越南思想和哲学发展史研究之我见

越南思想和哲学发展史研究具有重要价值,是东方文化宝库中值得深入开掘的一个领域,已有的研究特别是越南学术界的努力,取得了显著成效,但仍需要加强和深化。国内学术界也有了一些扎实的成果,可整体上却还显薄弱。本文简要评介了该领域的研究现状与研究价值,阐述了研究的思路和方法,并就若干应进一步探讨的问题,提出了一些自己的看法。     

Learning to laugh: satire and political thought in the Latvian ‘National Age’

ABSTRACT

Satiric publications are often recognized as an important part of the political communication of the nineteenth century. Their role, however, in the national ‘awakenings’ in central eastern Europe has been rarely addressed. This paper argues that satirical publications provide useful material for the research of the political ideology of early Latvian nationalism. The development of the ‘ethnic Other’ in the figure of the Bizmanis or ‘Plaitman,’ the invention of the ‘dumb minority,’ the Malenians, as well as the representation of imperial and provincial forces in animal fables illustrate the development of the political thinking of the emerging national movement.     

Break Out of Russia: Miķelis Valters and the National Issue in Early Latvian Socialism

This article deals with the political thought of Mi?elis Valters (1874–1968), whose early writings are considered to contain the first clearly articulated argument for independent and democratic Latvia. Until now, Valters's writings haven′t been analyzed in their own historical and intellectual context, being subjected to Marxist and nationalist ‘proleptic mythologies’ instead. However, such an analysis provides us with important insights about the intellectual origins of Latvian political nationalism. Valters's early argument for independent Latvia derives much from the legacy of Russian narodnichestvo and from German liberal legal theory, rather than from Austro-Marxism, as suggested by previous commentators.     

汉字历史文化积淀举隅

汉字是世界上寿命最长的文字,它时时刻刻伴随着中国历史的发展而发展,因为其表意的特点,汉字往往又留下了各个时代的文化印记.本文拟以汉字形、义、音的关系为线索,用具体例证说明现行汉字中的历史文化积淀.     

山崎丰子文学中的反战思想

日本社会小说作家山崎丰子的大部分作品中贯穿着反战思想,其中既包含了反对战争、热爱和平的内容,又有对日本对外扩张行径的反思,深入挖掘了战争中日本国民的紧张与不安,探讨了人物内心深处对"归"的渴望,唤醒了人们对战争残酷性的共识。本文以山崎的"战争三部曲"为研究对象,通过文本分析,对贯穿于山崎文学中的反战思想进行研究,详细剖析其"归"的主题和"哀"的基调,对日本是否具有"反战文学"进行深入讨论,了解事实真相,厘清文学概念,促进日本社会对历史的深刻反省。     

论郑和远航在中非关系史上的意义

本文从郑和远航以前的中非关系、郑和远航与中非关系以及郑和非洲之行留下的疑问等三个方面探讨了郑和远航在中非关系史上的意义.中非关系源远流长,郑和远航将这一关系推至一个新的巅峰.在郑和之行与非洲的关系上,作者就郑和非洲之行的肇始、航线、结果、影响与意义阐述了自己的看法.作者认为,郑和的非洲之行至少在6个方面留下了疑问,这些问题都在待于在今后的研究中寻求答案.     

Why Weren’t We Taught? Exploring Frontier Conflict Through the Lens of Anzac

This article examines public understandings of two key strands of Australian history that sit at opposite ends of a spectrum of remembrance: frontier conflict and Anzac. The former, W. E. H. Stanner argued in 1968, was subsumed in a vacuum of silence, lost to popular consciousness in a wilful act of forgetting. Despite a wealth of subsequent scholarship documenting the violence and dispossession that characterised European colonisation, considerable gaps in public awareness about these foundational events remain. Anzac, in contrast, has become a defining narrative of Australian history for large segments of the general population and the political class. Recent scholarship suggests that this prominence has served to mask other, important histories of the continent, including frontier conflict. In this article, we argue that this is neither a necessary nor essential binary, and further, that one can inform the other. The written reflections of 320 tertiary students enrolled in a course about Australian military history provide insights into the ways that frontier conflict is popularly understood and how the fascination with Anzac can be leveraged to raise awareness of the violent historical dimensions of colonisation.     

中江兆民的和平思想——以《三醉人经纶问答》为中心

作为近代日本自由民权运动的重要领袖,中江兆民的思想向来倍受研究者们的关注。有关其代表作品《三醉人经纶问答》的分析文章亦数不胜数。兆民的和平思想以小国主义为特征,是近代日本和平思想的主要来源之一。在他的和平思想中,不仅能看到西方近代的人权观念,还能找到东方传统的和平观念。本文从近代日本和平思想发展轨迹这一角度重新审视兆民的思想,以《三醉人经纶问答》为中心浅析其和平政治思想的特征。     

Negotiating power and authority in the desert: the Arab Bedouin and the limits of the Ottoman state in Hijaz, 1840–1908

This article explores the techniques and strategies used by Ottoman authorities to control the Bedouin with a specific focus on the province of Hijaz between 1840 and 1908. Using primary sources from the Ottoman and British archives, it argues that the Ottoman Empire developed a ‘politics of negotiation’ towards the tribes in its attempt to secure cities and major pilgrimage and trade routes against tribal attack. The principal agents of the empire who made this negotiated governance possible were the amir of Mecca and the governor of Hijaz. As a result of this policy, imperial authorities had to give significant concessions to the tribes, and they thus incorporated them into the province's imperial order. When the Ottoman economy went through a crisis, as in the 1900s, negotiated governance and order faced great problems.     

Unsettling Narratives: Overcoming Prejudices in the Hostel Stories Project

ABSTRACT

In 1988, Jock Collins boldly suggested that Australia’s earlier migrant arrivals, the subject of prejudice themselves, often become the perpetrators of prejudice. Indeed, as we collect oral histories from post-war migrants, we are regularly confronted with angry statements such as “asylum seekers are just let in and given everything”. What lies at the heart of this phenomenon? Clearly, prejudice and stereotyping exists in all societies but seems to be particularly evident in societies where an ongoing flow of migrants continues to change and alter the ethnic and racial mix. This article reflects upon research conducted in the Hostel Stories project, where we frequently were confronted with stereotyped, prejudicial, and even racist comments about other migrants and refugees during interviews with migrants. These statements made us ask whether Collins was correct in his observations. Drawing on the literature from various disciplines, we consider various influences on migrant attitudes towards other migrants. We propose that it is critical to continue to progress beyond the conventional topics explored in migration studies and ask difficult questions in order to contribute to a growing global discussion on ethnicity and intergroup relations, especially in relation to prejudice and racism.     

西原借款述评

西原借款是民国时期中日之间数额最大、争议最多的一系列借款的总称。自上世纪20年代起至今,中日学界对它的研究从未中断,且取得了丰硕的研究成果。从西原借款的范围、构想与谈判过程、用途、性质与影响、整理过程等方面进行梳理,并对其研究方法与研究走向进行总结,具有一定的学术意义。     

Brazilian History as Global History

The article discusses the relationship between global history and Brazilian history and suggests an agenda for future research. It argues that global history scholars could profit from Brazil's great scholarly tradition, which conceptualises key topics of global history such as global encounters and cultural identities, power asymmetries and spatial orders. Scholars interested in Brazilian history, on the other hand, will find a set of approaches and questions from a global history perspective helpful for research on central fields of Brazil historiography such as the coffee economy, scientific racism, the Cold War and the Amazon.     

安藤昌益的环境思想及其哲学基础

安藤昌益的环境思想主要包括:自然和人的关系是"大天地"与"小天地"的对应关系;自然和人的活动是一个和谐的循环系统;天灾是人灾;反对滥施开发矿产等内容。核心问题是人与自然的和谐。"自然"是包括天地、万物、人类在内的总体,它们遵循同一规律运动着。昌益环境思想的哲学基础是他的"活真"论;"进退""互性"矛盾运动;"五行四行"说;"天地"(宇宙)论;"通横逆"论等具有独特内容的自然哲学。     

近三十年来中江兆民思想研究

近年来关于中江兆民的研究主要涉及其哲学思想、政治思想及汉学对其影响等方面。中江兆民研究始于20世纪80年代,起步于对其哲学思想的研究,随后逐渐扩展到其他方面。总的来说数量上是有所增加的,质量也有所提高,但视角还不够丰富。总之,对于这样一个在日本近代史上占有重要地位的思想家来说,目前国内的研究还有其不足之处。