The Role of Social Scientists in Accelerating Innovation in Regenerative Medicine

The expertise of social scientists is vital in the field of regenerative medicine. By providing a comprehensive framework to include both technology and market conditions, as well as considering social, economic, and ethical values, they can inform policy decisions and influence the rate and direction of progress in new medical research. This paper deals with four potential conditions to which social science should pay special attention and assess: market conditions, technological opportunities, mechanisms of appropriability, and risk regulation of products and practices. The interplay of these factors must be understood as providing the right environment for this paradigm to progress. More empirical evidence is necessary to validate these factors in their international context, and this assigns a pivotal role to these experts.     

新时期大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养

21世纪国际竞争日益激化,其本质就是创新型人才的竞争。创新教育是创新型人才培养的前提,而高等教育在创新型人才的培养中起着至关重要的作用,必须要从创意性的课堂教学、结合创业教育开展创新教育、依托大学科技园进行大学生科技创新素质的培养等途径,充分发挥高校对大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养作用。     

University Technology Transfer and Manufacturing Innovation: The Case of Italy

This article analyzes the influence of universities on Italian firms' probability to innovate. Using firm‐level data, we focus on institutionalized technology transfer (TT) activities in universities, namely spin‐offs, patents, and research contracts. Results show that TT activities play a significant role in the probability to innovate by Italian manufacturing firms located in the same province as the university. Nevertheless, the effect is not uniform: the contribution of university TT activities to the probability of firms' innovating is concentrated in certain territorial areas (North‐East and Center) and sectors (science based and scale intensive) and among firms that are large.     

Urban Government Innovation: Identifying Current Innovations and Factors that Contribute to Their Adoption

This article presents two new sets of information regarding local government innovation. Using survey techniques, the research establishes a list of 22 modern local government innovations and identifies what are considered by local government professionals to be the top three mainstream local government innovations and cities leading in their usage. The research uses statistical techniques and previous research on the topic to test what effect factors related to the 100 most populated U.S. cities have on innovation usage. Among other variables, consistency, the population size, size of the advantaged population, and number of Democratic voters are found to be positively related to innovation on usage by cities.     

Political Decentralization and Technological Innovation: Testing the Innovative Advantages of Decentralized States

Are politically decentralized states better at fostering long‐run technological innovation than centralized states? Societies with decentralized governments are widely seen as agile, competitive, and well structured to adapt to innovation's gale of creative destruction. Meanwhile, centralized states, even when democratic, have come to be viewed as rigid and thus hostile to the risks, costs, and change associated with new technology, or prone to cling too long to foolhardy or outdated technological projects. Therefore government decentralization is often perceived as a necessary institutional foundation for encouraging long‐run technological innovation. However, in this article, I analyze data on international patent activity, scientific publications, and high‐technology exports, and show that there exists little evidence for an aggregate relationship between government structure and technological innovation.     

Innovation Agents in the Public Sector: Applying Champion and Promotor Theory to Explore Innovation in the Australian Public Service

Innovation is critical to organisational success and is a process steered, and potentially thwarted, by individuals. However, despite the importance of public sector innovation given the complexity of policy issues faced and the sector's specific contextual features, our understanding of innovation processes in government requires expansion. This study, using in‐depth case analyses of three Australian Public Service agencies, focuses on understanding the ‘human component’ of the innovation process by drawing on both innovation champion and promotor theories to explore, through the lens of organisational power, how multiple human agents progress public sector innovations. The results highlight the key, and often tandem, roles of individuals at multiple organisational levels who work to inspire and motivate others to progress an innovation (champions) and those with specific power bases who help overcome organisational barriers to innovation (promotors).     

图书馆管理工作与创新服务

图书馆是进行思想道德教育,爱国主义传统教育的重要阵地。作为知识的收藏者、储存者、承载者、中转者和传播者,在当今知识就是力量的社会中起着举足轻重的作用。随着图书馆如雨后春笋般出现,图书馆的管理和服务事务变得越来越繁杂,科技日新月异,社会跨步向前,传统的图书馆管理和服务模式已经不能适应社会发展的需求,即满足不了现在人们对图书馆的需要;为了不断满足人们对图书馆的新要求,同时也是作为为思想教育和科研工作提供服务的信息机构,这就要充分利用现有的技术信息、图书、报刊资料等这一既有的优势,开展形式多样的管理和服务模式。在此,结合平时工作,对图书管理工作与创新服务谈几点体会。     

Determinants and directions for Chinese weapons imports

This article assesses and presents the determinants and directions of Chinese acquisitions of weapons and weapons technology from abroad, focusing on major conventional weapons and their relevant technologies. Following a brief development of historical themes which continue to affect Chinese military‐related imports today, the study considers the principal contemporary domestic and international determinants which contribute to shaping Chinese arms import policies, and the type of foreign arms acquisitions likely to result from those policies. In analysing past and current security policies, weapons development policies, foreign weapons procurement policies, the study reaches four main conclusions. First, a wide range of problems — including prohibitive cost, political and bureaucratic infighting, absorptive capacities, managerial and administrative roadblocks, and supplier controls — stand in the way of a Chinese military modernization strategy based on foreign procurement. Second, with the exception of Sino‐Soviet cooperation in the 1950s, Chinese arms and arms technology acquisitions from abroad have consistently been relatively modest, sporadic, and problematic. Even in the case of current transfers from such suppliers as Israel and Russia, it is unclear the extent to which these countries are willing to part with significant amounts of top‐of‐the‐line systems and technologies. Third, the impact upon international security of the improvement of Chinese military capability through the acquisition of foreign weapons and technology is not likely to manifest itself in violent military disruptiveness, but rather in the nuanced and steady expansion of Chinese power and influence in parts of East Asia around China's periphery. Fourth, the military capabilities of China's arms clients will probably not be significantly improved through the acquisition of foreign weapons and weapons technologies by China. In sum, Chinese military modernization through arms and technology imports will continue to be a slow and painful process.     

Innovation in the Public Sector

Why does the public sector innovate, how should the public sector innovate, and, even more basically, should the public sector innovate? These are some of the questions that these contributions explore and to which they provide some salutary answers. Martin Stewart‐Weeks, an independent consultant working at the intersection of government, innovation, and technology, draws some lessons from his direct experience and advisory work about how the public sector catches the innovation ‘bug’ and turns it into in‐ spired action. From infection to inspiration to implementation, the public sector needs to lower its defences and put itself ‘in harm's way’ to engage with innovators and new ideas. Tim Kastelle, one of Australia's leading innovation scholars and practitioners, sets out some practical ways that the public sector can extend and entrench its innovation practice. These include managing innovation as a process, shifting the risk equation, and experimenting.     

东亚现代化进程中的知识阶层

随着东亚现代化的推进 ,技术和知识日益成为改变人们心智和生活的重要力量 ,增强了东亚知识阶层在经济社会发展中的作用 ,也前所未有地为他们提供了获取经济利益与实现自我价值的历史机遇。 2 1世纪 ,东亚知识阶层面临的主要考验和挑战是 :不再充当西方科技和文化的二传手 ,而要成为带有东亚出产标记的知识文化产品的创造者 ,切实推进东亚现代化模式从引进模仿到开发创新的转变     

State of the Arts and Innovation: Before and After the Review of the National Innovation System

This article examines the relationship between the arts and national innovation policy in Australia, pivoting around the  Venturous Australia  report released in September 2008 as part of the Review of the National Innovation System (RNIS). This came at a time of optimism that the arts sector would be included in Australia's federal innovation policy. However, despite the report's broad vision for innovation and specific commentary on the arts, the more ambitious hopes of arts sector advocates remained unfulfilled. This article examines the entwining discourses of creativity and innovation which emerged globally and in Australia prior to the RNIS, before analysing  Venturous Australia  in terms of the arts and the ongoing science-and-technology bias to innovation policy. It ends by considering why sector-led policy research and lobbying has to date proved unsuccessful and then suggests what public policy development is now needed.     

Innovation with public administration in Turkey

Public administration can play an important role in achieving a sustainable global competition level for this country through innovative services （Ozhaseki, 2006, p. 29）, to which there is a rising demand in the name of competition, globalization and new necessities of the society （Tosun, 2006, p. 19）. However, ＂innovation does not just happen＂ （Streib ＆ Willoughby, 2005, p. 83）. This paper tries to search for conditions of developing innovation with public administration in Turkey. To start with, organizational leadership, collaboration and good communication are needed to enable joint development of innovation, for example, to increase computer and information literacy, access to the Internet, and demonstrate the value of using the Internet （OECD, 2006, pp. 6, 9） Financial incentives for developing innovation by public organizations to share their solutions could also be considered.     

试论爱因斯坦科学创新活动的人文基础

爱因斯坦在科学创新活动中表现出的创新勇气、创新方法和创新品质,体现了科学文化和人文文化的有机统一;其科学创新活动以哲学、道德学、美学等为基础,达到了融真、善、美于一体的近乎神韵的境界.     

马克思哲学创新实质新探

当前马克思主义哲学研究要创新,首先应突破“以苏解马”、“以恩解马”、“以西解马”的传统解读模式,采用“以马解马”的新模式,直接依据马克思哲学原创的主要文本,重新解读最能代表马克思哲学革命、哲学创新原生形态实质的四部曲,即19世纪40年代中后期马克思哲学一系列重要文本《、资本论》及其三大手稿、马克思晚年为写出《资本论》续篇而作的四组准备材料、在黑格尔《逻辑学》与《资本论》逻辑基础上写出《辩证法》的构想,以期科学说明马克思哲学革命、哲学创新的精神实质及马克思哲学的名称问题。     

略论数字时代的图书情报领域知识产权问题

数字化信息资源建设应处理好文献资料数字化过程中的知识产权问题、均衡知识产权保护与信息资源共享机制。通过开展知识产权教育,提高社会大众的知识产权意识,建立和完善知识产权集体管理制度;并积极开发相应的技术措施,来支持网络环境下对知识产权的保护。     

基于创新能力培养的市场营销学课程教学改革探索

市场营销学的本质要求创新,急剧变化的社会经济环境要求市场营销者必须具备创新性运用市场营销理论解决不断出现的新问题的能力,因而市场营销学课程教学应注重对学生创新能力的培养。为实现该目标,首先应将学生创新能力的培养要求体现在课程教学培养目标规划中,其次应对市场营销学课程内容进行恰当的调整,再次应该在课程教学过程中灵活运用设疑式教学法、情景式教学法、案例教学法及实践教学法等方式方法,最后在课程考核中应该体现出对学生创新能力培养的重视。     

关于高校图书馆服务创新的思考

知识经济时代,我国高校图书服务面临着一系列的问题,为解决这些问题,迫切需要进行服务创新。文章分析了我国高校图书服务创新的必要性,剖析了我国高校图书服务目前存在的问题,提出了高校图书服务创新的对策。     

科技型中小企业发展的资金保证—兼论设立创新基金保进中小型科技企业发展的现实意义

随着我国市场经济体制的建立,技术创新已成为我国各类企业普遍面的紧迫问题,而目前制约企业技术创新的最现实的因素之一就是资金缺乏,创新基金的设立楞可以解决科技形中小企业资金短缺的问题,从而有效地推动我国科技型中小企业技术创新。     

论农村土地制度的创新

城乡二元的土地制度阻碍了农民阶层的社会流动,是农民转型的体制障碍。改革农村土地使用制度和土地征用制度,推进农地经营权流转,尝试建立土地共同基金,是促进城郊农民市民化的现实选择。