古典美学思想在英汉语言中的体现

一般认为,语言能描绘和创造美的人或美的事物是天经地义的事。却很少有人认为,“美”可以反过来影响和创造语言本身。本文根据“‘美’可以反过来影响和创造语言本身”这一命题,从英汉语言的语音、词汇和句法三个层面,去论证,在语言发展的长河中,“美”的的确确影响和创造了语言。     

美国科技成果转化优先序研究

美国作为全球科技创新大国,科技成果转化率很高。从政府的角度来看,美国有一个精密的系统,来根据社会、国家和城市的需要确定科技成果转化的优先序列。这个优先序列在一定时期内会具有一定的稳定性,也会随着社会需要的变化做出调整。政府通过科技政策和立法中确定的各种保障措施,推动它们的优先转化。这对我国有一定的借鉴意义。     

实用主义视野下的法律观

美国现实主义法学的奠基人奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯首次提出了“法律的生命不是逻辑,而是经验”这个命题。他所说的“经验”是指法官在遵循先例的前提下,充分根据变化中的社会生活,给予先例以新的生命。这个观点的提出与当时美国传统的价值观念受到挑战、一些反传统的进步思潮出现有关。这个观点反映出霍姆斯的实用主义法学观,对美国后来的现实主义法学产生了深远的影响。     

试论中国儒家"诚信"思想的理论、困境及完善

中国传统儒家的诚信理论是中国古代诚信思想的核心。儒家诚信理论发生于中国传统宗法和农业社会的土壤中,它有着独特的追求内心至诚的道德价值,也受到了乡土熟人社会的强大支持和保障,但是由于其社会内部过多地强调父系的宗法关系、君主的权力等价值,其诚信理论必然有着低于其他价值系统的先天不足,特别是当脱离熟人社会的环境时,其局限就更为明显。在今天,要创造性地转化传统需要清醒地看到儒家诚信思想的优势和不足,改变传统的权力管理模式,建立保证诚信的法律体系和制度,加强道德建设,以及培养现代公民的权利意识,才能真正建立起现代公民诚信文化。     

The Pluralistic Universe of Law: Towards a Neo‐Classical Legal Pragmatism*

After a brief sketch of the history of philosophical pragmatism generally, and of legal pragmatism specifically (section 1), this paper develops a new, neo‐classical legal pragmatism: a theory of law drawing in part on Holmes, but also on ideas from the classical pragmatist tradition in philosophy. Main themes are the “pluralistic universe” of law (section 2); the evolution of legal systems (section 3); the place of logic in the law (section 4); and the relation of law and morality (section 5).     

论1989年《环境保护法》之历史功绩与历史局限性

198 9年《环境保护法》作为我国环境保护的基本法 ,在我国环境保护事业的发展中发挥了巨大的作用 ,也为我国法律体系的发展与完善作出了应有的贡献。但是 ,随着时代的发展 ,它也有着不可避免的历史局限性。因此 ,适时修订《环境保护法》已是大势所趋。     

我国黄瓜、丝瓜起源考

黄瓜的传入应与东汉以来佛教的传入有关,十六国时期的译经中已有胡瓜之名,隋炀帝时改名黄瓜。受佛经对其性味负面说法的影响,长期未获重视。南宋以来,种植、食用逐渐普遍起来,且由早期食用老瓜转为以食用嫩瓜为主。我国宋以前无任何丝瓜迹象,北宋后期以来始见记载。其别名鱼际或为外来音译,传入我国当在北宋中期或稍前。宋人有关记载多出福建、浙江,此后地方志的记载也以此两省最多,两广方志多称从福建引入。由此可见,丝瓜当是入宋后,随着闽、浙一带对外交通贸易的兴起而由海上传入。     

国际法发展进程中的“观念”及其影响途径

在国际法的发展进程中,"观念"不仅是客观存在的,而且起到了至关重要的影响。不过,在国际法的研究中,以理性主义为认识论的主流学派,并没有对此做出过系统性分析。这正是主流国际法学本身的一个重大缺漏。研究表明,诸如"世界观"、"原则化观念"以及"因果信念"等在国际法的发展进程中,起到了"路线图"、"黏合剂",以及"制度化"等方面的影响。     

On the Origins of the Franco-German EMU Controversies

EMU represented an important change in the economic constitution of the European Union. It is, to a large extent, a culmination of a process of Franco-German reconciliation and understanding. However, in the postwar period, there were significant differences in thought and economic policy-making in Germany and France. France was dominated by the tradition républicaine, giving a central role to the state in economic life. In Germany, the federal structure of the state went together with the social market economy. In this paper an analysis is presented of these differences in thought and economic policy-making, how they evolved through time, and how they contributed to shaping the nature and economic constitution of the European Union. The focus of the paper is on the Rome Treaties, the Werner Report and the Maastricht Treaty process.     

Origins of the "Third psychiatric revolution": the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963

In recent decades the community mental health movement has achieved a dramatic reduction in the census of state and county mental hospitals in the United States, and hundreds of federally-funded community mental health centers have been established nationwide. At the same time, national controversy has arisen in response to what in places has seemed the haphazard process of implementing "deinstitutionalization" and the fate of many chronically mentally ill persons who are without needed social services and psychological care. Despite the widespread attention that this contemporary program has received, theoretical analysis of the complex social, scientific, intellectual, and political origins of America's community mental health policy remains deficient. This article examines the background and development of the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963, tracing how an important shift in national policy toward the mentally ill grew out of changing perceptions--among policymakers, professional groups, and the general citizenry in the post-World War II era--of the nature of the problem of mental illness.     

On the Complexity and Accuracy of Geographic Profiling Strategies

Geographic profilers have access to a repertoire of strategies for predicting a serial offenders home location. These strategies range in complexity—some involve more calculations to implement than others—and the assumption often made is that more complex strategies will outperform simpler strategies. In the present study, we tested the relationship between the complexity and accuracy of 11 strategies. Data were crime site and home locations of 16 UK residential burglars who had committed 10 or more crimes each. The results indicated that strategy complexity was not positively related to accuracy. This was also found to be the case across tasks that ranged in complexity (where complexity was determined by the number of crimes used to make a prediction). Implications for police policies and procedures, as well as our understanding of human decision-making, are discussed.To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +1-709-737-3101; E-mail: bsnook@play.psych.mun.ca     

论证券法规则理念和制度机制

证券权利和市场机制离不开法律规则 ,其法律规则是对传统民商法规则的一次超越 ,具有自身的个性。证券法规则的理念有两种 :新古典规则理念和注重长期关系理念。我国证券法规则理念虽偏重于长期关系 ,但尚未真正形成。我国的证券法规则理念应当借鉴大陆和英美两大法系的优势 ,走出一条中国式的证券法规则理念之路     

我国目前推行行政公开所存问题之根源探讨

我国目前推进行政公开工作建设还存在一系列问题。其根源是目前我国推进行政公开工作建设还有一些障碍因素。本文以行政主体为研究平台,把目前我国行政公开实现困难的根源分为两部分进行研究,即行政主体系统内之根源与行政主体系统外之根源。     

政治道德建设中领导干部政绩观问题探讨

当代中国正处于现代化建设的伟大历史时期,中国的社会主义现代化事业必须在中国共产党的领导下才能取得成功;党必须加强自身建设,提高和完善领导水平和执政能力,才能应对危机,迎接挑战。而加强政治道德建设是坚持和改善党的领导的重要条件之一,也是迫切需要予以重视的问题。因此,当务之急是通过政治道德建设,引导领导干部树立正确的政绩观。     

对美国死刑案件诉讼程序的考察

美国是西方发达资本主义国家中保留并且适用死刑最多的国家,其对死刑案件设置了严格的诉讼程序,如特殊的死刑诉讼提请批准程序、大陪审团制度、人身保护令制度、死刑执行方式等,试图最大限度地避免出现错判、误判的死刑,保障公民的生命权。这对我国的死刑案件诉讼程序改革具有重要的借鉴意义。     

论我国基础教育变革的复杂性和转型性

基础教育具有奠基性、全面性、普及性的特点,其变革是一项涉及社会政治、经济、文化以及教育系统本身等各方面的复杂工程.变革的复杂性主要涉及变革目标、变革过程和变革的利益主体.当前中国基础教育发展面临着计划经济模式向教育机制调控转型、有限开放向全面开放转型、价值对峙向文化兼融转型、知识本位向综合能力转型的四重挑战.只有不断提升驾驭各种复杂性的能力,才能使基础教育发展之路越走越宽广.