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1.
The Chimera of Proportionality: Institutionalising Limits on Punishment in Contemporary Social and Political Systems
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Hanna Pickard 《The Modern law review》2015,78(2):216-240
The concept of proportionality has been central to the retributive revival in penal theory, and underlies desert theory's normative and practical commitment to limiting punishment. Theories of punishment combining desert‐based and consequentialist considerations also appeal to proportionality as a limiting condition. In this paper we argue that these claims are founded on an exaggerated idea of what proportionality can offer, and in particular fail properly to consider the institutional conditions needed to foster robust limits on the state's power to punish. The idea that appeals to proportionality as an abstract ideal can help to limit punishment is, we argue, a chimera: what has been thought of as proportionality is not a naturally existing relationship, but a product of political and social construction, cultural meaning‐making, and institution‐building. Drawing on evolutionary psychology and comparative political economy, we argue that philosophers and social scientists need to work together to understand how the appeal of the idea of proportionality can best be realised through substantive institutional frameworks under particular conditions. 相似文献
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Three ways of understanding the question ‘Why punish?’ are distinguished. Answers commonly invoke three purposes and justifications – that punishment is the way to reduce offending, that it rights the wrong, and that it vindicates the victim. All these accounts are challenged. There is particular attention to the concept of rehabilitation and an explication of what this analysis entails for the work of probation. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a broader philosophy of responding to wrongdoing with attention to the implementation of punishment and to the ‘end state’ where the wrongful act may be considered resolved. 相似文献
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罪刑相适应不仅是立法原则,还是解释论应当遵循的重要原则,对构成要件的解释具有重要的指导作用。坚持严格区分法条竞合与想象竞合犯,固守“本法另有规定的,依照规定”表明只能适用特别法的先前理解,总是指责立法存在缺陷,必然导致罪刑不均衡的刑法条文比比皆是的现象。我们应当果断摒弃先前错误的理解与做法,在解释论中最大限度地贯彻罪刑相适应原则,充分运用竞合论原理“从一重处断”,以实现刑法的公平正义。 相似文献
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国际人权与死刑──以国际人权法为线索的分析兼及中国的应对 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
国际人权法对死刑的态度经历了由放任到限制再到废除的转变。《世界人权宣言》对死刑以沉默显示放任;《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》等对死刑转向了限制;《旨在废除死刑的〈公民权利与政治权利国际公约〉第二议定书》等对死刑明令废除。中国现行死刑制度与国际人权法的要求尚存较大距离,应该采取必要的应对措施尽快缩短这一距离。 相似文献
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保安处分及我国刑法制度的完善 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
世界各国刑法的发展 ,都在经历一个由严酷到缓和、由报应到教化的过程 ,保安处分制度的产生与发展 ,正是这一过程的反映。我国目前虽然没有建立保安处分制度 ,但类似保安处分的措施却大量存在。这些保安措施存在许多严重问题 ,与我国社会主义法制建设的需要极不适应。而解决问题的最佳方案 ,就是通过规范化、程序化 ,将之纳入统一的刑法体系。 相似文献
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Vincent Geeraets 《Criminal justice ethics》2018,37(1):21-35
This article identifies two mistakes commonly made about the concept of punishment. First, confusion exists about when an analysis of punishment counts as retributive, and when as justificatorily neutral. In particular, a fair number of legal scholars claim to analyze punishment in a neutral way, but closer inspection shows that many of these definitions are not justificatorily neutral. Second, legal scholars tend to analyze the concept of punishment very restrictively, with a focus on the intention of the legislator. While there may be good reasons to restrict the scope of the concept of punishment in the legal arena, from a philosophical point of view, restrictive analysis is not fruitful. It is a bad starting point for critical evaluation, because it is perfectly possible for impositions generally experienced as punitive not to be classified as such. This is all the more troublesome given that these impositions often contain fewer safeguards than are offered in criminal law and that there is sometimes a taboo on the language game related to punishment. I argue that these problems can be overcome by embracing an inclusive, justificatorily neutral concept of punishment that takes the outward appearance of the harm inflicted as its starting point. 相似文献
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基、序、等──刑罚的相应性的蕴涵 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对刑罚的相应性原则的蕴涵作了系统的探讨。作者认为,基的相应、序的相应与平等性是相应性的不可或缺的三项基本要求,基的相应性是刑量与罪量在绝对意义上的相应.序的相应是罪量与刑量在相对意义上的相应,平等性是相同的罪量应受的刑量应该一致,三者共同制约着立法上法定刑的确定与司法上判定刑的裁定。 相似文献
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社会化行刑既包含非监禁刑、半监禁刑替代监禁刑的含义,也包括对被监禁罪犯在行刑过程中的社会化措施,社会化行刑的表现形式有三种。社会化行刑的理论依据有:一是体现了人道主义观念和文明行刑的基本理念,包含有维护人权的思想;二是社会化行刑较之单纯的监禁行刑,其经济性和功利性价值日渐彰显;三是它顺应了现代行刑以监禁刑为中心向以非监禁刑为中心发展的时代趋势。 相似文献
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商鞅刑罚目的是以威慑儆戒为主的一般预防论,即靠对犯罪人实施刑罚来威慑儆戒其他人使其不敢犯罪,达到预防社会犯罪的目的。商鞅的刑罚目的理论,以人性恶的犯罪理论为基础,以重刑、必得、明法为基本内容,通过三者的有机结合来实现预防犯罪。这一刑罚理论虽然曾取得明显的成效,但仍存在着众多的不足和缺陷。 相似文献
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嬗变的理性和理性的嬗变──主题报告:刑罚进化论·评论·答辩 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
主题报告人提出了从进化论角度考察刑罚演变的这样一种学术观点,即刑罚进化论。该论的提出,意在首先明确三个问题:一是刑罚进化的形态,二是刑罚进化的规律,三是刑罚进化的原因。“西南法学论坛”的一些学者就该报告的研究方法及术语使用等问题进行了评论,也提出了一些不同见解,报告人作了简明的答辩。 相似文献
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慎刑理念作为中国传统司法文化的重要组成部分,是传统司法文化中最能够代表主流司法理念的内容。所谓“慎刑”就是主张在适用法律、实施刑罚时应该审慎、宽缓,无论立法、司法都必须崇德,施用刑罚要慎重从事。儒家秉持的人本主义,“仁政”理念,为政以德和“执中致和”等思想是慎刑理念发展延续的理论基础。慎刑理念主要在司法机构设置、司法官吏的执法要求和违法责任的追究、司法审判方式和原则、诉讼审判程序等方面对古代司法制度的设计与运行产生了十分重要的影响。研究这种理念、制度的发生和存在的意义在于不仅可以加深我们对中国传统司法文化特征及其历史价值的认识,而且对于我们如何在当代的社会主流文化中创新与时代发展相适应的司法理念和司法制度,具有启示意义。 相似文献
12.
Brian Rosebury 《Criminal justice ethics》2013,32(3):259-283
In justifying punishment we sometimes appeal to the idea that the punished offender has, by his criminal action against others, forfeited his moral right (and therefore his legal right) against hard treatment by the state. The imposition of suffering, or deprivation of liberty, loses its prima facie morally objectionable character, and becomes morally permissible.Philosophers interrogating the forfeited right theory generally focus on whether the forfeiting of the right constitutes a necessary or a sufficient condition for punishment to be permissible; rarely do they ask whether the idea of a right that can be forfeited is itself morally illuminating. The article examines and criticizes various versions of this theory. It concludes that the forfeited right arguments add little other than rhetorical dignity to the existing repertoire of justifications for punishment. They can be most usefully understood as communicating the thought that the offender cannot reasonably complain about the violation of rights he himself has violated. But the incapacitation of the offender's reasonable complaint does not entail that we are justified in punishing him. 相似文献
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抽象概括出了期待可能性理论与宽严相济刑事政策的三个契合点,一是价值的契合;二是导向的契合;三是层次的契合。鉴于期待可能性理论与宽严相济刑事政策之间仍有一定的相互排斥性,应当吸收期待可能性理论的合理因素,即合理判断期待可能性有无即大小的,以此服务并丰富宽严相济刑事政策。 相似文献
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Jonathan Jacobs 《Criminal justice ethics》2013,32(3):185-186
This article concerns the problems of proportionality in the theory of punishment. The problem is how to determine whether the severity of a punishment for a criminal offense is proportional to the seriousness of that offense. The resolution to this problem proposed in the article is that, first, one understand punishment as pain or loss intentionally and openly inflicted on someone S in retaliation for something S did, by a person or agent who is at least as powerful as S, and, second, one take such retaliatory pain or loss as, within stable social groups, a means for preserving social order. Accordingly, it is argued that, on this proposal, the measure by which the severity of punishment is determined to be proportional to the seriousness of the crime for which it is inflicted is the minimal amount of pain or loss necessary to preserve social order. Sentencing policies that follow this measure, it is then observed, tend to yield less severe punishments than the policies that classical deterrence theory yields. Finally, the article offers an argument for regarding as morally more defensible sentencing policies whose goal is preserving social order than sentencing policies whose goal is that of classical deterrence theory, which is to achieve the smallest incidence of crimes consistent with not diminishing the overall welfare of society. 相似文献
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行政处罚与刑事处罚立法上的衔接包括内容上的衔接和形式上的衔接。内容上的衔接要解决好二者的适用范围和协调二者的处罚轻重两个问题;形式上的衔接主要是指行政处罚法中附属规定的刑事罚则,如何与刑法典及其它刑事规范相衔接的问题。建立行政刑罚制度不仅是必要的而且也是可行的。 相似文献
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Andrew Moss 《Contemporary Justice Review》2013,16(2):214-227
Retributive theories of legal punishment fail to justify the imprisonment of convicted offenders. There are three prominent retributive theories that attempt this: Fair Play theory, Moral Communication theory, and Intuitive Desert theory. Fair Play retributivists seek to imprison offenders in order to re-balance the distribution of benefits and burdens, which is upset by criminal offences. Moral Communication retributivists seek to imprison offenders as a means of communicating society’s condemnation of criminality. Intuitive Desert retributivists seek to imprison offenders because it is a deserved response to wrongdoing (the supporting evidence is our intuitive reactions to criminality). These theories are critiqued and attention is drawn to the superiority of certain restorative justice values and practices. 相似文献
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Jane Johnson 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2008,2(3):291-307
The standard view of Kant’s retributivism, as well as its more recent reworking in the ‘limited’ or ‘partial’ retributivist
reading are, it is argued here, inadequate accounts of Kant on punishment. In the case of the former, the view is too limited
and superficial, and in the latter it is simply inaccurate as an interpretation of Kant. Instead, this paper argues that a
more sophisticated and accurate rendering of Kant on punishment can be obtained by looking to his construction of the concept
of justice. In so doing, not only is a superior account of Kant furnished, but also one up to the task of resolving the vexed
issue of justifying legal punishment.
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