Introduction: The Intellectual Future of the Concept of Staatswissenschaften

Introduction

Introduction: The Intellectual Future of the Concept of Staatswissenschaften     

论当代中华民族精神

当代中华民族精神乃是由中华民族的传统精神、全人类精神和马克思主义精神这三股精神融汇而成 ,经由邓小平理论融为一体。它具有强大的凝聚力、生命力和创造力。当代中华民族精神的基本特征是传统与现代的统一、东方文化与西方文化的统一、革新与渐进的统一。当代中华民族精神的丰富内涵表现为 :求新的批判精神、求实的科学精神和求善求美的人格精神     

The Multifaceted Balance of the Concept of Staatswissenschaften in the Tradition of the Historical School

The article critcizes recent contributions which argue that the historical school was neither German, nor historical, nor a school. Instead, the historical school has a pronounced multifaceted basis which is mostly ignored in the recent literature. Some of these multifaceted dimensions are briefly highlighted. Finally, the practical relevance of the approach is discussed by referring to some recent economic policy issues.     

消费者概念的法律解析——兼论我国《消法》第2条的修改

消费者概念的界定是正确适用《消费者权益保护法》①的前提,我国应适应经济社会结构的变化,确立农村消费者与金融消费者主体资格。消费者主体资格的判断应遵循主体要件标准、经营者控制力所及范围标准和客观行为标准。研究表明,经济因素与社会因素均影响消费者概念的变迁。消费者概念可重新界定为:购买、使用商品或接受服务非用于经营性行为的人。     

民初时论中法治精神管窥

民国初期,时人结合社会实际,以报刊杂志为阵地,学理诠释了法治思想的主要内涵,如界定法治概念,厘清法治与人治、德治关系,确立法治基本原则与追求完美法治形式等。同时,深入批判法治实施过程中立法、执法与守法等方面形式与精神的悖离,并积极探索完善法治的实施途经,欲藉构建完备法治理论、培育法治精神、提倡政府主导、增强政党作用等以达到建立完美法治社会之目的。     

On the Complexity and Accuracy of Geographic Profiling Strategies

Geographic profilers have access to a repertoire of strategies for predicting a serial offenders home location. These strategies range in complexity—some involve more calculations to implement than others—and the assumption often made is that more complex strategies will outperform simpler strategies. In the present study, we tested the relationship between the complexity and accuracy of 11 strategies. Data were crime site and home locations of 16 UK residential burglars who had committed 10 or more crimes each. The results indicated that strategy complexity was not positively related to accuracy. This was also found to be the case across tasks that ranged in complexity (where complexity was determined by the number of crimes used to make a prediction). Implications for police policies and procedures, as well as our understanding of human decision-making, are discussed.To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +1-709-737-3101; E-mail: bsnook@play.psych.mun.ca     

论《行政诉讼法》修改与法治行政理念

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》（以下简称为《行诉法》）施行20多年来,不断遇到新的情况和新的问题,其修改成为必须推进的课题。对于法制度改革来说,须有实务界和理论界的富有成效的意见交换,而对《行诉法》修改过程中所涉及的焦点或者难点问题进行梳理并展开系统性研究,包括对行政诉讼公共性价值的确认,对充分利用现有资源的评价分析,对修法的必要性、拓展受案范围、实现诉讼类型化、设置行政公益诉讼、完善审级管辖制度等进行思考,对诉讼程序的创新与整合、司法解释的定位等进行探索,则是《行诉法》修改工作得以顺利推进的重要支撑。     

浅议“违宪”的慎用

违宪，一般指违反宪法的行为。四川两位律师认为《娱乐场所管理条例》禁止四类人从业于娱乐场所属违宪之结论经不起推敲，有使“违宪”泛化之嫌疑，同时又曲解了宪法与部门法及行政法规的关系，误解了我国以宪法为主导地位的法律体系所蕴含的“一般情况下，法无明文禁止均可行”的内在精神。在任何情况下，对违宪都应当慎重使用。     

Human eye colour and HERC2, OCA2 and MATP

Prediction of human eye colour by forensic genetic methods is of great value in certain crime investigations. Strong associations between blue/brown eye colour and the SNP loci rs1129038 and rs12913832 in the HERC2 gene were recently described. Weaker associations between eye colour and other genetic markers also exist. In 395 randomly selected Danes, we investigated the predictive values of various combinations of SNP alleles in the HERC2, OCA2 and MATP (SLC45A2) genes and compared the results to the eye colours as they were described by the individuals themselves. The highest predictive value of typing either the HERC2 SNPs rs1129038 and/or rs12913832 that are in strong linkage disequilibrium was observed when eye colour was divided into two groups, (1) blue, grey and green (light) and (2) brown and hazel (dark). Sequence variations in rs11636232 and rs7170852 in HERC2, rs1800407 in OCA2 and rs16891982 in MATP showed additional association with eye colours in addition to the effect of HERC2 rs1129038. Diplotype analysis of three sequence variations in HERC2 and one sequence variation in OCA2 showed the best discrimination between light and dark eye colours with a likelihood ratio of 29.3.     

宪法的社会学观

社会学意义的宪法结构立足于保障自由的公共权力机关与依据私法组织起来的经济社会之间的关系 ,国家与社会的分离是宪法关系得以确立的前提 ,公域与私域的界分是限权政府的存在基础 ,公权与私权的对峙是古典基本权利的宪法表现 ,社会权利是国家与社会相互渗透的产物。     

相对破产立法模式——一个新概念的提出

鉴于传统破产法律理论及制度在我国的实践中暴露出来的局限性、封闭性及非效率性等深层次缺陷 ,亟需研究创建一种全新的相对破产立法模式 ,即在法院受理破产申请后于破产宣告前 ,将破产企业整体视为法律拟制的债权人的破产财产 ,由兼并人与债权人依照市场规则进行交易的模式。这种将兼并楔入破产程序的制度设计 ,其特殊功效在于 :将破产企业的债拟制成为可操作的搏奕状态 ,这既可使制度系统功能开放以及市场主体地位回归 ,又可提升破产内在利益驱动机制 ,还可从理论上解决债的一般价值与特殊形态的互补与转换等问题。     

Judicial precedents in civil law systems: A dynamic analysis

This paper uses a simple dynamic model to describe the evolution of judicial decision making in civil law systems. Unlike the common law systems, civil law jurisdictions do not adopt a stare decisis principle in adjudication. In deciding any given legal issue, precedents serve a persuasive role. Civil law courts are expected to take past decisions into account when there is a sufficient level of consistency in case law. Generally speaking, when uniform case law develops, courts treat precedents as a source of “soft” law, taking them into account when reaching a decision. The higher the level of uniformity in past precedents, the greater the persuasive force of case law. Although civil law jurisdictions do not allow dissenting judges to attach a dissent to a majority opinion, cases that do not conform to the dominant trend serve as a signal of dissent among the judiciary. These cases influence future decisions in varying ways in different legal traditions. Judges may also be influenced by recent jurisprudential trends and fads in case law. The evolution of case law under these doctrines of precedents is modeled, considering the possibility for consolidation or corrosion of legal remedies and the permanence of unsettled case law.     

论公众生态法治观念的培育

公众生态法治观念的培育对建设生态文明社会意义重大,生态法治观念具有丰富的内涵与深厚的伦理基础,由于历史与文化等原因,目前,我国公众的生态法治观念还十分淡薄.本文认为,开展全民生态教育,确立公民环境权和完善生态立法与执法,是培育公众生态法治观念的重要途径.     

马克思对现代性法哲学的批判与超越

马克思虽然曾经受过启蒙的现代性法权哲学的影响,但实践中的困扰使得他走向了对现代性法权哲学的批判。自由、平等、理性的现代性价值在市民社会理论的批判下只具有抽象的形式化特征,而在经济学的生活的生产和资本等概念的剖析下则原形毕露,交换领域的平等一旦进入生产领域马上被不平等取代。而马克思的实践论思维方式更是对启蒙的现代性价值具有一种整体性批判的功能,实践论的法哲学本身就是批判的法哲学。     

“紧急状态”、“战争状态”概念及辨析

紧急状态和战争状态是我国法律必须明确却而尚未明确的两个概念。紧急状态是相当程度危险下的一国国内的社会状态 ;依据不同的标准 ,可以对其外延作不同划分。战争状态可以从传统国际法和国内法两个层次上理解。紧急状态和战争状态的关系取决于一国法律对紧急状态的界定和在什么意义上阐述战争状态。     

公正司法中的刑法解释理念

公正司法要求树立正确的刑法解释理念。正确地解释刑法,应当在坚持罪刑法定原则的前提下兼顾罪刑均衡原则,采取以主观解释论为主,客观解释论为辅的立场。解释刑法一方面要求解释过程符合可预测性,另一方面也应重视解释结论的妥当性。     

The environmental rights entered in the constitutions： A critique

Although environmental law is a relatively a new field of scholarship in South Africa, it is growing rapidly. The right to access to social security including environmental rights is found in the South African Bill of Rights, is being amplified by legislative and constitutional reforms, and developing case law in the courts. There is therefore a clear need to increase the understanding of the discipline through systematic research and teaching at various levels.1 The notion of including an “environmental right” in a domestic constitution is not novel in Africa. Most African countries have incorporated a constitutional provision that ensures the right to a healthy environment. Most of the problems that exist with environmental rights under the international and regional systems are absent under the domestic South African system. The way in which environmental rights have been formulated in international instruments, section 24 of the South African Constitution has been framed as an individual right and not as a collective one. Environmental degradation often affects groups of people and it could consequently argue that the right should protect groups and not just individuals.2     

从国际法的视角看我国当前人民币汇率政策的合法性

经济全球化对各国货币主权都产生了很大的冲击和影响。近来,我国的人民币汇率问题不断遭到西方国家的指控和非难。但是,从国际法的视角看,我国当前的货币政策是行使国家货币主权的一项重要内容和方式,符合IMF和WTO协定等国际法律文件的规范性要求,具有“合法性”。西方国家指责我国的汇率政策违反IMF和WTO协定是站不住脚的,干涉了我国的货币主权,而且缺乏国际法上的依据。     

论国家权力机关行使监督权的界限

国家权力机关对国家行政、审判和检察机关正确行使监督权,应根据被监督的三机关的性质和特点进行监督,其界限是既保证三机关依法履行自己的职责,又使国家权力机关不失职不越权。这对实施依法治国方略,推进民主与法制建设具有重要意义。