对我国政府与非政府组织合作的实践探索——以公共社区管理为基点

近年来,政府与非政府组织在公共事务管理领域中的合作一直受到学术界的关注。本文阐述了政府与非政府组织合作的现实基础,并以公共社区管理为基点,对我国政府与非政府组织在实践中的合作做了初步的探索。     

因参与、透明而进步:互联网时代下的公众参与和政府信息公开

随着5月1日《政府信息公开条例》的正式实施,中国现实中方兴未艾的公众参与实践或许会藉此获得强有力的制度性支撑,同时,一个必须正视的事实是,当今世界的信息化与网络化程度不断提高。在互联网时代背景下,对"互联网——政府信息公开——公众参与"三者之间的关系进行一番尝试性解读,或许会有特殊的意义。     

国际货物贸易中卖方权利瑕疵担保责任之比较--兼评我国《合同法》的相关规定

在国际货物贸易中,对于卖方的权利瑕疵担保责任非常容易产生争议和纠纷,它关系到买卖双方权利义务的范围和双方的切身利益,是合同法律制度中一个值得密切关注的重要问题。《德国民法典》、美国《统一商法典》和《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中关于卖方权利瑕疵担保责任规定,我国合同法应借鉴前三者的长处。     

The effects of the second Intifada,terrorist acts,and economic changes on adolescent crime rates in Israel: A research note

Designed as a field quasi-experiment, this study analyzes the differences in Jewish adolescent crime rates before and after the inception of the second Intifada (September, 2000). Data covers the years between 1996 and 2003. The study focused on the relationship between the number of terrorist acts, the number of deaths in these acts, economic changes, and crime rates (murder, manslaughter, assault, mugging and robbery and property-related). The findings of the study were analyzed in terms of current theories on the impact of social and security-related stress on adolescents. The results show that the second Intifada has had significant effects on male adolescent crime rates. In particular, the number of terrorist acts was significantly associated with the following offences: assault, robbery, and manslaughter. No significant differences were found for adolescent female crime rates. Economic changes were significantly negatively related both to male adolescent crime for all the offences studied, as well as to property-related female offences.     

道路危险货物运输事故原因分析与对策研究

近年来，我国道路危险货物运输事故频繁发生，给国家经济、人民生活和环境保护造成极大的影响。本文在介绍典型事故案例的基础上，对我国危险货物运输事故原因进行了深入分析，认为法规制定不完善、管理和监督不到住、从业人员素质低下、运输车辆技术状况差及路况与环境影响等方面是导致事故频发的根本原因，并针对原因给出了相应的对策。     

吉林省民间组织发展现状及对策研究——基于政府的视角

我省民间组织发展还处于初级阶段，但发展潜力巨大。在民间组织发展的过程中，政府应该对其提高认识，加以支持，减少干预，使民间组织健康有序的发展，在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中发挥应有的作用。本文在调查研究的基础上，总结了我省民间组织发展的现状，指出了我省民间组织存在的问题，并提出了相应的建议。     

A note on the aggregation of slack and shortage in centrally planned economies

This note attempts to identify the key methodological problems that remain unsolved in the controversy about the aggregation of slack and shortage in disequilibrium econometric models of centrally planned economies (CPEs). The procedure of ‘smoothing by aggregation’ implemented by Burkett (1988) is critically reviewed and found wanting, despite possible attribution to Kornai (1980) for justification. We argue that the procedure neglects the problems of resource immobility and hoarding that have prevailed in CPEs. Even from a neo-Keynesian perspective, it is at odds with a rigorous microeconomics of rationing that takes into full account the substitution and income effects of spillovers. One important issue is that saving may actually be reduced because of a tightening of the ration. These considerations throw serious doubt on the validity of the smooth trade-off between slack and shortage that forms the basis for econometric estimation and lead to concern that the Walrasian configuration cannot be identified from the estimation results.     

法律职业伦理现状及其培育——以实证调研数据为基础

通过对法律职业共同体成员的约束和引导,法律职业伦理能够促进共同体成员的自律,有利于提高其道德水平和综合素质,有利于腐败遏制和公正司法,对于法治建设具有重要意义。调研显示,法律职业群体,尤其是律师遵守职业伦理状况不容乐观。实践中存在律师乱收费、虚假承诺、虚假宣传,公检法人员办理人情案现象等;这些行为对法律职业群体的形象产生影响。通过加强法律职业伦理教育、对法律职业群体进行职业伦理培训、引导等方式加强法律职业伦理的培育,能够促进法律人的职业化和法治建设。     

我国政府信息资源管理的现状及完善——以美国联邦政府制度经验为参照

政府掌握的信息数量庞大,且质量要求较高,如何管理、综合开发和有效利用这些信息资源成为对政府工作的新挑战。信息资源管理通过时信息活动的有效管理与运作,使信息的周期运动能够更好地完成政府任务、实现绩效目标。我国应结合实际不足,借鉴国外先进经验,对政府信息资源管理问题与相关制度建设进行梳理。     

我国地方税权的确立及其运行机制研究

The local tax rights is not only related to national and social stability,but also conducive to the healthy functioning local government authorities. To devide tax power scientific and normative,it should strive to combine the central right diligently leading with moderate local power. It means the division of tax power should take full account of the power demand and financial expenditure of local governments. To wisely and rationally choose a main local tax category,we should reform and adjust the local s...     

道路危险品运输管理行政执法中的问题及对策

近年来,我国相继颁布实施了一系列涉及道路危险货物运输安全管理的法律、法规和标准,初步形成了危险品管理法律法规体系,有力地保障道路危险货物运输行业的健康发展。但是,随着道路危险货物运输市场日趋复杂化与多元化,道路危险货物运输管理执法工作中面临新的问题。本文分别从道路危险货物运输管理依据的法律法规、执法力度、多头管理等方面分析了当前执法工作中存在的问题,并提出一些相应的解决方法。     

欧盟过境货物知识产权保护最新态势——兼评欧洲法院“NOKIA”案和“PHILLIPS”案

自2008年10月以来,在欧盟一些海关屡屡发生过境货物遭到扣押的事件,尤其是荷兰海关屡次扣押印度等国的过境药品,引起国际社会的极大关注.英国和比利时法院分别在审理“NOKIA”案和“PHIILIPS”案过程中对过境货物是否扣押产生疑问,并向欧洲法院提出咨询.近期欧洲法院对两案合并审理,做出一项里程碑意义的判决,厘清了过境货物、 “虚拟制造”理论等基本问题,对欧盟海关的知识产权执法和法院司法都有很好的指导作用,对于我国政府和企业也不无裨益.     

我国公共政策失灵问题研究综述

政策失灵是世界各国共有的现象。我国学界主要从理论和实践两个方面分析了政策失灵的内涵、类型、成因、对策等,不断加深对政策失灵问题的认识。但目前政策失灵研究还存在基本概念界定不清、理论创新不足、视角较为狭窄、研究深度不够等问题。深化政策失灵研究,需要在学理上对其内涵进行清晰界定,构建政策失灵的分析模型;将政策失灵与政策过程相结合,将思辨分析与实证分析相结合,分析政策失灵的具体表现、内在机理、应对思路,增强政策失灵分析的中国特色和理论创新。     

Privacy,stigma and public protection: A socio-legal analysis of criminality information practices in the UK

Criminality information practices involve public authorities in the UK (and elsewhere) gathering, retaining and sharing information that connects with an identifiable individual; all with the ostensible aim of upholding and improving standards of public protection. This piece first charts the landscape of contemporary criminality information practices in the UK today. The article then examines recent legal emphases and policy directions for public protection networks. Consideration is then given in the piece to privacy rights and values and the difficulties in providing an exact typology and grounding for these. The piece then outlines a suggested framework for correct legal regulation, as well as a through commentary on the work done by Catherine Bellamy et al. to empirically determine the extent to which public protection information sharing can in fact occur in correct adherence to legal regulation. A socio-legal analysis is undertaken of the nature of public protection networks as variants on Goffman's performance teams within a dramaturgical routine that foregrounds stigmatisation of perceived ‘risky’ individuals as an aspect of that routine. This piece also explores the processes of institutional isomorphism as a reaction to shifting policy directions and legal doctrines, acting as a driving force towards a hierarchical performance of criminality information practices by public protection networks. Three conclusions are offered up for consideration: firstly, that the growing complexity of the law and regulation relating to criminality information practices might improve privacy values in the criminal justice system and help to add precision to necessary processes of stigmatisation in relation to the aim of public protection. Secondly, that these shifts in the law still need ongoing revisions, in order that a hierarchical approach to criminality information practices can be arrived at over time. Thirdly, that if the permanency of potential stigmatisation through the indefinite retention of criminality information cannot change, due to the competing pressure on the criminal justice system from public protection duties, then consultation with ‘risky’ individuals where practicable, before criminality information connected to them is shared across public protection networks becomes essential as a privacy-enhancing value and practice.     

A quantitative method for estimation of volume changes in arachnoid foveae with age

Age-related changes of arachnoid foveae have been described, but objective, quantitative analyses are lacking. A new quantitative method is presented for estimation of change in total volume of arachnoid foveae with age. The pilot sample consisted of nine skulls from the Palmer Anatomy Laboratory. Arachnoid foveae were filled with sand, which was extracted using a vacuum pump. Mass was determined with an analytical balance and converted to volume. A reliability analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The method was found to be highly reliable (intraobserver ICC = 0.9935, interobserver ICC = 0.9878). The relationship between total volume and age was then examined in a sample of 63 males of accurately known age from the Hamann-Todd collection. Linear regression analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between total volume and age, or foveae frequency and age (alpha = 0.05). Development of arachnoid foveae may be influenced by health factors, which could limit its usefulness in aging.     

发展中国家药品平行进口和药品可及性问题初探

本文从平行进口成因及理论分歧入手 ,结合药品问题的特殊性 ,提出发展中国家在药品的平行进口问题中应采用的策略 ,并结合中国的实际情况 ,认为在公共健康危机的状况下 ,有限制地使用平行进口策略符合中国的利益选择。     

《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》在公共场所卫生行政处罚中的适用问题及解决对策

《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》已实施一年多,该实施细则较1991年版实施细则从立法规范到立法内容均有较明显进步。但通过这一年多的执法实践,仍发现该实施细则在适用时存在一些问题。本文针对行政执法实践中在适用法条时遇到的问题进行分析,探究其原因,并尝试提出解决对策。同时,期望通过向立法者反馈执法实践中遇到的这些问题,为完善我国卫生行政法律体系略尽绵薄之力。     

民刑交叉视角下的假冒注册商标罪客观要件研究

假冒注册商标罪犯罪构成的客观要件与商标假冒侵权的构成存在交叉,有必要在犯罪客观要件构成的判断中吸收商标假冒侵权的判断标准。商标许可的存在应以合意说为标准,服务商标也应纳入刑法保护,相同商标是视觉上基本无差别的商标。同一种商品的判断以《商标注册用商品和服务国际分类表》《类似商品和服务区分表》为参考,综合考虑一般公众的认识。商标使用的判断需要加入识别来源的功能性考量。如果有证据能够证明双相同也不会导致混淆,则可排除犯罪成立。在商品类别比对中应以核定使用的商品范围为据,但对连续三年不使用的商标不宜提供刑事保护。     

北京市朝阳区检察院1999年度公诉案件量刑的分析研究

据北京市朝阳区检察院提起公诉、朝阳区法院作有罪判决的案件统计分析 ,罚金刑基本上是并科适用 ,并未减少自由刑的适用。没收财产刑适用极少 ,应以罚金刑取代之。管制刑实际上闲置 ,可用缓刑实现管制刑功能。影响量刑的相关因素中 ,户籍地因素的作用值得研究     

法律世界观紊乱时代的司法、民意和政治——以李昌奎案为中心

李昌奎案代表了一类"简单的""难办案件",无论法官如何决策,处理结果都不能取得良好的法律效果和社会效果。该案反映出这是一个法律世界观缺乏整体性和融贯性的时代。民意、司法与政治之间复杂的互动,以及社会对刑事司法系统的不信任,虽非中国特有的问题,但暴露出部分中国司法人员和学者对司法公信力、合法性、稳定性的理解是单维、偏颇的,缺乏健全的司法理念。经由对该案的讨论,本文强调,司法应该弥合而不是加大法律与社会的差距,如果司法要参与社会变革,它必须满足民众对公正的基本心理需求。另一方面,新媒体的兴起,使人们得以在事件流中辨识法律的社会意义,多元的法律世界观有可能获得融贯。