Federal-state cooperation in science and technology programs

During the past several years participants in the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable, chaired by Richard Celeste, have discussed cooperation in science and technology programs between state and federal agencies. The result is the following paper on the potential for and means of promoting such cooperation. The roundtable is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. [It was] created in 1984 to provide a forum where scientists, administrators, and policy makers from government, university, and industry can come together on an ongoing basis to explore ways to improve the productivity of the nation's research enterprise. The object is to try to understand issues, to inject imaginative thought into the system, and to provide a setting for discussion and the seeking of common ground. The roundtable does not make recommendations, nor of fer specific advice; it develops options and brings interested parties together.     

Science serving justice: opportunities for enhancing integrity in forensic science in Africa

Forensic science is a unique discipline of applied science. At its core it is a science, yet finds its use in the application to cases that often go to a court of law. Practicing at the intersection of science and law poses distinct challenges, but also holds incredible potential in its ability to serve as a vehicle for integrity. The practice of forensic science in Africa is at a tipping point. Unchartered waters lie ahead for the continent and its forensic scientists. Often working in inadequately resourced environments, obstacles may seem insurmountable. As African forensic scientists, we can overcome these obstacles as we accept that we are connected and united in our goal to allow science to serve justice.     

PIXE技术在物证鉴定中的应用前景分析

介绍了粒子激发X-射线荧光分析技术及其在物证检验领域的应用,展望了它的前景,为我们进行气态物质分析、对界面的分析、珍贵文物的无损鉴定提出了一条新的思路。     

刑事科学技术的发展与思考

刑事科学技术是一门涉及多学科的综合性应用科学。经过广大刑事科学技术工作者半个世纪的努力拼搏，我国刑事科学技术事业已经从较为原始落后的基础上逐渐成长起来。科学理论充分发展，科技成果不断涌现，应用领域日益广阔，所起作用显著增强，已成为我国公安工作的重要组成部分。     

二代测序技术在法医学中的应用

随着二代测序技术的快速发展,其高通量和低成本在生命科学领域应用广泛,测序的通量更高,测序时间和成本不断下降,使得其被广泛应用于微生物研究、古DNA研究、临床诊断、法医学研究等。本文阐述了二代测序技术平台及其遗传标记在法医学中的应用,包括STR分型、SNP分型、HLA基因型预测以及在降解检材中的应用等。     

数字图像复原技术的原理及在刑事技术中的应用

目的介绍数字图像处理技术在刑事案件复原的应用,促进该技术的发展。方法利用数字算法、滤波、几何运算等计算机图像处理技术进行复原处理。结果对案件的隐含、残缺、微弱信息,模糊图像、变形物证复原及特征显现。结论刑事数字图像复原技术在刑事技术领域有了广阔的应用前景。     

加强科技法学学科建设纵横论

新年伊始,科技法学研究又掀起新高潮。1月10日中国科技法学会在上海召开了“科技法学学科建设研讨会”,中国科技法学会会长段瑞春教授、中国科技法学会副会长曹昌祯教授参加了会议。来自上海市人大教科文卫委员会、上海市科委、上海市信息委、上海市知识产权局、复旦大学、上海交通大学、同济大学、华东政法学院、上海大学、上海政法学院、上海电视大学和上海社科院法学所的专家学者参加了研讨。与会专家围绕科技法学的学科建设展开了认真积极地讨论,大家踊跃发言,各抒己见,欲罢不能。现将部分专家学者的发言整理刊发,以飨读者。     

适配体技术研究现状与法庭科学应用展望

适配体技术是生物科技研究中的新兴发展技术之一,具有广阔的应用前景。本文从适配体技术的发展、研究方法、特性以及应用领域进行综述,并对该技术在法庭科学中的应用做出展望,以推动我国法庭科学领域对适配体技术的研究和应用。     

浅论公安科技与标准化

本文论述了公安标准化在公安科技工作中的作用及意义,分析了公安科技的发展和公安标准化之间的关系。本文对于强化公安科技工作的科学、规范管理,充分发挥公安标准的作用具有一定的应用意义。     

The transfer of public science to patented technology: A case study in agricultural science

One of the most difficult challenges in technology transfer is to measure the movement of knowledge from basic scientific research to industrial technology. This paper will report on a study of the linkage between science supported by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and patented technology. This study traced the citations from U.S. patents issued in 1987–88 and 1993–94 to scientific research papers linked to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The number of patent citations to ARS papers, and to other USDA-supported papers has increased fourfold over the six-year period. A distinct difference also exists between the patent-cited ARS papers and patent-cited extramural USDA-supported papers: ARS papers are in more agriculturally related journals, while the extramural papers were in more basic and biomedical journals. USDA-supported papers were overwhelmingly cited by U.S.-invented patents (in a patent system in which half the patents are foreign-invented). In the primary field of ARS papers (Biology), they are cited much more often by patents than Biology papers from any other publishing organization. Since the publishing organizations and support sources of all the papers cited in these patents have now been identified, we can study the transfer of scientific results to patented technology by institution, by agency, or by any other category of patent or paper holder. The authors thank the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agricultural, especially Dr. Richard Parry, for this paper' use of the study performed for them by CHI Research, Inc. (Grant number 59-0790-6-054)     

Deliberative multi-actor dialogues as opportunities for transformative social learning and conflict resolution in international environmental negotiations

The format for formal international negotiations on environment and development sometimes prevents negotiators from truly listening to each other and adapt pre-existing positions to realize constructive conflict resolution. In this paper we present and analyse “Multi-Actor Dialogue Seminars” (MADS) as an approach to contribute to transformative social learning and conflict resolution, and the contribution to tangible and intangible outcomes in formal negotiations. Unlike negotiations, the objective of MADS is not to agree on a text, but to identify areas of agreement and disagreement, build trust and understanding and identify policy options that are tailored to different cultural-political and value systems. As a case study we use the breakdown of the negotiations at the formal Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Conference in 2010 regarding “innovative financial mechanisms,” and subsequent two international Quito Dialogues using the MADS approach. Through a composite of methods this article reveals the effects of the Quito Dialogues on formal CBD negotiations. The Quito Dialogues contributed to bringing actors out of their deadlock and thereby paving the way for constructive results in the formal CBD negotiations, evident by references in CBD Decisions adopted by 196 CBD Parties. We discuss key design and implementation factors which were decisive for these effects including the importance of a bridging organization, trust building, exploration of both convergences and divergences, involvement of participants with diverse and conflicting views early in the planning, promotion of active listening and addressing diverse knowledge systems and power asymmetries.     

University technology transfer through entrepreneurship: faculty and students in spinoffs

This research informs our understanding of the technology commercialization process in university spinoffs, focusing in particular on student involvement in the early phases of the spinoff development process and on the impact of the larger university ecosystem. Detailed case studies indicate that graduate and post-doctoral students are important participants in university spinoffs. We offer a typology of spinoff development with four pathways, based on the varying roles of faculty, experienced entrepreneurs, PhD/post-doctoral students, and business students. The effects of the larger university ecosystem, beyond the university technology transfer office and the university’s commercialization policies, are also considered, including an examination of programs and practices that may influence this process. We close with a discussion of guidelines for technology transfer and spinoff development at universities, based on the findings of this research.     

我国社会安全中的科技问题及相应对策

近些年是我国经济发展的重要战略机遇期，各地政府都提出了宏伟的建设目标。然而，建设和发展的每一步都对社会安全提出要求。保持社会稳定、安全是推进改革开放、社会主义现代化建设、全面建设小康社会的重要保证，也是经济社会发展的重要条件和构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。     

Addressing academic researcher priorities through science and technology entrepreneurship education

The Journal of Technology Transfer - A key feature of the movement to create more entrepreneurial universities is incentivizing researchers to move discoveries beyond the laboratory and into...