The Two Pluralisms in Norway

In most countries of Western Europe including Norway, the last decades have transformed the population as a whole to become both more secular and more religiously plural. This has had consequences on many levels, and is still being processed. For state institutions and for the civil society including faith communities, it has clearly entailed legal, political, and social changes. The growing plurality has also challenged alleged mono-cultural perceptions of religions, and established many new discourses on religion, values, and diversity as such. In this essay I will first briefly discuss the present situation in Norway regarding religious pluralism and relate it to interpretations of secularity particularly relevant to the Norwegian context. Then I will go more thoroughly into the concept of interreligious dialogue and ways to understand this phenomenon as one of faith communities’ responses to religious plurality. As a social practice that may provide insight in how religious plurality is negotiated in a dialogue – it may be described as a practical exploration of religious plurality from the inside - but also how it may project positions towards various understandings of secularity. Peter Berger’s concept of “The two pluralisms” and his request for theorizing on plurality rather than secularity opens up further exploration of interreligious relations such as interreligious dialogue, and it may provide researchers working empirically in this field with new insights in their studies. This contribution will not contest Berger’s suggestion of “the two pluralisms” but rather explore it further through empirical studies and suggested models of interreligious dialogue.     

The Two Pluralisms Under the Third Rome

Society - This article applies Berger’s new paradigm for religion in a pluralist age to the case of Russia, a society that underwent 70 years forced secularization and yet today...     

当前线路安全防范工作的两大难题及解决的对策

本文围绕铁道部公安局将铁路公安保卫工作重心转向线路治安管理的战略部署,针对线路治安管理工作中存在的两大难题,系统地提出了解决这些问题应采取的几项措施.     

Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy

Populism, understood as an appeal to 'the people' against both the established structure of power and the dominant ideas and values, should not be dismissed as a pathological form of politics of no interest to the political theorist, for its democratic pretensions raise important issues. Adapting Michael Oakeshott's distinction between 'the politics of faith' and 'the politics of scepticism', the paper offers an analysis of democracy in terms of two opposing faces, one 'pragmatic' and the other 'redemptive', and argues that it is the inescapable tension between them that makes populism a perennial possibility.     

全球化及限制条件对主权的影响

一、导言二战后 ,百废待兴 ,国际货币基金组织 (ＩＭＦ)和世界银行 (ＷＢ)应运而生 ,这反映了国际社会已认识到国际经济市场日益增强的相互依赖性。近年来 ,国际金融市场全球化进程的加速发展 ,使大量资金从一国金融市场和基础设施建设中抽回成为可能。为了遏制这一不利趋势 ,ＩＭＦ与世行在贷款时要求借款方做出改变国内经济政策的许诺。本文通过分析亚洲金融危机 ,探讨了全球化和限制条件对国家主权的意义。第一部分研究主权的概念及其与国际法的关系。第二部分讨论ＩＭＦ与世行的作用及各自使用的贷款方式。第三部分回顾最近泰国和俄罗斯…     

Two transitions: Democratisation and the evolution of the Spanish socialist left

This article examines the factors which contributed to the rapid social democratisation of the Spanish Socialist Party after its 1976 Congress. Three major factors are stressed: the structural weakness of the Party; the electoral popularity of a moderate strategy; and the pressures inherent in the nature of the transition from Franquist authoritarianism to parliamentary democracy. Finally, a brief assessment is made of the internal party strains caused by this strategy, as well as of the advantages and drawbacks to the Party of its social democratisation.     

“两类”铁路交通事故分析及治理

目前,铁路营运交通事故多发并造成重大财产损失和生命损害,引起了有关领导的高度重视.为此,铁路系统及时采取一系的举措,取得了一定的成效,但在治理过程中仍然困难重重,有的已经超出了企业承受能力范围,有的超出了管理、实施主体职责范围,特别是存在归责错位、主体混乱和处罚依据模糊等问题,违背了事故防控的内在规律,必须予以厘清.     

政策网络的两种分析途径及其影响

政策网络是运用网络主义来分析政策过程的一种理论框架。不同的学派对它有不一样的理解。在学术界都承认政策网络是一种在分析政策过程中利益集团与政府关系的方法基础上,分别从利益中介和治理两个不同的分析途径对政策网络进行研究。不同的分析途径导致了不同的研究方向,但是以上的分歧深化了对政策网络本身的深刻理解。