysis of workers' compensation cases

Under most workers' compensation statutes, an injury must "arise out of " and "in the course of" employment in order to qualify as a compensable disability. In U.S. Industries v. Director, the Supreme Court held that the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act must be strictly construed to avoid transforming the compensation system into a form of social insurance. In U.S. Industries, the Court denied a disability claim based on an arthritic condition which was manifested while the worker was at home in bed. This Note contends that the Supreme Court neglected to consider pertinent medical realities when analyzing the causation question. Thus, the decision undermines the overall rationale behind workers' compensation legislation. Nonetheless, the Note argues that the case does not relax the requirement of adequately scrutinizing the causative elements underlying any reasonable claim for disability benefits. An analysis adequately accommodating both medical and legal facts, instead of relying upon the vagaries of statutory interpretation, is necessary to improve the efficiency and fairness of workers' compensation disability determinations.     

"工作过程"与美国工伤认定——兼评我国工伤认定的不足与完善

在美国,通常只有发生于"工作过程"的伤害才可以受到工伤赔偿的保护.我国<工伤保险条例>在工伤认定的规定上存在缺陷,可借鉴美国的理念和判例做相应的修改.实践中,我国也应借鉴美国的理论和判例,对与工作存在模糊关系的伤害是否属于工伤做出准确的裁判.     

Aortoesophageal fistula and sudden death. A report of two cases and review of the literature

Two cases of aortoesophageal fistula are presented. The etiology, symptoms, and diagnosis of aortoesophageal fistula are reviewed. Signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal hemorrhage followed by sudden collapse hours to days later should prompt consideration of an aortoesophageal fistula. Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies, particularly by children, is a frequent etiology.     

Consequences and dilemmas in therapeutic relationships with families resulting from mandatory reporting legislation

Mandatory reporting legislation has been adopted in every state to insure the protection of children from maltreatment. These statutes have become a significant factor in the lives of mental health professionals who work with children and families. Thirty psychotherapists who had made a recent report of child maltreatment on a client in treatment were interviewed about their experiences with reporting and the consequences of reporting for therapeutic relationships. Several potentially problematic consequences and dilemmas were identified by the therapists, including immediate and long-term effects on the therapeutic alliance and course of therapy, and conflicts of interest in working with children and families.     

On Law and Disagreement. Some Comments on "Interpretative Pluralism"

Abstract This paper focuses on the question: Do persisting disagreements in constitutional interpretation affect the legitimacy of “the democratic system as a whole”? According to both Michelman and Waldron, the epistemic indeterminacy of interpretation—that is, the fact that principles do not possess stable meanings beyond, and independent of, their application to concrete cases—puts its finger on a point of the contractualist and prevailing political theory. But, if neither the legitimacy of any democratic order nor the standard of internal criticism can be founded on a broad background consensus on constitutional essentials, “what else makes a deliberative process of legislation and adjudication a generator of legitimacy so that citizens are induced to accept controversial results as ‘worthy of respect’?” The route pursued goes beyond all views that require legitimacy to be based on sharing a set of “thick” ethical beliefs. In this perspective, the author argues that the performative meaning of constitution‐making “provides a thin yet sufficiently strong base,” which corresponds to the minimal requirements inherent in the very practice of framing a constitution.     

美国法的"刑"与"非刑"

从理论研究以及司法实践的角度来看,"刑"与"非刑"之间的区别都显得十分重要,随着时代的不断发展,包括美国法在内的很多法律体系当中都出现了"刑法民法化"以及"民法刑罚化"这样的两种并行趋势,从而使得原本尚属明晰的"刑"与"非刑"之间的区隔变得愈发模糊.美国法"刑"与"非刑"关系传统界别往往关注二者之间责任类型的不同归属、行为性质的不同认定、立法目的的不同设定、救济模式的不同特质以及救济程序的不同厘定.本文通过对美国法"刑"与"非刑"二元分野合理性的反思与追问,着力对于美国法"刑"与"非刑"关系之间的模糊地带,特别是所谓的"惩罚性民事制裁"问题加以深入研究,继而从一个更为深入的层面对这一问题加以明晰.     

"No compensation" or "pro compensation": Moore v. Regents and default rules for human tissue donations

The much studied case of Moore v. Regents of the University of California is often considered important in property law for denying property rights in human tissue. This widespread misunderstanding of Moore has not only misplaced the legal emphasis of human tissue donations on property law instead of contract law, but has also hindered the creation of a much-needed default rule governing the issue of compensation for donated tissue. While it is possible that the majority of donors rarely consider compensation as an incentive to donate, without a legally recognized default rule the law remains blurred as to what contractual provisions apply to the exchange between donor and researcher. This Article argues that the solution is a weak default rule of no compensation that may be overridden by evidence that the parties intended otherwise.     

“挪”与“用”之关系及其在挪用型犯罪中的定位思考

根据我国刑法第 2 72条和第 384条规定 ,构成挪用型犯罪的前提条件是 :国家工作人员或公司、企业工作人员利用职务上的便利 ,挪用公款或单位资金归个人使用 (挪用单位资金犯罪还包括借给他人使用 )。人们对行为人既“挪”且“用”了公款或单位资金的情况的定性不存争议 ,然而 ,当行为人对公款或单位资金只“挪”未用时 ,其行为是否构成挪用型犯罪则颇存争议。笔者认为 ,只有把“挪用”置于挪用型犯罪构成中的地位中去思考 ,才能正确界定“挪”与“用”之间的关系 ,才能合理地解决“挪而未用”行为的定性问题。一、“挪”与“用”之关系及其…     

试论警察院校开设体育保健与康复课的意义及作用

保持身体健康,提高生活质量是现代社会人员关注的热门话题,开置体育保健与康复课程教育将有助于公安院校教育培养学生自我终身锻炼的良好习惯,并终身受益。     

中国古代的乐与法

在中国古代,乐本身也是一种法,而且是一种“根本大法”。乐与中国古代另一“根本大法”礼属于并列、交叉关系。此二者一起成为中国古代治国平天下的重要工具。以乐治国是中国古代独有的最富特色的治国方略。     

Anterior thoracic wall trauma in elderly homicide victims. The "CPR defense"

During the course of medicolegal postmortem examinations, forensic pathologists often encounter the sequelae of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that was administered by medical and paramedical personnel. A wide variety of CPR-related injuries have been described since the institution nearly 30 years ago of this now common-place emergency technique. The forensic pathologist must be aware of both typical and unusual CPR-related trauma patterns in order to differentiate between injury produced during emergency therapy procedures and injury sustained through other mechanisms (for example, during an assault or an accident). This article describes two recent separate and unrelated incidents in which an elderly woman was murdered. In each instance, bony injuries of the anterior thoracic wall structures were identified during the autopsy. Defense attorneys in each case attempted to use these injuries as proof that their accused clients had performed external cardiac massage on their victims, thus indicating that the homicides had not been intentional, and that the perpetrators showed remorse. These cases are presented, with a discussion of the typical features of CPR-related thoracic wall trauma as compared with willfully inflicted injury.     

公共政策制定的理论研究中的“村民”与“农民”概念辨析

构建和谐社会,落实科学发展观,离不开对“三农”问题的研究。长期以来,在关于“三农”问题与村民自治的公共政策制定和理论研究中,由于对“农民”与“村民”概念的片面理解和不规范使用,产生了严重的负面影响,对其规范使用已是势在必行。农民与村民本是两个外延不同,内涵既有同质性,但又有异质性的概念,二者不可相互替代。对其规范使用,有利于在公共政策制定和“三农”问题的理论研究上发挥正确导向和规范作用。