Administrative Justice: A Libertarian Cinderella in Search of an Egalitarian Prince

This article argues that the political significance of the Coalition government's proposed changes to administrative justice, including the abolition of the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council, is in danger of passing unnoticed, despite its potential significance for the Big Society agenda. It suggests that the retrieval of genuine perspective lies in paying closer attention both to the contemporary importance of administrative justice and to the political debates of the 1950s and 1960s, which set opposing views of administrative justice in broadly libertarian and egalitarian contexts respectively. It concludes that the recovery in particular of an egalitarian account of administrative justice is necessary to animate, and rebalance, the debate. Administrative justice might then be perceived as an essential part of a broader political vision and a significant aspect of social justice more ambitiously conceived.     

从行政监察体制改革审视我国行政监察专员制度的建立

改革开放以来,我国的行政监察体制改革取得了很大成绩。但是,随着社会的发展,现有行政监察体制的缺陷和不足也日渐凸显。根据国外行政监察体制改革的基本经验和我国的具体国情,建立行政监察专员制度,是完善我国行政监察体制、加强行政权力监督的路径选择。     

Changing Relations between Government and Citizen: Administrative Law and the Work of the Australian Commonwealth Ombudsman

This article examines the individual complaint‐taking role of the Australian Commonwealth Ombudsman over a 28 year period between 1977–2005. This study was conceived through a curiosity to determine how a 30 year old administrative law institution is reacting to accommodate a dramatically altered legal, political and economic environment. The suspicion was that, in the absence of legislative amendment to its jurisdiction and role, the Commonwealth Ombudsman must strategically change due to the demands of these external forces. The overall quantitative finding from the data analysis is that the internal strategic direction of the Commonwealth Ombudsman is indeed altering. In terms of dispute resolution it is increasingly using its discretionary powers to turn individual complainants back to government departments/agencies. The data analysis reveals that this administrative law institution is shifting from a reactive individual complaint taker to a proactive standard setter for government administration. This article suggests that this movement may impact upon citizen ‘rights’ or perceptions of their rights to have their individual complaints heard against government. This in turn may have a ripple effect for notions of democratic accountability and the relationship between the citizen and the state.     

试论我国的行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制

当前我国的行政执法与刑事司法衔接的各项基本结构框架已经建立,并且在建立的过程中,行政执法与刑事司法工作的衔接机制也得以逐步完善。但不可否认的是,当前执法实践中仍存在着行政执法与刑事司法相脱节的问题,使不少违法犯罪分子没有得到有效打击,逃避了处罚。由于该衔接机制的相关实体性法律和程序性法律规范的缺失,要从根源上处理好这些问题,真正建立起行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接仍然是一个复杂的过程。因此,研究行政执法与刑事司法的衔接机制中存在的问题并提出解决的方法无疑具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

和谐社会之制度正义诉求

一个和谐的社会,其制度必然是具有正义性的。制度正义包括制度本身的正义和制度运行的正义两个层次。在现实历史进程中,对制度正义的诉求,必然要求通过制度创新来实现,同时,对制度正义的诉求也会对制度创新产生积极的意义。因此,我们需要在制度本身的正义和制度运行的正义的指引下,以制度创新为动力,通过深化改革,切实克服影响社会和谐的体制弊端,建立新的社会制度规范,为和谐社会提供新的制度保障。     

改革过程中的行政权力畸变及其校正

行政权力是公共权力,是服务于公共利益的权力。行政改革的目的是要校正行政权力对公共利益的偏离。但是央我国的行政改革过程中,出现了行政行为不规范的问题;提出了行政权力减少数人所窃取并服务于少数人利益的问题,出现了地方极限截留来自上面的分权,并运用这些权力搞地方保护主义和以权谋私,从而破坏了社会主义市场经济健康发展的２,行政权力之所以背离了公共利益,原因是复杂的,其中,旧的利益关系、权力格避的影响和新折     

《大瀑布》中的生态正义问题的思考

小说《大瀑布》中展示了作家欧茨关于生态正义问题的思考。生态正义不仅涉及人与自然环境的正义问题,也包含人际之间的正义。其中,人际之间的生态正义又可分为代内正义和代际正义。小说通过爱的运河诉讼案展示了德克等人捍卫生态正义的行动,也表达了作家的生态观。     

Race,Medicine, and Social Justice: Pharmacogenetics,Diversity, and the Case of BiDil

In this article, I probe an example of high‐technology medicine as a case study in the problems of the regulation of advancing technology. Specifically, I address the implications of pharmacogenomics—an emerging form of population‐based health care intervention—for public policies designed to eliminate racial disparities in health. Using the case of BiDil, a historical precursor to pharmacogenetic technology, I offer a framework for further studies of high‐technology medicine in which policy analysis is part of a social review based on the justice standard of ex ante mutual advantage. It is the contention in this article that the most just and reasonable deployment of pharmacogenomics is as a compensatory tool to alleviate health disparities.     

推进我国行政收费的法治化建设

近年来,行政收费问题一直受到社会的广泛关注。通过政府系统内部专项清理、整顿,我国在行政收费规范化方面确实取得了一些进展,但运用政策性文件约束行政收费效果有限,如何将行政收费纳入法治化轨道越来越受到重视。根据我国行政收费领域存在的实际问题及法治化的要求,首先必须贯彻法治行政原则,规范政府的行政收费行为;并通过制定行政收费法,严格限定行政收费的项目与标准;以及进一步完善行政收费监督体系,加强对行政收费的监管。     

我国行政审批范围的规范化

加入WTO，我国政府必须进行行政审批制度改革，以规范市场准入，优化投资环境。行政审批范围的设定是确定行政审批其他相关内容的基础。本文分析了我国行政审批范围设定存在的问题及其原因，探讨我国行政审批范围设定的原则，从而提出规范行政审批范围的对策。     

现代行政法意义上的城市空间利益

现代社会的城市化高度发展使城市空间利益作为一种集合性利益的特征愈加明显,我国尚缺乏系统的城市法研究,亟待我们从行政法的角度构建城市空间利益的概念。对此,首先要将城市空间利益作为城市行政法理论中的一个概念进行考察,从城市空间的本质把握城市空间利益的公法权利属性。其次,要考察城市空间利益在行政法上的制度设计。参考日本代表性的集合性利益理论提出的制度构想,我们可以从城市规划设定规制地域的范围和规制内容的程度这两个方面确定某个地域内的集合性城市空间利益,并从行政程序参与权、行政诉讼原告资格、团体诉讼等方面为城市空间利益提供制度保障。     

Justice Without Transition: Truth Commissions in the Context of Repressive Rule

While the study of transitional justice, and especially truth commissions, has gained in popularity over the past two decades, the literature is overwhelmingly focused on activities in democratizing states. This introduces a selection bias that interferes with proper analysis of causes and consequences of transitional justice on a global scale. In this paper, I discuss conditions under which new repressive elites, and even old repressive elites who survive to rule and repress in nominally new systems, may choose to launch broad investigations of the past. I argue that such a decision is based on two primary considerations, the presence of internally or externally based incentives (e.g., foreign aid) and the level of political control enjoyed by old elites in the new system. I apply this argument to post-Soviet Central Asia, including a detailed case study of Uzbekistan’s 1999 truth commission based on domestic media analysis and local elite interviews.

论新世纪行政体制改革的目标与路径

进入新世纪，在全面建设小康社会的新形势下，我国行政体制改革的目标是建立和完善公共行政体制。公共行政体制下的政府是公共型政府、公正型政府、民主型政府、法治型政府、有限型政府、分权型政府、透明型政府、服务型政府、效能型政府和责任制政府。建立和完善公共行政体制。必须切实解决传统行政体制中的一系列深层次问题，实现政府体制转型。     

以商谈求共识:行政决策听证中公共意愿的形成

在当前利益主体多元化、利益矛盾加剧的背景下,推进和完善行政决策听证需要解决的一个关键性问题,在于如何协调差异和矛盾,聚集民意,以便为政府决策提供价值前提。协商共识理论为深化行政决策听证的研究提供了新的指向;行政决策听证的功能在于为理性论辩提供建制化空间以集结民意,制约行政决策;在听证议题的形成、听证代表的遴选、话语规范的确立及其制度保障等主要环节中,通过制度程序的建构,排除权力和金钱的侵入,在平等协商对话中整合利益,集结公共意愿。     

No Future Without (Personal) Forgiveness: Reexamining the Role of Forgiveness in Transitional Justice

This article discusses the political possibilities of personal forgiveness in transitional justice. Personal forgiveness is extended by a single human victim who has been harmed by a wrongdoer. The victim forgives only that harm which has been done to him or to her. Personal forgiveness is distinguishable from three other forms of forgiveness: group forgiveness, legal forgiveness (a form of group forgiveness), and political forgiveness. In the context of transitional justice, I argue that: (1) personal forgiveness is a necessary condition for political forgiveness; (2) group forgiveness (including legal forgiveness), while not without a normative function, cannot effectuate either personal or political forgiveness, and (3) personal forgiveness requires a shared narrative framework to lead to political forgiveness. These assertions lead to two further observations. First, because the state has a normative role in its (limited) capacity to forgive on its own behalf and a practical role in its ability to spread and to transmit a shared narrative framework, the state is an important actor in political forgiveness. Second, because the primary historical example of political forgiveness in transitional justice is the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission that unfolded within an explicitly Christian theological framework, it may be that the shared narrative framework need be religious or even Christian in nature.

States of Environmental Justice: Redistributive Politics across the United States, 1993–2004

In the 20 years since a president committed federal government agencies to achieving environmental justice (EJ), states have been at the forefront of policy development. But states have varied in the nature and extent of their EJ efforts. We use Guttman Scaling to measure state EJ effort and test hypotheses regarding the relative importance of problem severity, politics, and administrative variables to variation in state policy development. Our analysis offers a novel characterization of state policy intensity and demonstrates its scalability. Income‐based problem severity, environmental group membership, and nonwhite populations were important predictors of state EJ policy intensity during our study period. The political geography of EJ policy also displayed a distinctive southern pattern and the EJ policy intensity model contrasted significantly with a model of environmental policy innovation. The findings suggest that state EJ politics are more indicative of redistributive policy than regulatory.     

关于行政学院加快四大体系建设问题

班次体系建设、课程体系建设、教材体系建设和学科体系建设,是行政学院系统履行教学培训职能的四犬基本建设,是行政学院系统教学培训改革创新的抓手和主攻方向.这四大体系建设是紧密联系的有机整体,必须配套推进.增强四大体系建设的自觉性,是实现行政学院教学培训科学发展的必然要求.     

经济转型背景下地方政府行政逻辑的自主性辨析

加快经济发展方式转变以实现经济转型,是"十二五"规划目标的基本前提和要义之一,也已成为当下我国继续推进现代化进程的一个新的重要议题。本文认为,在此过程中,压力型体制下形成的我国地方政府行政逻辑中的自主性仍有其发挥作用的空间,但显然需予以再定位。那么,地方政府的这种自主性何以可能?有哪些主要变量因素?其行政逻辑转型的目标模式又应是什么?本文对这些问题进行了相应的讨论。     

探析英美民营化浪潮--兼论对我国行政改革的启示

20世纪七八十年代英美掀起了民营化浪潮,这股民营化浪潮取得了相当好的成效,使英美摆脱了财政危机,提高了政府效能,也使其第三部门得到了长足的发展,这给我国行政改革以一定的启示。     

Labor migration,ethnic kinship,and the conundrum of citizenship in Turkey

This paper explores the ambiguous purchase that claiming Turkish ethnicity has in Bulgarian Turkish migrants' attempts to access formal and social citizenship. I suggest that despite the new Citizenship Law, which appears to eliminate ethnic privilege, the emphasis on Turkish ethnicity continues to play a significant role in the migrants' attempts at inclusion. I seek to resolve this seeming tension between, on the one hand, the continuing significance of ‘Turkishness’ in migrants' discursive claims, and, on the other hand, the failure of most of these claims to materialize in practice by addressing the question of social and economic capital. Although ethnic belonging continues to be an important facet of citizenship, social class makes a significant difference in determining who qualifies as a citizen and has access to social citizenship. I thus argue that we need to expand the current terms of the debate on the inclusiveness of citizenship in Turkey, which revolve around ‘denationalization’ and ‘postnationalism,’ to include questions of class-based exclusion.