俄罗斯学者对中国政治的权威主义与民主问题的认识与思考

转型时期中国经济中的市场关系和政治民主应在强有力政权的领导下稳步向前推进.在改革政策上,首先选择经济改革而不是政治改革作为执政党和政府努力的优先方向,具有特殊的社会文化意义.对于中国这样一个大国而言,地区之间的经济、社会与历史文化差别很大,因此妥善处理中央与地方的关系就成为国家民主化进程中不可回避的重要问题.中国完全有能力寻找一条既符合中国的文化历史传统和民族特性,同时又体现其内部极大差异性的政治社会民主化道路.     

The Era of Soft Authoritarianism Is Over

Anwar Ibrahim is former deputy prime minister of Malaysia, now on trial for sedition and sodomy. This article appeared on Anwar's web site and in The Asian Wall Street Journal at the time of the APEC meeting in Kaula Lumpur in mid-November.     

Beyond Authoritarianism: The Conceptualization of Hybrid Regimes

This paper appraises the state of the field on hybrid regimes by depicting the tensions and blurred boundaries of democracy and authoritarianism “with adjectives.” An alternative conceptualization and ordering of regimes are subsequently introduced using a configurative approach. Rather than place regimes on a linear continuum from authoritarianism to democracy, it highlights the multi-dimensional arrangements possible for the construction of regime types. The configurative approach also provides an analytically useful way to measure and integrate hybrid regimes into our classificatory schemes. As a result, it helps alleviate the conceptual confusion in the literature and contributes to a discussion of hybrid regimes beyond the framework of authoritarianism. The paper concludes by presenting a list of all hybrid regimes in the world between 1990 and 2009 identified with this method.     

权威主义的终结与中国政治的渐进发展

1949年以来,中国政治经历了以权威主义为重要特征的发展阶段。在权威主义时代,领导人个人的意志和判断在很大程度上决定着党和国家的发展方向,政治发展跌宕起伏,具有极大的不稳定性。随着权威主义领导人的离去,中国逐步过渡到后权威主义时代。在后权威主义时代,领导人的政治基础和权力效应相对薄弱,决策的科学化、民主化成为主要趋势。政治的渐进发展将成为检验政治发展健康与否的重要标志。     

论俄罗斯政体

本文以俄罗斯政治转轨中立法机构与行政机构的关系为视角,结合俄罗斯历史文化因素,探究俄罗斯政体的形成及其特点.俄罗斯总统制的确立是立法权和行政权权力划分矛盾激化的历史结果.俄罗斯宪法的特点是体现宪政精神.俄罗斯的国家权力体制以总统制为核心.叶利钦时代后期和普京时代俄罗斯政体的完善问题成为俄罗斯政治的焦点问题.     

Promoting Democracy and Promoting Authoritarianism: Comparing the Cases of Belarus and Slovakia

Although scholars have made great progress over the last few years studying the international dimension of democratisation, questions remain about this complex relationship, especially about the understudied area of external promotion of authoritarianism. This article seeks to develop more refined understanding of specific mechanisms linking one type of external involvement, financial assistance, to regime change. Financial assistance can increase the capabilities of either pro-democratic or pro-authoritarian elites and therefore contribute to regime change. These mechanisms are examined by looking at democracy assistance in Slovakia and Belarus and Russia's support for authoritarianism in Belarus.     

Restoring Fiscal Balances Post the Global Economic Crisis in Botswana

This article discusses the restoration of fiscal balances in Botswana after prolonged deficit financing. Botswana is a diamond-export-dependent country; resultantly, it suffered revenue losses due to depressed demand for diamonds during the global economic crisis. Reduced revenues necessitated deficit financing between 2008/09 and 2011/12. Debt was financed through dissaving and borrowing. However, the government restored budget balances in April 2012. While this case study is Botswana-specific, there are general lessons. These are: using a crisis to introduce public finance reforms; eschewing populism aimed at short-term gains; and the need for politicians to take very bold decisions to guide fiscal policy.