新型苯环己哌啶衍生物溴胺酮的表征与分析

为了对案件缴获的疑似毒品进行分析,确认化合物种类,建立化合物的表征数据,本文基于气相色谱–质谱联用技术(GC-MS)、液相色谱–高分辨飞行时间质谱联用技术(LC-QTOF)、傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)及碳谱(¹³C NMR)、X射线单晶衍射(X-ray diffraction of single crystal)等多种手段对目标化合物进行分析和表征。测定了已列管的氯胺酮和氟胺酮的二级质谱,建立中性丢失质谱碎片信息,并与目标化合物进行比对。通过多种分析手段与中性丢失质谱碎片信息比对结果,确认该化合物为溴胺酮。新型苯环己哌啶衍生物溴胺酮存在一定的毒品替代和滥用风险,本研究建立的溴胺酮的分析与表征数据能够为公安机关对溴胺酮的鉴定工作提供参考依据。     

法医毒物检验中毒物的快速筛查与检测研究进展

法医毒物学检验工作的需求,已从单一种类毒物检验逐渐转向多目标毒物筛查和常见未知毒物筛查。免疫法、液相色谱质谱联用法、气相色谱质谱法及未知物筛查技术是目前常用的毒物筛查技术和方法,这些方法和技术都有其特点。本文综述了目前已开发的毒物快速筛查技术和方法,并对各种方法的优缺点和应用价值进行了评价,希望能为法医毒物学检验工作中毒物的快速筛查提供参考和借鉴。     

LC-MS/MS-MRM筛选血液中22种有毒生物碱成分

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法对血液中的22种常见有毒生物碱成分进行筛选分析。方法血液以丁丙诺菲为内标经液液提取后,用液相色谱-串联质谱仪以电喷雾电离(ESI )、多反应监测(MRM)方式进行分析。结果以化合物的保留时间、两对母离子/子离子对定性,最低检出限为0.1～20ng/mL。结论该方法选择性佳、灵敏度高,适用于法医毒物分析和临床毒物分析中有毒生物碱的分析。     

LC-HRMS非靶标筛查8个地表水样品中有机污染物

目的 基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱技术(UPLC-QTOF MS/MS),建立高分辨质谱(LC-HRMS)非靶标策略筛查地表水中潜在有机污染物的方法并应用于环境水样品中有机污染物识别.方法 地表水样品经固相萃取提取后,采用0.1％甲酸溶液和甲酸甲醇溶液作为流动相在C18色谱柱上进行洗脱.分别采用全扫描模...     

书讯

《液相色谱-质谱联用技术在药物和毒物分析中的应用》由向平、沈敏、卓先义主编,上海科学技术出版社出版。该书共分五章,第一章着重介绍LC-MS、生物样品的前处理、基质效应等技术问题,同时介绍生物样     

基于HRMS的海河地表水有机污染物的非靶标筛查及生态风险评估

目的 基于高分辨质谱分析方法和非靶标筛查策略，采用高效液相色谱四极杆飞行时间串联质谱技术识别海河地表水中潜在的有机污染物并对其进行生态风险评估。方法 利用精确质量数和二级质谱碎片信息与开源液相色谱质谱库匹配检索、识别等非靶标数据分析方法，最终与标准品色谱保留时间和质谱信息比对确认，用内标法进行定量。通过计算危险熵，结合水环境中有机污染物的浓度，对其进行生态风险评估。结果 共识别出52个有机污染物，其中有39个经过标准品验证，包括16种药物、8种农药、9种工业化合物、3种个人护理产品和3种食品添加剂。计算出24种有机污染物的危险熵值，选出9种有机污染物作为海河的优先污染物。结论 海河地表水中有机污染物的分布特征与地点和周围环境有关，并未检测到有机物的危险熵值高于1，这表明检出物质对水生生物风险较低。     

生物检材中海洛因代谢物分析现状

海洛因在体内极易代谢,其主要的代谢产物为单乙酰吗啡、吗啡等。目前,检测海洛因代谢物的常用生物检材有尿液、血液、毛发等;常用分析方法有薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、免疫分析法、毛细管电泳法等。本文参考近年来的文献对生物检材中海洛因代谢物的分析方法作一综述,为法医毒物分析等相关领域的研究提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术分析地芬尼多代谢产物

目的分析地芬尼多在血液中的代谢产物。方法采用高分辨液质联用仪对中毒死亡人员血液进行检测,样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后使用液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用仪检验,根据高分辨的质谱碎片信息和解析软件分析其结构。结果经过仪器检测和数据分析,推断出血液中三种地芬尼多的代谢产物。结论该方法为地芬尼多中毒案件判定和代谢产物检验提供了新的参考。     

气相色谱—质谱联用法在毒物分析中的应用

<正> 近30年来,毒物分析虽已采用了紫外光谱、薄层色谱、气相色谱等微量分析方法,但不能满足毒物分析的要求。随着气相色谱/质谱/计算机(GC/MS/DS)联用仪应用,为有机毒物分析提供了快速、灵敏、准确的方法。GC对微量有机毒物具有分离能力强,MS鉴定有机毒物灵敏度高、速度快、准确性好,而DS数据系统可提供很强的数据处理能力及检索功能。     

人唾液中苯丙胺类药物检测方法进展

目前人唾液中苯丙胺类药物的检测研究较少,鉴于唾液检材具备很多的实用价值和优势,本文综述了国内外对唾液检材中苯丙胺类药物的检测研究进展,重点包括免疫分析筛选方法、液-液萃取法、固相微萃取法等萃取方法以及气相色谱/质谱联用法、液相色谱/质谱联用法等确证方法的发展情况。     

MALDI-TOF-MS成像技术及其在法医损伤标志物筛选中的应用

传统的免疫学和分子生物学技术在寻找损伤分子标志物方面存在成果孤立、效价模糊以及相互间作用机制不明等缺点.质谱成像技术集筛选、分析和图像化于一体,更适合基于形态学的损伤分子标志物研究.本文综述了基于基质辅助激光解吸/电离-飞行时间质谱（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationtime-of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）成像技术筛选并识别特征性蛋白质的方法和最新进展,阐述了其在法医学损伤研究中的应用价值.     

产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任之司法鉴定20例分析

目的：研究产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案件的一般规律及其医疗损害责任司法鉴定的特点,为法医学鉴定提供理论支持。方法：对20例产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果：产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案例逐年增多;发生纠纷的医疗机构以市（区）级为多见,发生纠纷的案件中以手足畸形和先心病多见;医疗损害责任司法鉴定的主要原因为医疗技术缺陷与医疗管理缺陷。     

The Odontology Victim Identification Skill Assessment System*,†

Abstract: Mass fatality identification efforts involving forensic odontology can involve hundreds of dental volunteers. A literature review was conducted and forensic odontologists and dental educators consulted to identify lessons learned from past mass fatality identification efforts. As a result, the authors propose a skill assessment system, the Odontology Victim Identification Skill Assessment System (OVID‐SAS), which details qualifications required to participate on the Antemortem, Postmortem, Ante/Postmortem Comparison, Field, and Shift Leader/Initial Response Teams. For each qualification, specific skills have been identified along with suggested educational pedagogy and skill assessment methods. Courses and assessments can be developed by dental schools, professional associations, or forensic organizations to teach and test for the skills required for dental volunteers to participate on each team. By implementing a system, such as OVID‐SAS, forensic odontologists responsible for organizing and managing a forensic odontology mass fatality identification effort will be able to optimally utilize individuals presenting with proven skills.     

迈向“过程导向信任”的刑事死因鉴定争议解决机制

中国当今刑事鉴定争议频发。其中当事人与办案机关鉴定冲突最剧烈、不满手段最多样,且其社会影响最大者,目前主要聚集在部分死因鉴定领域。该类鉴定争议既滋生过度重复鉴定,更促使部分当事人上访、闹事,一度还以此衍生出暴力性群体事件。死因鉴定争议的发生,主要源于影响鉴定意见可信性的一系列因素,而非仅因为、甚或主要基于鉴定意见的客观可靠性。因此,为重塑中国刑事死因鉴定的公信力,必须走向从实践出发的法律研究与制度建构立场,以回应办案部门创建、并亟须理论提炼与立法改良的“过程导向信任”的鉴定争议解决机制。其关键措施,是通过死因鉴定程序的开放性与当事人双方（包括其聘请的法医专家）的充分参与性,从而实现鉴定意见的可信性或当事人可接受性;并以此领域的鉴定争议解决为突破口,进行鉴定制度改革,以提升中国整个刑事司法鉴定的公信力与可信性。     

Ultrafast STR Separations on Short‐Channel Microfluidic Systems for Forensic Screening and Genotyping

There are situations in which it is important to quickly and positively identify an individual. Examples include suspects detained in the neighborhood of a bombing or terrorist incident, individuals detained attempting to enter or leave the country, and victims of mass disasters. Systems utilized for these purposes must be fast, portable, and easy to maintain. DNA typing methods provide the best biometric information yielding identity, kinship, and geographical origin, but they are not portable and rapid. This study details the development of a portable short‐channel microfluidic device based on a modified Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer for applications in forensic genomics. The system utilizes a denaturing polymer matrix with dual‐channel laser‐induced fluorescence and is capable of producing a genotype in 80 sec. The device was tested for precision and resolution using an allelic ladder created from 6 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and a sex marker (amelogenin). The results demonstrated a precision of 0.09–0.21 bp over the entire size range and resolution values from 2.5 to 4.1 bp. Overall, the results demonstrate the chip provides a portable, rapid, and precise method for screening amplified short tandem repeats and human identification screening.     

Use of multislice computed tomography in disaster victim identification--advantages and limitations

After a mass fatality incident (MFI), all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for juridical reasons as well as for the relatives' sake. Since MFIs are often international in scope, Interpol has proposed standard disaster victim identification (DVI) procedures, which have been widely adopted by authorities and forensic experts. This study investigates how postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) can contribute to the DVI process as proposed by Interpol. The Interpol postmortem (PM) form has been analyzed, and a number of items in sections D and E thereof have been postulated to be suitable for documentation by CT data. CT scans have then been performed on forensic cases. Interpretation of the reconstructed images showed that indeed much of the postmortem information required for identification can be gathered from CT data. Further advantages of the proposed approach concern the observer independent documentation, the possibility to reconstruct a variety of images a long time after the event, the possibility to distribute the work by transmitting CT data digitally, and the reduction of time and specialists needed at the disaster site. We conclude that MSCT may be used as a valuable screening tool in DVI in the future.     

Progress of DNA-based Methods for Species Identification

Species identification of biological samples is widely used in such fields as forensic science and food industry. A variety of accurate and reliable methods have been developed in recent years. The cur...     

Analysis of alprazolam by DART-TOF mass spectrometry in counterfeit and routine drug identification cases

The high prevalence of alprazolam abuse translates to an increased workload for crime laboratories in characterizing seized tablets. These tablets may originate as diverted pharmaceuticals or counterfeited mimics, so efficient analytical techniques should provide confirmatory data while minimizing destruction of evidence. We offer the first report of a validated forensic method for confirming alprazolam tablets by direct analysis in real time-time of flight (DART-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. This technique provides rapid identification of target analytes with minimal sample preparation, allowing direct analysis in the atmospheric sample gap. Selectivity is achieved through high resolution and mass accuracy, unique ion fragments, and chlorine isotopic ratios. This method utilizes fragmentation in two separate voltage functions to observe the alprazolam pseudo molecular ion at 309.09070 using 40 V and major ion fragments of 281.07197 and 205.07657 at 120 V. These parameters allow our laboratory to confirm alprazolam tablets efficiently, without compromising quality forensic standards.     

Binary logistic regression models enable miRNA profiling to provide accurate identification of forensically relevant body fluids and tissues

Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability to identify the body fluid of origin of forensic biological stains using messenger (mRNA) profiling. However, the size of the amplification product used in these assays (100–400 bases) may not be ideal for use with environmentally degraded samples. MiRNA profiling represents a potential alternative to mRNA profiling, since the small size of the miRNAs (∼22 bases) might still permit their detection in degraded stains. Previously, we reported the first study involving the forensic use of microRNA (miRNA) profiling, which required screening of 452 candidates. Since our initial screening, hundreds of novel miRNAs have been identified. We have therefore evaluated additional miRNA candidates to further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the body fluid assays. Consequently we have expanded our body fluid identification panel to include 18 miRNAs (comprising 5 original and 13 novel miRNAs). This panel permits the identification of all forensically relevant body fluids and, uniquely, includes miRNAs for the identification of skin.Using normalized miRNA expression data, we constructed body fluid specific binary logistic regression models to permit an accurate identification of the body fluid of interest. Using the developed models, we have obtained 100% accuracy in predicting the body fluid of interest.