Political Star Power and Political Parties

Abstract

Political parties, and more specifically public interest groups, budget extensive amounts of time and money to use celebrity endorsers for their candidate. Do celebrities bring forth enough value to warrant the time, effort, and money expended to make their endorsements public? Using a sample of first-time voters from the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, the authors examine the extent to which celebrities influence voting while specifically assessing whether celebrity influence is greater for Republicans or Democrats. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

论在我国政党制度下推进公民有限政治参与

当前我国的政治参与存在着参与趋势扩大和参与制度滞后的矛盾,而要解决这一矛盾,有必要借鉴技术主义和平民主义的经验,鼓励人们进行有限政治参与.印要积极开发和利用现有制度资源,充分发挥政党的政治参与功能.我国的政党制度可以为人们提供充分的参与渠道,但目前这一制度在引导人们群众的参与方面优势仍然没有充分发挥出来.因此,要以制度建设为基本取向,不断完善这一制度.作为执政党的共产党要不断完善党内民主并带领实现社会民主,作为参政党的民主党派要加强自身建设并逐步担任国家领导职务.     

Political Control and Public Sector Savings: Evidence from the States

The right to access (and ultimately spend)public sector savings is determined by the party which can control the politicaloutcome. This implies that anticipatedfuture changes in the state's controllingpolitical party may systematicallyadversely affect current savings. Extendingthe Life Cycle/Permanent Income model, Ishow that a representative legislator willopt to forgo current saving in favor ofspending when his prospects for futurepolitical control diminish. Estimating apanel data model of 39 states from1973–1995, I find that an actual futurechange in the controlling party of astate's lower house significantly reducescurrent saving.     

论政治权力结构

政治权力是权力主体对权力客体的一种支配能力。本文认为对权力结构的研究应从现实的权力现象运动入手,研究政治权力的运行,运行中各种权力间以及主体与客体间的相互作用及其规律。     

论“政权党”——以当代俄罗斯和中华民国初年政党政治为例

本文详细考察了当代俄罗斯和中华民国初年的政党政治和政治制度,认为二者都是以政权党为显著特征的政党政治,表现出总统重视政党的作用,善于利用政权党来巩固政治地位但又超越政权党,具有不受任何党派约束的巨大权威;政权党虽然能得到总统的支持,但是无法成为执政党,因而表现出既支持政府又批评政府,既与政府合作又与政府斗争的特征。由此得出结论,政权党是一种在政党与政权关系问题上相对于执政党、在野党之外的又一政党类型,有其特定的历史文化基础。     

Corporate Power and Political Science

Miles Wolpin. Alternative Security and Military Dissent. Bethesda, MD: Austin &; Winfield. 1994. 286 pp. $19.95.

Peter Ackerman and Christopher Kruegler. Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994. 366 pp.

Glenn D. Paige. To Nonviolent Political Science: From Seasons of Violence. Honolulu: Center for Global Nonviolence Planning Project, Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawaii, 1993.179 pp.

Frank T. Fitzgerald. The Cuban Revolution in Crisis: From Managing Socialism to Managing Survival. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1994. 239 pp.

Mandy Macdonald and Mike Gatehouse. In the Mountains of Morazán: Portrait of a Returned Refugee Community in El Salvador. London: Latin America Bureau. 1995. 216 pp.

Catherine Samary. Yugoslavia Dismembered. Translated by Peter Drucker. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995.185 pp. (Published asLe Déchirure yougoslave, 1994, L'Harmattan.)     

Proposal Rights and Political Power

In a canonical model of sequential collective bargaining over a divisible good we show that equilibrium expected payoffs are not restricted by players' voting rights or their impatience. For all monotonic voting rules and discount factors, and for all divisions of the good among players, there exists a stationary proposal-making rule such that this division represents players' expected payoffs in a Stationary Subgame Perfect Nash equilibrium in pure strategies . The result highlights the significance of proposal rights in determining political power in collective deliberations.     

锦标赛体制、晋升博弈与地方剧场政治

政治锦标赛体制是中国政府官员的一种压力性激励范式与不容选择的政治生态。行政发包并进行量化考核、绩效排名与择优提拔,是政治锦标赛体制的主要表现形式。但实地调查表明,基层政府官员晋升往往是前台与台后多重原因作用的结果。派系关系、政治背景、社会网络等后台因素往往能左右基层干部的晋升。文章以一个县级市的乡镇干部为观察对象,检验了官员激励分析范式———锦标赛体制在基层地方官员晋升竞争中的解释力,重点对地方官员晋升博弈研究提供一个初步的描述类型学,认为推选博弈、排名博弈与借势博弈是地方官员晋升博弈的三种基本类型。本文初步提出了一个地方官员晋升决定因素的剧场分析模型,并指出,在政治锦标赛体制下,民主集中制在未来地方官员的选拔、任用中的积极作用将日益凸显。     

科学发展黑龙江省公益性农业技术推广

科学发展观,是现代农业建设的根本指导方针和战略思想.目前,黑龙江省农业技术推广机构面临的问题表现为:农业推广经费严重不足;工作条件差,生活待遇低;农业推广所的试验基地条件差,财产被侵占;农民科技需求与农业科技供给错位.相应的措施在于:学习落实科学发展观,深化农业技术推广的公益性职能认识,创新管理机构;增加投入,确保农业推广机构公益性职能的实施;统筹兼顾,处理好农业技术推广的内外关系;全面协调发展,调整农业科研、推广项目的结构;科学核编,建立结构合理稳定的农业技术推广队伍;完善政策法规,加强执法力度,保证农业技术推广与转化顺利实施.     

Policy Reform and the Problem of Private Investment: Evidence from the Power Sector

Development economists frequently emphasize the importance of good infrastructure for economic growth. Can governments attract private capital in infrastructural investments through policy reform? We address this question by showing that, in the case of electricity generation, a simple legislation enabling independent power production increases private investment in electricity generation by more than an order of magnitude. Contrary to the conventional wisdom on the importance of constraints on executive power for credible commitment, we find that such constraints neither draw private capital nor condition the effectiveness of policy reform. We also find that both domestic and foreign investment increase with IPP reform. Evidence for these claims comes from an instrumental variable analysis of power sector reforms and private electricity generation in all developing countries for the years 1982 to 2008. Simple and politically uncontroversial policies can generate positive results in developing countries.     

第三部门：农业专业经济协会作用探析

在建设社会主义新农村的宏大背景下,迫切需要解决我国的“三农”问题。农业专业经济协会作为解决我国“三农”问题的一条重要途径已被提到议事日程上。为此,需要对农业专业经济协会的定位、作用及发展对策有一个清晰的认识。     

有效性与传统政治权力的合法性

有效性是传统政治权力合法性的重要基础之一 ;在发达国家历史上的绝对主义时期和封建主义时期 ,以及欠发达国家历史上的独裁主义时期和威权主义时期 ,有效性为传统政治权力的合法性提供了重要来源。     

寝室文化建设对高校思想政治教育促进作用研究

寝室是大学生活动的基本场所,寝室文化在高校思想政治教育中具有重要的作用,高校思想政治教育工作要充分利用好这一块重要阵地,采取各种措施,开展寝室文化建设,寓教于乐,丰富学生课余活动,进一步促进大学生全面健康的发展。在寝室文化建设上,注重以人为本,个性差异,积极探索学分制管理模式下高校寝室文化建设的全新模式。让思想政治工作真正走进学生寝室,提高大学生的思想道德素质和文化素质。     

Managing the Process of Decentralization: Transforming Old Public Entities into New Agencies in the Agricultural Sector

ABSTRACT

In an effort to reconfigure the system for the delivery of agricultural services, the Regional Government of Sardinia in Italy decided, in 2006, to suppress five public entities, and to establish three regional agencies in their place. Based on interviews conducted with managers and staff within these agencies, this article narrates the episode of implementing the organizational restructuring of this part of the regional government's agricultural policy. Drawing on this case, this article then presents an explanation of the process of carrying out organizational transformations (namely, mergers and demergers) within sub-national governments' administrative systems. The study finds that policy process features and context conditions figure prominently as explanatory factors for the path and outcome of the implementation of the organizational restructuring. On the whole, the research argument made in this article suggests some qualifications of existing generalizing arguments about the management of organizational transformations in the public sector.     

财政分权、政治晋升、环境规制失灵: 一个政治经济学的分析框架

环境资源的公共产权属性决定了其容量的使用需要环境规制.对地方主要政府官员的政治激励约束机制是影响地方政府环境规制绩效的主要因素.优化政府环境规制绩效的路径选择关键在于激励与约束相容的制度安排,在于建立政府、生产企业、社会大众利益相协调的激励约束机制.     

洛克对政治权力内涵的分析

洛克在《政府论两篇》中分析了政治权力的内涵。他的学说对英美自由主义理论的发展产生了深远的影响。尽管如此,学界却一直忽视了洛克的政治权力理论,仅仅强调了他的权利理论。本文试图弥补这一缺陷。洛克分析政治权力的起点是享有财产权和自由的个体,这些个体构成了一个前政治的自由秩序。以此为基础,洛克通过社会契约解释了政治权力的生成逻辑,并在这一论证过程中赋予政治权力以特定的道德属性。他阐释政治权力内涵的另一个特点是他赋予了政治权力以一种特殊的存在形态,即"立法权力"。洛克阐述的这一政治权力有效地在理论上对抗了当时的父权理论和绝对主权理论,为他设计一个宪政国家奠定了基础。     

儒家理想政治与西汉政权

所谓儒家的理想政治,就是原始儒家设计的一种政治方案。它主要包括对君主的选择、君臣关系、对人民的态度、政治体制及救补政治弊端的措施等方面。西汉政权之所以能建立起稳定统治,其实正是采纳儒家理想政治的结果。至于汉初的“黄老政治”,只是一种过渡形式,而且也是在吸收了大量的儒学内容的基础上才形成的。