利用GSR自动分析技术检验射击残留物1例

近年来,涉枪案件特别是恶性涉枪案件呈逐年上升趋势,给社会治安造成严重威胁。如何更有效地检验涉枪案件现场遗留的痕迹物证,为此类案件的侦破、检验和鉴定提供科学、客观的法庭依据和成功率,是从事刑事痕迹检验人员的主要技术课题之一。笔     

物证检验数据库的使用

物证检验人员在日常的工作中对各类物证进行检验,每一个案件物证的检验都需要经历登记、检验、撰写检验报告、案件档案归档等多项步骤,面临大量的检验记录、报告书等文书编辑工作。一般检验人员通过WORD字处理软件打印检验报告,日积月累在计算机中便生成了大量的DOC文档,虽然其中保存有大量的案件物证检验很有价值的信息和资料,但一旦需要查询或统计相关的案件时只能一一打开文档(较方便的方法是安装了WORDVIEW程序后可以快速预览),由于操作繁复、效率低下,往往使得其中的大量信息资料难以派上用场,所以大多数的办案单位仅仅把这些DO…     

混合斑中无精子精斑DNA检验的研究

在日常性侵犯案件的DNA 检验中,经常遇到无精子精斑的混合斑,按照常规的二步消化分离法提取DNA进行STR检验则难以成功,对于此类案件常常不予检验,不能充分发挥DNA在案件中的证据作用.籍针对此类案件以Y-Plex6试剂盒对无精子精斑及其混合斑进行了检验,取得成功,现报道如下:     

100例硅藻检验综合分析及评价

通过对１００例硅藻检验鉴定结果的分析,结合案件、尸体检查,探讨硅藻检验在鉴定是否溺死案件中的注意事项及价值     

原子印章印文盖印相对时间的检验

近年来,随着原子印章的广泛应用,涉及原子章印文相对时间方面的检验案件越来越多,由于原子印章具有电脑制作、一次灌油多次使用等特点,检验难度较大,有相当一部分检验案件因受检验条件影响而     

骨松质的DNA提取方法应用

骨骼的STR检验作为尸骸个体识别的有效手段,在法庭科学中应用广泛.在工作中,经常遇到案件中只剩残肢的尸骸,无法辨认,给案件的定性带来很大难度.尸源的快速个体识别对案件定性至关重要,目前此类案件检验一般进行骨密质的DNA检验,但具有相对检验难度大、操作复杂等特点,而骨松质和骨密质均属骨组织,骨松质结构特殊,DNA含量较多...     

车辆痕迹检验在交通肇事逃逸案件中的应用

在交通事故案件中,特别是在交通肇事逃逸案件中,痕迹检验技术常常在案件侦破中发挥着关键作用。本文主要从轮胎印痕,擦划、碰撞痕迹,整体分离痕迹三个方面介绍车辆痕迹检验在交通肇事逃逸案件中的具体应用。     

从一起交通肇事案件浅谈油漆物证的提取和检验

油漆是交通肇事案件中最常见的物证,油漆物证的检验对于交通肇事逃逸案件的侦破尤为重要.对现场遗留漆片或被撞物品上附着油漆的检验,可以为案件侦破提供方向和线索;通过与嫌疑车漆片的比对,可以为证实接触事实提供证据. 本文根据一起交通肇事案件的物证检验鉴定过程,总结了油漆附着物检验的几点经验,供同行参考.     

痕迹检验技术在案件侦查中的应用

在案件侦查中,痕迹检验起着重大作用,是侦破案件的得力助手,本文从交通肇事方面和火灾案件两个侦查方面来阐述痕迹检验技术在案件侦查中的应用.     

注射他杀法医学检验6例

目的 回顾性分析注射后死亡的他杀案件,为法医学鉴定提供参考。方法 收集上海市公安局刑事侦查总队侦破的6例注射后死亡的他杀案件,整理分析案件情况、现场勘验、尸体检验等材料。结果 6例案件均为有预谋的犯罪,5例案件的嫌疑人在私密的空间作案,5例采用诱骗方式接近受害者。6例案件现场无明显异常。6例案件的受害者体表损伤轻微或者无,尸斑颜色异常,针眼样损伤与常规医疗措施的表现不同。结论 注射后死亡案件为一种高度隐蔽性犯罪案件,极易被忽略。对尸体检验发现的疑似注射针眼样损伤,应认真检验、鉴别、分析,警惕有无注射毒（药）物的情形,做好证据固定、检材提取等工作。     

519例他杀刺创的回顾性研究

本文对５１９例他杀刺创致死的案例进行了回顾性研究．结果显示死者的年龄在１６至３０岁较为突出；１—２处刺创的死者与多于１０处者在杀人动机、现场位置、罪犯与死者关系、致死手段以及血液乙醇检出率等方面存在差异；死于急性失血性休克的５１３例中，４６７例（９０％）检见左心室内膜下出血斑．     

One-in-a-million shot: a homicidal thoracic air rifle wound, a case report, and a review of the literature

A homicidal shooting with an air gun is reported. The history, mechanisms of action, and crime scene implications of air guns are discussed. The wounds produced by air guns are compared to those produced by powder firearms.     

A Retrospective Study of the Investigation of Homicidal Childhood Asphyxial Deaths

As one of the leading causes of traumatic deaths in newborns, infants, and young children, there is no anatomic or microscopic feature that is pathognomonic for asphyxial deaths. Instead, pathologists rely on investigation information, including confessions and/or witness statements, and potential evidence at the scene. Twenty cases of homicidal newborn, infant, and young children asphyxial deaths were reviewed, which included death and police investigation reports and autopsy reports, as well as histology slides of lung sections. This series of homicidal asphyxial deaths highlight that, in a vast majority of such cases, the final cause and manner of death rulings are dependent on confession by the perpetrator. Furthermore, this series highlights the possible role of histology to help forensic pathologists better certify asphyxial deaths. Finally, this series emphasizes important investigation points and considerations at autopsy during the investigation of asphyxial deaths in newborns, infants, and young children.     

Features characteristic of homicide in cases of complete decapitation

Four cases of complete decapitation connected to homicidal acts are presented. In 3 cases, decapitation was inflicted postmortem after killing the victim. The motives for decapitation were considered defensive, aggressive, and a possible combination of the 2 in one case each. In one case, decapitation was a vital injury and accounted for death. In this case, an offensive motive for mutilation was suspected. The combination of death scene findings and autopsy results will in most cases distinguish between homicidal and other modes of death.     

采用纯CO气体杀人案件的分析

一氧化碳(CO)气体中毒致人死亡多见于自杀和意外事件,采用纯CO气体杀人的案例国内罕有报道。本文报道了一起采用瓶装纯CO气体致人中毒死亡的案例,作案方式隐蔽,作案手段鲜见,且伪造了作案现场,给侦查带来一定困难。经刑事技术人员认真细致地现场勘查、尸体检验和物证提取检验,结合调查访问,最终明确了案件性质,认定了犯罪嫌疑人,全面还原了其作案过程。笔者总结分析了该案刑事技术工作中的要点和难点,希望能对同行们有所帮助。     

A Case of Accidental Fatal Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning Involving Humans and Dogs

Aluminum phosphide is one of the commonest poisons encountered in agricultural areas, and manner of death in the victims is often suicidal and rarely homicidal or accidental. This paper presents an unusual case, where two humans (owner and housemaid) and eight dogs were found dead in the morning hours inside a room of a house, used as shelter for stray dogs. There was allegation by the son of the owner that his father had been killed. Crime scene visit by forensic pathologists helped to collect vital evidence. Autopsies of both the human victims and the dogs were conducted. Toxicological analysis of viscera, vomitus, leftover food, and chemical container at the crime scene tested positive for aluminum phosphide. The cause of death in both humans and dogs was aluminum phosphide poisoning. Investigation by police and the forensic approach to the case helped in ascertaining the manner of death, which was accidental.     

Hanging: suicide or homicide?

Death by Hanging: Suicide or Homicide. Six cases of homicidal hanging and murder presented as suicidal hanging are recorded. Suspension followed strangulation by ligature or throttling and head injuries in 4 cases. Distinction between homicide and suicide was easy in 5 cases: two of the perpetrators gave themselves up to the police, one committed suicide immediately after he had hanged his 15 year old daughter; in two cases tracks of blood, heavy injuries of the victims, and traces of robbery were obvious. Unless the victim is an infant or an adult person incapacitated by drink, disease, or drugs, or unless there are several assailants murder is difficult to accomplish. Distinction between murder and suicide may be impossible by an examination of the body alone. Detailed investigation of the scene, reconstruction of the position of the suspended body, examination of the rope, the knots, the direction of the fibres on the rope may serve to discover homicidal hanging. - Compared to suicidal hanging homicide has a frequency of about 1% in our autopsy material. However, we cannot estimate the number of obscure cases.     

Nonnatural death masquerading as SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

This article relates our experiences with accidental and homicidal deaths in reported sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases. Our intent is to alert personnel in medical and health-related professions as well as death investigators (coroners, law enforcement officials, etc.) that a thorough scene investigation and history need to be obtained when a child's death has been reported, since this may modify the type of autopsy to be performed. It should not be assumed that all children less than 1 year of age who die suddenly die from SIDS.     

Firearm fatalities.

One hundred and twenty eight cases of shooting fatalities were investigated during an 11-year period. Of these 57% were homicidal shootings with 34% suicidal in nature. Only two suicidal fatalities were female. Analysis of the sites of entrance wounds confirmed the 'sites of election' in suicidal shootings, whilst homicidal wounds showed a much wider distribution. Multiple entrance wounds were seen in 42% of homicidal shootings. Injuries to hands were seen in 7 homicidal fatalities.     

Criminological and Medico-legal Aspects in Homicidal and Suicidal Sharp Force Fatalities

The interpretation of sharp force fatality dynamics may be difficult in some cases, but a contribution to analysis of the phenomenon may be provided by case studies. Therefore, the purpose of our study is focused on identifying, in observed sharp force fatalities, reliable parameters that can differentiate a homicidal and suicidal manner of death, with particular reference to criminological parameters. Data derived from sharp force fatality cases in Padua and Venice from 1997 to 2019, anonymized and collected in Excel, included personal, circumstantial, clinical, and psychopathological–criminological data, as well as crime scene investigation, necroscopic, and toxicological data. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Possible predictors of homicide were analyzed by logistic regression. Six parameters (bloodstains distant from the body, clothing lacerations, hesitation/defense wounds, number of injuries, and potential motives) were significantly different in the two groups (p < 0.05). An independent statistical association between potential motives explaining the crime (p < 0.001; OR 27.533) and homicide on multiple logistic regression analysis was highlighted. The absence of clothing lacerations was inversely related to homicide (p = 0.002, OR 0.092). To the best of our knowledge, this is one of very few Italian studies concerning the differential diagnosis between homicidal and suicidal sharp force fatalities. The dynamics of the event is established in most cases by the integrated evaluation of data from crime scene investigation and the autopsy. Nevertheless, in an atypical scenario, a psychopathological–criminological analysis may provide essential elements, and particular attention should be given to the identification of potential explanatory motives.