Where Chicago meets London: James M. Buchanan,Virginia Political Economy,and cost theory

Public Choice - The state must expend resources to credibly threaten the use of force, and the actual use of force is more costly than just exercising the threat. A population that views itself as...     

David Finkelstein and Kristen Guness,eds., Civil-Military Relations in Today’s China (Armonk,M. E. Sharpe, 2006), 326p.

Journal of Chinese Political Science -     

The politics of petroleum pricing in Ghana: Institutions,power dynamics,and social networks

The study, drawing on the political settlement approach, examines how powers, institutions, networks, and interests influence the pricing of petroleum products in Ghana. Qualitative research approach was for the study, and purposive sampling was used to interview 24 respondents. The findings suggest the existence of power struggles among the key actors in the pricing of fuel. The findings revealed that the National Petroleum Authority, bulk distribution oil companies, oil marketing companies, International Monetary Fund, and energy policy think tanks influence result into policy. Actors influence fuel prices through taxes, policy guidelines, exchange rate, and legal actions. The study recommends that capacity of the key players should be built by the Government of Ghana so as to ensure healthy competition and stability in the pricing of petroleum products in Ghana. Political interference in the pricing of fuel should be limited so that the key players can operate successfully in the petroleum downstream.