Comparing Discourse to Officer Perceptions: The Problems of War and Militarization in Wildlife Crime Enforcement

‘War’ has become a common model and metaphor for biodiversity conservation in Africa. By discussing the specific challenges of wildlife crime enforcement in Uganda, this article challenges the ‘war on wildlife crime’ discourse. It concludes that in the context of Uganda, the discourse is profoundly unhelpful because of a lack of alignment between the problems highlighted by Ugandan law enforcement officers interviewed and the solutions typically favoured in the ‘wars on crime’. Most wildlife crimes are subsistence-driven and interviewees’ requests are for basic equipment and conventional capacity building. Findings demonstrate that the language of war, militarization and securitization should be used with caution as it risks constructing an image of wildlife crime that is misleading—and one that prevents responses that are effective in the long term.     

国际刑警组织严厉打击跨国野生动植物犯罪

野生动植物跨国犯罪泛指违反国际和国内野生动植物保护法律法规,在不同的国家和地区间从事非法野生动植物偷猎、运输、加工和交易等犯罪行为,以及为此类行为提供便利的渎职腐败、洗钱、文书造假等相关违法犯罪行为。一、野生动植物跨国犯罪现状及发展趋势2019年,世界动物保护协会发布了全球首份野生动物异域宠物全球贸易报告《狂野之心:异域宠物贸易的残酷现状》,该报告指出,每年全球野生动物非法贸易数额非常惊人,初步估计高达200亿美元。     

野生动物保护中的几个法律问题

从近年来野生动物保护的实践出发,提出了野生动物保护目前面临的现实问题和法律缺陷。就野生动物的生存权和人的生存权、财产权的意合,野生动物致害后的处置和损害补偿,野生动物管理等问题提出了一系列法律对策,并对上述问题提出了立法建议。     

转化犯基本问题探究

转化犯 ,是指行为在成立基础犯罪之后又具备了另一密切相关的更为严重的犯罪构成要件或者其他事实特征 ,刑法明文规定按后一较重的犯罪论处的犯罪形态。转化犯有如下特征 :基础行为必须构成犯罪 ;基础犯罪与转化犯罪性质不同 ,并且后者重于前者 ;转化条件的发生紧接于基础行为之后 ,或者在基础行为持续期间 ;转化条件独立符合转化犯罪的构成要件 ,或者基础犯罪并转化条件符合或者大致符合转化犯罪的构成要件 ;转化犯是法定的一罪 ,以刑法规定为限。转化犯包括典型转化犯与准型转化犯。我国《刑法》有 10个条文规定了转化犯 ,其中有些立法值得考究     

Becoming a Game Warden: Motivations for Choosing a Career in Wildlife Law Enforcement

Conservation law enforcement is a type of specialized policing that occurs mostly in rural areas. Game wardens have the primary responsibility of enforcing hunting and fishing laws. Little research exists on the motivations for entering this branch of specialized law enforcement. This study took a qualitative approach to data collection and examined the motivations of Montana state game wardens for choosing a career in wildlife law enforcement. Three main categories for becoming a warden were identified that included a desire to work in the outdoors, a desire to protect natural resources, and other.     

Crime Mapping and the Training Needs of Law Enforcement

This paper explores some of the more recent developments within crime mapping and the broader application of geographical information technology within law enforcement. The information technology (IT) revolution and the reduction in computing costs since the 1980s has brought a range of analytical tools within the budgets of most police services, and one of the most significant changes has been in the way that spatial data are handled. Law enforcement has strong geographic currents at all levels of the organisation, and this paper examines three applications of geographical information systems (GIS) within policing: hotspot mapping; CompStat; and geographic profiling. The paper concludes by discussing the future training needs using a simple model of intelligence-led crime reduction. This model suggests that training for managers to enable a greater understanding of the analyses presented to them, and how to use mapping to further crime prevention and reduction, may be as important as increasing the technical ability of crime analysts. The challenge for the immediate future of crime reduction practice in law enforcement is less to worry about the training of analysts, and more to address the inability of law enforcement management to understand and act on the crime analysis they are given.     

行政强制相关问题辩析

行政诉讼法的实施带动了我国整个行政法制发展的进程 ,国家赔偿法、行政处罚法、行政复议法等与行政管理有关的法律相继出台 ,为规范政府行政管理、保护相对人的合法权益提供了相应的法律依据。由于行政诉讼以对行政行为的司法审查作为根本任务 ,所以 ,对各种行政行为的研究必然成为行政法学界关注的重心。而反过来 ,对行政行为的研究又推动了行政立法的进程。正是在这种良性互动过程中 ,继行政处罚法出台之后 ,行政强制法、行政许可法乃至行政合同法也已纳入了行政立法的议事日程。一、行政强制措施、行政强制、行政强制执行与即时强制首先…     

我国银行业反垄断执法难题

我国银行业的市场化改革肩负着反垄断的神圣使命,《反垄断法》的出台为银行业反垄断提供了重要的法律依据和可靠的法律保障。本文首先结合实例,就当前我国银行业垄断行为的表现及其危害进行了客观剖析,然后探究了银行业垄断行为产生的原因,最后就银行业反垄断执法难题及其化解展开了重点论证,并提出了自己的执法建议。     

城管执法中的行政强制问题研究

近年来,随着经济社会的迅猛发展,城市建设速度不断加快,人们在享受城市发展带来各种成果的同时,对城市生活的质量要求更高了,期待着政府的服务和管理在硬件及软件上都能“更上一层楼”。即对城市管理水平提出了更高的要求。而现实问题是由于诸多因素的制约和影响导致城市管理中的矛盾日渐突出。甚至暴力冲突也时有发生。2012年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国行政强制法》就是在这样的背景下出台的。本文着重分析了强制法的出台给城管执法①带来的重要影响。探讨了如何应对实践中城管执法存在的行政强制问题．以期找出解决对策。     

行贿犯罪执法困局及其对策

长期以来,由于重受贿轻行贿思想作怪,我国司法机关对行贿犯罪一直打击不力;惩治行贿犯罪的刑事政策亦模糊不清,甚至相互矛盾。此种状况,导致行贿人一再行贿,有恃无恐,结果是社会公正坍塌、公众普遍不满。这种状况之所以存在,既有社会心理方面的原因,也有立法、司法方面的原因。今后,我们应当大力倡导惩办行贿与惩办受贿并重原则,修正行贿犯罪的刑法规范,并努力提升查办贿赂犯罪的执法能力,切实遏制行贿犯罪。     

The Youth Crime Problems in the Republic of Korea

The Republic of Korea, ironically known as “the Land of the Morning Calm,” has experienced drastic social changes during the past half century.1 Most experts agree that the catalyst for this change has been the country's remarkably swift modernization and urbanization, as Korean society has shifted away from its past agrarian traditions. What has resulted are major conflicts between its culture's traditional values and new values imported from social structures of the industrialized western nations. These conflicts as they relate to juvenile delinquency are the subject of this article.     

我国仲裁法实施中的几个问题

《中华人民共和国仲裁法》实施 5年多来 ,暴露了某些问题 ,本文探讨了其中几个亟待解决的问题 :仲裁事项的范围、仲裁机构的约定、已经签字尚未生效的合同纠纷能否通过仲裁解决和仲裁协议的效力异议的解决办法。     

当前行政执法监督面临的问题与对策

实施依法行政,规范行政执法,加强对行政执法的监督,在保护行政相对人的合法权益,提高行政效率,重塑政府形象等方面有着重要意义。我国虽然已初步建立了行政执法监督体系,但目前尚不能很好地发挥作用,其面临的主要问题是:人大的监督缺乏有效性,行政主体的内部监督作用有限,社会监督软弱无力,司法监督流于形式。对此,应采取强化人大监督,对内部行政监督制度进行改革,增强社会监督的作用,进一步发挥司法监督的效能等措施加以完善。     

犯罪现场勘查存在的问题及其对策

通过现场勘查,就是要查清事件的性质,即研究和了解犯罪分子作案情况、作案动机和手段;研究和了解犯罪分子本人的特点和特征;发现和提取犯罪分子作案遗留的痕迹、物证;为侦查破案提供各方面的犯罪信息。侦查人员依靠这些犯罪信息,“再现犯罪”,确定侦查范围,制定侦查计划,采取侦查措施,进行侦查破案。     

爆炸物犯罪司法疑难问题及其解决

爆炸物犯罪的法律规定存在漏洞,刑法理论界对有关爆炸物犯罪的研究欠深、广,导致了司法实践中处理爆炸物犯罪时对犯罪对象、行为、罪数认定及刑罚裁量等出现争议和疑难。认真探讨这些问题,对丰富爆炸物犯罪理论和解决爆炸物犯罪量刑失衡具有重大意义。立法和司法解释对爆炸物的外延不周延,应从社会危害性角度考虑予以解决;对爆炸物犯罪行为认定的疑难,应从各种犯罪行为的本质特点予以认定;对罪数形态认定的疑难,应从把握事后不可罚行为和想象竞合犯等刑法理论的基础上具体分析认定;对于刑罚裁量上的失衡,应从正确认定处罚情节和正确适用司法解释来解决。