Consultation and Contest: The Danger of Mixing Modes

This paper argues that public consultative procedures undertaken by governments or their public services sometimes go awry because of certain confusions as to the nature and purposes of consultation. One of the most important of these is a tendency to view consultation as an exercise in policy determination by the public rather than as public input into the representative democratic process whose ultimate use is to be defined by the elected decision-makers. The result of this confusion is a tendency to misunderstand or overestimate what public consultations can achieve, and a failure to make a distinction between occasions when such consultations are useful and occasions when they must give way to explicit political contest. Three levels of activity — the technical, the transactional and the political — are analytically distinguished along with the modes of action-response appropriate to each — in order to explain and clarify the nature of good consultative practice.     

纳米技术给身体健康带来的潜在危害及其规避措施

纳米技术作为21世纪最有影响的技术之一,正在以前所未有的发展趋势影响人类生活的方方面面。纳米技术在给人类带来丰硕成果的同时,对人类的身体健康也造成了潜在的威胁。本文从外界向人体输入、输入到人体过程和输入人体之后三个方面分析了纳米材料有可能会对人体健康造成影响,并在分析以上过程潜在风险的基础上提出相应的规避措施来避免其对人类社会造成的危害。这样也就可以更合理地发挥纳米技术的优势,使纳米技术朝着有利于人类社会、为人类造福的方向发展。     

媒杀!1946

"八·一五"光复.国民党抢夺抗战果实,哈尔滨云谲波诡,各方势力粉墨登场. "雪狼行动"暗杀残忍,我党针锋相对,坚决斗争.李兆麟九次遭暗杀,将军之死,扑朔迷离.真凶落网,拨云见日,寒江春晓,曙光普照……