Structure of hair on the head and other parts fo body in Latin Americans

The structure of hairs from the head, chest, armpits, and pubis of residents of Latin America (Bolivia, Salvador, Panama, Ecuador, Chile, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Peru, Brasil, and Mexico) has been studied. New data on macro- and microscopic characteristics of hairs of the population of the above countries were obtained (color, shape, length, thickness of hair; number of cuticle lines; characteristics of hair layers, shapes of transverse sections, etc.).     

习近平法治思想要义解析

习近平法治思想是一个系统完备、逻辑严密、内在统一的法治理论体系,主要包括法治基本理论、法治推进方略、法治重大关系等三大理论板块。在基本理论板块,明确提出了全面依法治国战略、法治中国命题、中国特色社会主义法治道路、中国特色社会主义法治体系、中国特色社会主义法治理论、在法治轨道上推进国家治理现代化等一系列基本理论。在推进方略板块,明确提出了坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一,坚持依宪治国、依宪执政,坚持统筹推进依规治党和依法治国,坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合,坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进和法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设,坚持全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,坚持专业力量和群众力量相融合,坚持抓关键少数和抓绝大多数相结合。在重大关系板块,明确提出了正确处理政治与法治、改革与法治、政策与法律、发展与安全、活力与秩序、维权与维稳等一系列关系的方法。     

论我国行政主体的WTO观念

加入WTO、参与经济全球一体化的发展 ,我国行政主体在管理观念、体制、程序、方式等方面都面临一系列的重大变革 ,其中观念的更新是所有转变的前提。这主要表现为 :破除封闭性、地方性、本土性观念 ,培育国际规则、国际平等与国际接轨的国际化观念 ;破除狭隘性、特殊性、模糊性、垄断性观念 ,树立行政立法、行政执法等的全局性、整体性、明确性与统一性观念 ;破除“官本位”、强制观 ,树立“民本位”、服务观 ;破除软弱涣散、消极观 ,或无所不管的“全能”观 ,树立行政行为优化干预观。     

Readers Propose

Readers' reactions to the article, by Professor A. Ushakov, "The Neighbor Who Shares Your Apartment," are continuing to come in. S. Khamedkulov, of Perm, Makhmedashev, of Baku, Sharonov, of Kharkov, Pereverzev, of Tashkent, and others express approval of, and support for, the discussion initiated by the journal on the need to improve housing legislation. Some of the responses will be published in the form of surveys and presentations of the essence of the proposals.     

经济法的价值理念和基本原则

目前一些关于经济法理念、价值以及基本原则的讨论,除了语言表述上的差异外,内涵上也有很大不同。笔者认为,经济法的价值并不能脱离法律价值之公平、秩序、自由的范畴,但必须具有其独特的解释;而经济法的基本原则则应当回应和体现其对法律价值解释的意义。本文试图梳理经济法价值理念与基本原则的关系,并将经济法的基本原则表述为:适度干预原则、公共利益原则、合理竞争原则、弱者保护原则。     

The detection of abortion agents in biological material]

Methods of extraction and detection of ascorbic acid, ergot alkaloids, cotarnine, microfollin, tinctures of marigold, peony, sage-brush, iodine, benzestrol, pachycarpine, hexestrol, folliculin, quinine, ethoxydiaminoacridine lactate were developed. Detection limits are 0.1-1 mg/100 g of object. Methods of manganese, iodine and soap detection are developed. Detection limits are 0.05-2 mg/100 g of object.     

From Text to Image: The Sacred Foundation of Western Institutional Order: Legal-Semiotic Perspectives

The paper analyzes the sacred foundations of Western institutional order, moving from an epistemological, historical and legal–aesthetic perspective. Firstly, it identifies an epistemological theory of complexity which, pursuing Hayek’s theory of complexity, Robilant’s notion of informative–normative systems, Popper’s theory of the Worlds, and Dupuy’s theory of endogenous fixed point, will conclusively lead to presenting the hypothesis of World 0 as the World of the foundation of legal thinking, the home of the sacred and the aesthetic. Secondly, it identifies the axiological character of the legal aesthetic as a discipline, a topic that will be taken up in relation to the work of the French historian of canonical law and psychoanalyst Legendre, starting from the analysis of a legal/historiographical context (Corpus Iuris Civilis, Corpus Iuris Canonici, Hobbesian Leviathan, Kelsenian Grundnorm). Thirdly, following Ellul’s thought on secularization, the idea that we now live in a secularized, lay society, lacking in the sacred is revealed as a sort of illusion, the creation of a myth of modernity, only apparently rational. Finally the paper proposes as the task of legal theory the identification of the system of “nomograms” in which the normative message is organized, according to a nonreductionistic approach that forces legal theory to recognize the plurality of the iconic forms of the normative message. The “nomograms” respond to the need of extending the field of legal science to phenomena that the positivist theory of law does not consider important, but which the process of evolution of contemporary society imposes.     

The Role of Fantasy in a Serial Sexual Offender: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Abstract: Extensive research has attempted to elucidate the role of fantasy in sexual offending. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results of the literature, especially the contents, themes, dynamics, etiopathogenesis, and potential functions of fantasy in sexual offending. Further, the authors analyze the case of a serial sexual offender who assaulted 39 women. The forensic‐psychiatric assessment revealed that his fantasies of forced sex, sexual coercion, and dominance, which were linked to narcissistic personality organization and functioning, were the primary drive mechanism in his crimes, because he imagined himself in the role of the aggressor, identified with the power associated with the role of perpetrator, and was sexually aroused by such images of omnipotent control of the victim. In conclusions, the authors suggest that fantasies of sexual aggression, coercion, and dominance of women may stimulate grandiosity and omnipotence and, in a minority of cases, may lead to sexual offending.     

限定刑事责任能力评定量表扩展应用的信效度

目的探讨限定刑事责任能力评定量表在责任能力评定中的扩展运用价值。方法采用DCRRS（内容包括现实作案动机,先兆,诱因,时间、地点、对象、工具选择,作案时情绪反应,作案后各种行为表现,生活自理能力、工作学习能力、自知力、现实检验能力损害和自我控制能力等）对108例符合要求的患者进行评定并与专家鉴定结果进行比较。结果DCRRS各条目间及其与总量表分间的相关均具有统计学意义（r=0.145～0.944,P〈0.001）,分半信度为0.868。根据DCRRS参考划界分分组,无、限定和完全责任能力3组间及两两间量表总分均具有显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。DCRRS与专家鉴定结果一致性较高（Kappa=0.958,P〈0.001）,经判别方程回代具有较高的正确率（97.2%）。结论DCRRS的信效度良好,可作为辅助参考使用。     

An Important form of Improvement of the Professional Skills of Justice Personnel

In accordance with the joint decree of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers of July 30, 1970, "On Measures to Improve the Work of Judicial and Procuracy Organs," and Decree No. 640 of November 12, 1970, of the RSFSR Council of Ministers, permanent republic-wide courses for improving the qualifications of justice personnel in the RSFSR have been organized in that federation. Here members of supreme courts of autonomous republics, members of territorial, regional, city, and national area courts, presiding judges of district (or city) people's courts, people's judges, consultants of departments of justice and of courts, notaries, and defense attorneys will undergo retraining. Branches of the republic-wide courses for bailiffs, office heads, secretaries of courts and hearings, clerks, and inspectors are being established in affiliation with the ministries of justice of autonomous republics and the justice departments of the executive committees of territorial and regional Soviets of working people's deputies.     

Estimation of length of calcaneum and talus from their bony markers

Since hardly a report is available on estimation of length of calcaneum and talus from a fragment of them, a fresh study was made on a present day south Indian population. A total of 110 calcanei (55 right and 55 left), and 70 tali (35 right and 35 left), all unpaired, dry, and devoid of gross pathology, were used. Maximum anteroposterior length of the bone was measured in millimeter using an anthropometric board, and linear measurements of the other bony markers were measured in millimeter using a sliding caliper. Bony markers of calcaneum were maximum anteroposterior length, maximum transverse width, length, width and depth of groove on the sustentaculum tali, and length, width, and depth of the sulcus calcanei. Bony markers of talus were maximum anteroposterior length, maximum transverse width, length and width of articular surface for the lateral malleolus, length and width of articular surface for the medial malleolus, vertical width and transverse width of articular surface of the head, width and depth of groove for tendon of the flexor hallucis longus, and length, width, and depth of the sulcus tali. Simple regression suggested that maximum length of the calcaneum regressed significantly with maximum transverse width, length, width and depth of groove on the sustentaculum tali, and length, width, and depth of the sulcus calcanei and that maximum length of the talus regressed significantly with maximum transverse width, length and width of the lateral articular surface, length of the medial articular surface, vertical and transverse diameters of the head, and depth of the sulcus tali. Maximum length of calcaneum and talus is derived from the regression values, to predict the stature of the person from available stature equations in the literature.     

需要干预经济关系论——一种经济法的认知模式

需要干预经济关系论基于对市场缺陷的动态性、干预成本的不可避免、政府失灵的普遍存在以及法治的功能局限的认识 ,界定了国家干预的范围 ,确立了干预者和被干预者之间的双向互动制衡关系 ,因而蕴含了均衡干预、有效干预、经济民主、被干预者对干预者的干预以及经济法权威的价值理念。在实践中 ,需要干预经济关系论有助于确定国家与市场的职能边界 ,有助于克服制度僵化 ,及时进行制度变迁 ,有助于促进政府体制改革 ,克服国家完全理性假设     

A micromethod for the isolation of drugs from blood using amberlite XAD-2

The extraction of drugs from small blood samples (1 ml or less) for subsequent quantitative determination is described. Isolation was carried out by adsorption of the drugs to Amberlite XAD-2 resin utilizing a batch procedure that enabled the simultaneous extraction of up to 200 samples in approx. 5 hours. A new desorption technique yielded extracts of high purity that could be used directly for gas chromatographic or radioimmunological determinations, even if hemolyzed or putrid blood was to be examined. The following 26 substances were quantitated after addition to postmortem blood speciments at concentrations of 1-10 microgram/ml: tilidine, diphenhydramine, dibenzepine, imipramine, chlorpromazine, amphetamine, pentazocine, phenacetin, methaqualone, meprobamate, parathion, diazepam, digoxin, beta-methyldigoxin, carbromal, glutethimide, amobarbital, pentobarbital, cyclobarbital, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbutamide, tolbutamide, glycodiazin, tolazamide and chlorpropamide. Thereby recoveries of 60-100% could be achieved. The reproducibility of the procedure was satisfactory as demonstrated by coefficients of variation of 3.7-8%.     

我国当前民间借贷的特点、问题及其法律对策

我国当前民间借贷市场已经进入高级阶段,资金供需两旺,并具有迅速走红网络经济的发展趋势。然而,民间借贷相关立法滞后,市场监管缺位,司法主导突出,整个市场呈现出产生发展的内生化、投资主体的多元化、交易形式的电子化、法律规则的零散化、法律地位的尴尬化以及裁判结果依赖指导性解释等特征。民间借贷组织的主体地位问题、民间借贷合同的效力认定问题、民间借贷利率的法律管制问题、网络借贷平台的风险控制问题以及民间借贷交易的信息监测问题等日益突出,加强监管立法和监管机构主动执法,依法规范民间借贷行为,严厉打击高利贷,已成为金融生态建设中民间借贷法律规制的必然选择。     

论中国民法典婚姻家庭编的立法理念与制度新规

《民法典》婚姻家庭编的编纂,根据加强国家对婚姻家庭的保护、倡导重视家庭文明建设、尊重婚姻家庭当事人的意思自治、注重夫妻婚姻家庭地位的平等、注重儿童最大利益原则的贯彻、注意保护婚姻家庭弱者的权益等立法理念,新增或修改补充了24项制度或规则,主要包括:在"一般规定"章中,新增婚姻家庭受国家保护原则,增设婚姻家庭文明建设的倡导性规定,确立最有利于被收养人原则,界定亲属的种类、近亲属和家庭成员的范围;在"结婚"章中,减少禁止结婚和无效婚姻的法定事由,修改补充可撤销婚姻制度,新增重大疾病的如实告知义务、婚姻无效或被撤销无过错方的损害赔偿请求权;在"家庭关系"章中,新增夫妻家事代理权及其限制规则、夫妻共同债务认定规则、婚内析产规则、亲子关系的确认与否认之诉规则;在"离婚"章中,新增离婚冷静期、婚姻关系解除的时间,补充诉讼离婚准予离婚的法定事由、离婚时处理子女抚养问题规则、离婚夫妻共同财产分割原则,修改离婚经济补偿、离婚经济帮助的适用条件,增加离婚损害赔偿法定事由的兜底条款;在"收养"章中,放宽被收养人的年龄和收养子女的人数限制,修改收养人的条件,增加收养评估规则等。     

论证据法上的利益衡量原则

利益衡量原则是通过利益最大化而实现实质正义的法律方法原则,一般分为利益调查、利益分析和利益协调等阶段,利益衡量的方法有价值权衡、比例原则、经济分析和参与原则,利益衡量的瑕疵有片面、武断、疏漏、失调等。客观真实的目的追求与其他相关法律或者社会价值的之间的冲突协调是证据法的中轴,而利益衡量是其中最重要的法律方法。非法证据排除、传闻证据排除、自白任意性、证人拒绝作证权、举证责任分配、证明标准的多元化等,都是利益衡量的典型例证。     

公共治理困境与公法学的理性回应

公共治理是公共行政领域一种方兴未艾的模式,但公共治理不是万能的,也存在治理"失灵",存在政府"空心化",公共行政"能力赤字"、问责过程的复杂化、成本—收益计算模糊化、公众对政府的信任度降低等困境。公共治理不仅是一个政治学术语,也是重要的法学范畴,主要表现为公共治理以依法治理为前提,是公民参与、协商合作的持续互动,是追求平等、权利、尊严的过程。所以,面对公共治理的困境,法学策略显得尤为重要,应当彰显公共利益,树立有限政府理念,增强政府核心能力;厘清责任链,建立责任政府,加强非政府组织的责任承担能力;引入成本—收益核算机制,提高公共治理的效率;减少宪法规定的社会权种类,加强国家对民生的保障力度。     

Barricaded Captive Situations in Schools: Mitigation and Response

Although not common occurrences, schools are occasionally the site of barricaded captive events. To date little research has examined these acts of school violence. The purpose of this article is to describe 19 school barricaded captive events that occurred between February, 1998 and September, 2007 in the United States. Data were analyzed by examination of news reports of each incident, and include the following variables: Incident location (state, community), school level and size, time of day of the event, location of the event within the school, age and sex of the subjects, information about the captives, presence of school resource officers, student screening mechanisms, behavioral changes of the subjects, the subject’s expected outcomes, injuries or fatalities, demands and deadlines, captive escapes and releases, weapons, incident resolution, tactical team response, and negotiations. Results pertain to incident demographics, prevention/mitigation, and response.     

A new improved method for extraction of DNA from teeth for the analysis of hypervariable loci

A new method for better recovery of DNA suitable for amplification of hypervariable loci from fragments of teeth, consisting of two steps-scraping and aspiration, and extensive decalcification-is reported. Higher yields of high molecular weight DNA were obtained from the root, pulp, and crown of all kinds of 120 teeth, irrespective of gender, age, and source of teeth. HLA DQA1, 5 poly markers (LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and Gc), and other 12 short tandem repeat loci (HPRTB, F13B, LPL, D13S317, D7S820, D5S818, D21S11, D18S51, FGA, D8S1179, D3S1358, and vWA) could be successfully amplified and typed from recovered DNA.     

论行政诉讼制度的完善与发展——《行政诉讼法》修订之构想

现行《行政诉讼法》已远不能适应现实需要 ,其修改势在必行。《行政诉讼法》的修订目标是解决行政诉讼实践中存在的问题、实现人权公约的承诺、满足入世的要求及扩充行政诉讼的功能。在具体制度上 ,应从诉讼类型、受案范围、审级制度、当事人制度、审理程序、庭审方式、审理标准、证据规则至判决制度等方面进行全面修改。此外 ,对《行政诉讼法》的修订还需要关注制度的外围环境和配套制度的建立健全。