当前司法鉴定工作存在的问题及对策

《全国人大常委会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》实施以来的三年间．各地的司法鉴定工作取得了长足的发展。特别是经各省司法行政机关审核登记管理的法医、物证类、物证类、声像资料类（包括计算机司法鉴定、电子物证司法鉴定》“三大类”司法鉴定机构。他们在为构建社会主义和谐社会中，充分发挥着保障和服务功能。但在取得明显成效的同时。当前的司法鉴定工作还存在一些不容忽视的问题，本文就有些问题进行分析．并提出了一些思考与对策。     

关于我国改革进程中的司法鉴定制度的思考

本文首先对近年来我国司法鉴定制度改革的进程进行了简要回顾,然后主要针对《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》提出了一些问题并加以探讨,并在文章的最后表达了自己的一些粗浅见解。     

建筑工程质量司法鉴定实践过程中若干问题探讨

建筑工程质量司法鉴定是司法鉴定行业的一个重要专业分支。由于该类司法鉴定相关法律法规尚不完善,整个行业还处于探索发展阶段,因此存在着诸多问题。根据司法鉴定行业相关规范,结合近年来司法鉴定从业经验,对目前建筑工程质量司法鉴定实践过程中存在的问题进行探讨并提出了一些建议。     

建设工程司法鉴定若干疑难问题的思考

建设工程司法鉴定对于诉讼的判决结果作用重大,在实践中对于司法鉴定领域的若干问题,目前还没有明确的规定和结论。结合现行的司法鉴定相关的规定以及司法鉴定实践,对于建设工程司法鉴定的鉴定程序启动、鉴定申请准许、工程造价鉴定以及重新鉴定等几个问题进行分析,并对于一些尚待解决的问题提出一些意见。     

对目前建筑工程质量司法鉴定几个关键问题的探讨

目前建筑工程质量司法鉴定在我国尚处于探索发展阶段,相关法律还不健全,同时也出现了影响建筑工程质量司法鉴定正常工作的一些问题,本文在建筑工程质量司法鉴定资质、建筑工程质量司法鉴定委托以及鉴定的方法和标准这三个方面进行了讨论,并提出建筑工程质量司法鉴定活动中经常出现的问题。     

2013医疗损害司法鉴定研讨会征稿启示

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》（以下简称《侵权责任法》）颁布实施三年来，医疗损害司法鉴定取得了长足的进展，同时在贯彻实施中也出现了一些问题。为了加深对《侵权责任法》的理解，进一步提高医疗损害司法鉴定合法性、科学性和针对性，切实提高医疗损害司法鉴定意见证明力，司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所委托《中国司法鉴定》和《法医学杂志》编辑部于今年8月份联袂举办（（2013医疗损害司法鉴定研讨会》。     

人身伤害案件重新鉴定之主体辨析——从《刑事诉讼法》第120条的适用条件谈起

对人身伤害案件的鉴定有争议的，应当依据《刑事诉讼法》第120条第2款的规定委托省级人民政府指定的医院进行鉴定，还是应当依据全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》第9条第1款的规定委托在司法行政机关备案、登记、公告．并列入名册的司法鉴定机构及其鉴定人进行鉴定的问题，在司法实践中存在较大争议。针对“人身伤害医学鉴定”这一本质特征，结合《刑事诉讼法》第120条和《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》的立法本意，以及“公平正义”的司法鉴定核心价值理念，提出了一些看法，与同行们商榷。     

完善司法技术辅助工作管理制度的几点思考

2005年2月28日．第十届全国人大常委会审议通过了《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》（以下简称为《决定》），《决定》实施后，我国已经运行了近20年的司法鉴定体制发生了重大变革。法院把司法鉴定工作交付给社会机构，法院不再拥有自主鉴定的职能。《决定》解决了其中一些问题，鉴定机构的独立、鉴定人资格的确定以及鉴定人负责制度的实行等等，都很好地完善了司法鉴定体制。     

浅谈刑事诉讼中的司法鉴定三则

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》以及一些与此相配套的重要规章,包括《司法鉴定机构登记管理办法》、《司法鉴定人登记管理办法》和《司法鉴定程序通则》等的实施以来,出现了一些新情况、新问题,本文着重对困扰刑事诉讼的相关司法鉴定的有关理论和实践问题进行剖析,力求有助司法鉴定制度的完善。     

鉴定人：一个亟待合理定位的诉讼角色

关于司法鉴定的问题，一直是我国司法改革讨论的热点问题之一。2005年《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》，虽然针对鉴定机构设置与管理体制、鉴定人的资格、鉴定人的出庭与法律责任等作出了相应规定，解决了一些问题，但因该决定是从行政管理的角度所作的规定，诉讼尤其是刑事诉讼中存在的诸多司法鉴定问题仍然没有得到彻底解决。这些问题的解决只能有待于《刑事诉讼法》的再修改了。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.