刑事附带民事诉讼当事人的选择权问题及其完善

人民法院受理刑事案件后应当告知有权提起附带民事诉讼的当事人可以提起刑事附带民事诉讼。本文对有权提起附带民事诉讼的当事人有无权利单独另行提起民事诉讼及其选择权的范围问题进行探讨。     

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法缺陷与完善

我国现行刑事附带民事诉讼制度在立法上规定太笼统 ,相关法律规定不统一 ,关于刑事损害赔偿的救济途径的法律规定不全面 ;在司法实践中当事人的民事诉讼权利易被忽视、民事证据规则不能完全适用、审判人员审判观念存有误区等问题 ,导致刑事附带民事诉讼制度的存废成为讨论焦点。在立法上明确程序选择权、解决民事刑事法律在刑事损害赔偿方面的实体法规定、提高刑事审判人员的综合专业素质 ,是刑事附带民事诉讼制度得到完善的途径     

论确立我国刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿的必要性

进入21世纪以来随着社会文明程度的不断提高,法制观念的不断增强,人们也在不断强化对精神利益的自我保护意识,越来越重视对自身价值、尊严和权利的追求,因此精神损害赔偿已经成为我国理论界、司法界以及广大人民群众普遍关注的热点问题。目前,国际上对刑事被害人的人权保障已大大地加强,各国在被害人权益保护的许多方面都已形成共识,有关被害人人权保障的国际标准也在逐步形成。然而,我国立法及司法解释均排除了在刑事附带民事诉讼中被害人精神损害赔偿请求权的行使,这一规定不仅造成现行法律之间的冲突与矛盾,而且也与世界人权发展的趋势相违背,因此在我国刑事诉讼中确立被害人的精神损害赔偿请求权是历史发展的必然趋势。     

在刑事附带民事诉讼中确立精神损害赔偿制度的法律思考

刑事责任与民事责任是两种并行不悖的责任,因而现行司法解释中不允许刑事案件受害人请求精神损害赔偿的规定是不合理的,应当根据我国国情在刑事附带民事诉讼中确立精神损害赔偿制度。     

刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿之探析

随着社会的进步和经济的发展，刑事附带民事诉讼的范围已不能完全适应社会的需要，刑事附带民事诉讼范围中应否包括精神损害赔偿一直是学界争议的问题。本文对刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿进行了分析，并提出了相应的建议。     

刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿之我见

刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿是我国刑事立法中的一项空白,只有加强对刑事附带民事诉讼被害人精神层面上的的抚慰,才更能体现我国社会的公平正义,使刑事诉讼更加完善、合理,切实全面保障受害人这一社会弱势群体的合法利益。     

论刑事附带民事诉讼调解制度的完善

中国正处于经济飞速发展及社会转型的时期,社会矛盾和冲突逐渐凸显,刑事案件不断增多,对司法机关的办案效率提出了更高的要求。刑事附带民事诉讼调解在提高办案质量和效率方面功不可没,但是刑事附带民事诉讼调解制度存在的问题与不足亟待解决,以便更好地发挥调解的积极作用,保障受害人的合法权益,实现保护人权,维护社会稳定的立法目的。     

浅析刑事附带民事诉讼的精神损害赔偿制度

刑事案件的被害人能否要求精神损害赔偿的问题一直存有争议,在我国的法律体系当中也存在着不一致的规定。本文认为应当确立刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度。本文对刑事附带民事诉讼应有精神赔偿的理由和现实意义进行了相关阐述,并建议将精神损害赔偿制度以法律的形式在《刑事诉讼法》中确定下来,明确刑事附带民事诉讼中精神损害赔偿的范围,规范其标准。     

刑事附带民事诉讼适用死亡赔偿金的研究

刑事附带民事诉讼居于刑事诉讼和民事诉讼的交界点上,具有特殊的性质。关于刑事附带民事诉讼中是否应当适用死亡赔偿金的问题因为立法上没用明确的规定导致了各地法院在适用上的不统一。本文旨在对附带民事诉讼特殊性进行探讨,并就死亡赔偿金的性质,以及适用死亡赔偿金的合理性问题进行研究。     

析刑事附带民事诉讼中精神损害赔偿问题

现行的刑事法律及司法解释规定,不受理受害人及近亲属在刑事附带民事诉讼中提起的精神损害赔偿诉讼,很不合理。我国应构建既符合刑事诉讼特点又与民法相协调的刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度。     

Demand for civil trials and court congestion

This paper examines interactions between how congested courts are, whether potential plaintiffs decide to sue, and whether potential defendants choose to engage in actions that harm potential plaintiffs. We conclude that in the presence of congestion standard delay reduction efforts (higher filing costs, lower damage awards, out-of-court settlement, greater court capacity) may not be effective.     

确立沉默权之研讨

尽管目前人们对沉默权的概念有不同的认识,但在刑事诉讼法中规定犯罪嫌疑人享有沉默权则有其理论基础和诉讼价值,因而是十分必要的,同时也具备了一定的法制环境.关于规定沉默权的立法模式,主要有修改法条法、案外除外法、特别事项例外法、特殊情形例外法、不利推论法等建议,然而笔者认为,在我国现有条件下首先应确立"有限沉默权"原则,并且从起诉阶段起赋予犯罪嫌疑人以沉默权,据此,可在现行刑事诉讼法的基础上对相关条文作出适当修改.     

The right to counsel in juvenile court

Research Summary The U.S. Supreme Court in In re Gault granted delinquents the right to counsel in juvenile courts. Decades after Gault, efforts to provide adequate defense representation in juvenile courts have failed in most states. Moreover, juvenile justice administration varies with structural context and produces justice-by-geography. In 1995, Minnesota enacted juvenile law reforms, which include mandatory appointment of counsel. This pre- and post-reform legal impact study compares how juvenile courts processed youths before and after the statutory changes. We assess how legal changes affected the delivery of defense services and how implementation varied with urban, suburban, and rural context. Policy Implications We report inconsistent judicial compliance with the mandate to appoint counsel. Despite unambiguous legislative intent, rates of representation improved for only one category of offenders. However, we find a positive reduction in justice by geography, especially in rural courts. Given judicial resistance to procedural reforms, states must find additional strategies to provide counsel in juvenile courts.     

The idea of selective release

We interviewed 203 juvenile inmates housed in a juvenile corrections facility in New Orleans, using a revised version of the Rand instrument developed by Chaiken and Chaiken. The purpose was to demonstrate how prediction scales, used in the past to identify high-rate offenders for selective incapacitation, actually may be more suitable for identifying low-rate offenders for selective release. Our results show that the prediction scale performed worse at identifying high-rate offenders but better at identifying low-rate offenders. We discuss the policy implications of our findings.     

When a corporation rapes: perceptions of rape in civil court for corporate defendants

In recent years, the coupling of poor outcomes for rape victims in criminal court and the widening scope of legal responsibility for sexual assault has prompted plaintiffs to file civil suits for rape against corporations. Unfortunately, we know little about juror perception of civilly litigated rape against corporate defendants and most jury research involving corporate defendants concerns non-sexual injury cases (e.g. premises liability, automobile accidents). With the increasing number of corporations being sued civilly for rape, we need to understand how civil juries perceive these cases. The present study investigated mock jurors’ perceptions of a fictional civil rape trial against a hotel. Community members (N?=?155) read one of three trial summaries: Civil rape trial against the alleged perpetrator, civil rape trial against a hotel, or criminal rape trial. Results indicate females have higher pro-plaintiff judgments than males in civil court, perceptions of greed typically associated with civil litigation apply to rape, and favorable plaintiff decisions are most likely against a corporate defendant. Also, mental models suggest mock jurors conceptualize criminal and civil rape cases against an individual similarly. We discuss our results in terms of psychological, legal and practical expectations when suing for rape.     

当事人陈述的制度化处理

在我国民事诉讼立法和司法实践中 ,当事人陈述被定位于证据形式的角色上 ,重形式轻运作是其显见的缺陷 ,这种传统的定位方法导致了当事人陈述制度的逻辑矛盾及程序功能的萎缩。对当事人陈述进行以充实程序规则为核心的制度化分析有利于强化其程序功能。具体地 ,通过询问当事人和听取当事人本人陈述两种程序运作增强当事人陈述的程序驱动力 ,藉此能达到明确诉讼关系、沟通信息、整理争点、形成心证等诉讼目的。     

试论民事诉讼中的紧急命令

<民事诉讼法>是保障民事实体法实施的重要法律,其体系的完备程度直接关系当事人实体权利的实现.我国<民事诉讼法>中没有规定紧急命令,致使当事人的部分民事权利不能实现.本文从紧急命令与先予执行、财产保全的区别入手,阐述在<民事诉讼法>中设立紧急命令的意义和紧急命令的主要内容.