司法审查具有正当性

对司法审查正当性的探讨,学者们大多是从"民主的不信任"出发的。阅读了相关资料后,可以发现,当我们正积极呼吁建立这一制度时,在其发源地美国,学者更多的却是对它的怀疑与审视。而通过了解美国学者们对司法审查正当性的争论,梳理其司法审查的渊源及发展历程,明确美国法院在不同时期的司法审查态度与政策。可以肯定的是:尽管有许多学者怀疑司法审查的正当性并且提出深刻的理论批评,但司法审查的正当性毫无疑问。     

论司法审查的反多数难题及其化解之路径——兼论司法审查的正当性

司法审查的反多数难题是指非民选的法官对经过民主程序制定的立法进行审查．违反了多数人统治的民主原则。反多数难题成为困扰司法审查正当性的阿克琉斯之踵。学者们从各种角度构建理论化解这一难题，其中最具代表性的主要有比克尔的原则论、伊利的程序论和桑斯坦的最低限度论。本文通过分析司法审查的反多数难题及其化解路径．发现司法审查的正当性无法从法律内部证成．它必须借助法律的外部力量加以化解。司法审查正当性所依据的外部性力量正是政治学民主理论，该理论试图通过司法审查对民主的促进作用来解决反多数难题．进而论证司法审查的正当性。司法审查正当性理论为我国司法解释的正当性研究提供了可资借鉴的研究视角。     

在积极与消极之间：司法审查哲学刍议

司法审查主体的司法哲学直接决定着司法审查是否启动及其最终结果是合宪有效判决还是违宪无效判决.司法审查哲学分为两种:积极主义和消极主义.这两种哲学立场在司法审查中彼此较量,从而在司法审查实践中形成了四类司法审查哲学样态,即典型消极主义、入口消极主义、出口消极主义和典型积极主义.在我国,法官在司法实践中涉及司法审查时必须格外慎重.只要有可能,司法审查主体应该采取消极主义司法哲学,以回避与人大立法机关或政府行政部门发生价值冲突.而在非常必要之时则需坚决地择取积极主义司法哲学,使宪法规定的"国家尊重和保障人权"得到实然的保障.这一切取决于司法审查制度在我国的真正建立.     

构建我国侦查程序的司法审查机制

现代法治国家的典型特征是司法审查原则的确立.我国在侦查领域没有实行司法审查的制度,侦查人员也缺乏司法审查的观念,现行侦查立法中的诸多制度设计存在着严重背离司法审查原则的现象,直接导致了侦查中的违法行为.分析我国侦查程序中司法审查原则缺位所带来的问题,考察司法审查原则的起源及其意义,构建我国侦查程序中司法审查制度不仅是必要的,而且也是现实可行和司法制度改革所必然的.     

中国反倾销司法审查的范围和机构探析

我国《对外贸易法》、《反倾销条例》和最高人民法院有关审理反倾销行政案件的规定等法律文件在相当程度上已就反倾销司法审查做出回答,但仍属于"前瞻性"而非总结性的规定,内容上难免粗略.建立和完善我国的反倾销法,应当扩大反倾销司法审查的行政事项范围,将承担反倾销司法审查职能的法院专门化.     

司法审查正当性之立论与补强

司法审查制度发轫于美国1803年的"马伯里诉麦迪逊"案,几百年来,在发挥保障人权、维护宪政等作用的同时,其正当性也受到人们从权力来源、权力分立和权力制约等不同角度的质疑。针对民主性、合宪性和违宪性这三种典型诘难,亦有学者一一提出消解进路,为司法审查制度辩解,从而形成了不少研究司法违宪审查缺陷和完善的理论学说。先贤们围绕司法审查的讨论不仅丰富了法哲学的思想内涵,推动了社会制度设计与生活实践的磨合,同时也为违宪审查制度在我国的发展提供了借鉴意义。     

论对学校内部管理行为的司法审查

学校内部管理行为可能会与学生合法权益产生冲突,为保护学生合法权益,法院应对学校内部管理行为进行司法审查.笔者论述了进行司法审查的必要性,司法审查介入的前提条件,以及司法审查的范围和标准,以期对我国将来建立司法审查制度提供有益的借鉴.     

论高校教育管理纠纷司法裁处中的困境与完善路径

高校行政诉讼主体资格的确认,不仅受高校历史传统和法律地位的限制,更受到高校教育管理权的制约。我国公立高校教育管理权包括行政管理权和学术自主权,行政管理权行使接受司法审查和司法救济应无法律上的障碍,但学术自主权行使的司法审查和救济却面临制度设计上的缺失。因为大学自治彰显的是"象牙塔"内独有的学术自由与尊严,大学法治凸现的是高教治理规则与一国法制体系的呼应。自治与法治并行不悖,自治决定司法审查对教育管理的部分纠纷在裁处上的限制。依法全面规制教育管理纠纷,仅有司法审查机制远远不够,尚需构建教育仲裁制度并完善现有教育立法,以应对大学自治中的弊端。     

论行政裁量的司法审查

在混乱的裁量观和不当的司法审查强度理念下,司法对行政裁量的"隐匿"审查广泛存在。要解决"隐匿"审查的问题,则应当在裁量观、司法审查标准、审查方式、判决方式等各方面作出努力。当然,该问题的最终解决赖于《行政诉讼法》的修订,而新修改的《行政诉讼法》并没对此作出整体性的规定。     

论多向度的司法民主

看待司法民主必须有一种多向度的视角.司法的直接民主与代议制民主、司法的回应型民主与协商民主、司法的程序民主与实质民主等共同体现出司法民主的多重价值与功能.在单向度视角下,我们期望人民陪审员制度承载过多的、其本身难以实现的功能.多向度的司法民主观可以有效地回应理论界对司法民主理论的质疑,也为我国的司法民主化建设指明新的方向.我国事实上已经开始了多向度司法民主建设的实践.     

Managing Money Online

正Internet financial products have enjoyed huge success,but will they change the landscape of China’s financial sector?Wang Kang,27,works for a Beijing branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC),a major state-owned commercial bank in China and the largest bank     

International Reactions

正China Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi severely criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine,calling it a brazen affront to people of all countries that suffered from Japanese aggression and colonial rule.     

PEOPLE

正"Reading books gives you access to the knowledge and culture of the people of different countries.The main problem facing China and Turkey in the field of literature is the lack of translated books."Chinese writer and Nobel laureate Mo Yan,calling for more translated literature works at a news briefing in Istanbul on February 22     

NUMBERS

正58 Number of approval items that the State Council canceled or delegated to lowerlevel governments to streamline administration on November 24 $2.3 blnvalue of agreements signed between businesses from Singapore and east China’s Zhejiang Province at the 10th SingaporeZhejiang Economic and Trade Council meeting held in Singapore on November 24 4% Decrease in business revenues in China’s telecom sector in October     

WORLD

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A White-Hot Battle

正Backing a price war between cab-booking apps serves the larger ambition of China’s Internet companies Han Yonghui is a cabbie in Beijing.After a taxi fare increase in 2013,he makes roughly 5,000 yuan($823)a month,just about enough to feed his family.Recently,Han started using cab-hailing mobile software to pick up customers who order taxis via smartphone.Benefiting from an increasingly fierce competition of rewards between two of the most popular apps for this purpose,he can receive up to 2,250 yuan($370)     

ThePolitical TricksofAbe

正Japan’s leader hopes to salvage his power by way of an early election Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe dissolved the House of Representatives,or the lower house in the country’s bicameral parliament,on November 21.A consequent snap election will be held on December 14,two years ahead of schedule.In recent months,the Japanese economy has continued to slide and entered a technical     

Mid-Term Misfortune

正Barack obama strives for a sound legacy Predictably,the U.S.Republican Party(GOP)took back the Senate after eight years in a landslide victory during the mid-term congressional election in November.While the GOP is still in control of the House of Representatives,it also gained ground in state governor elections in Illinois,Maryland,Iowa and Colorado—the traditional spheres of influence of the Democrats.     

Chinese Machinery Maker Explores overseas Market

正The 15th Russia International Show of Construction Equipment and Technologies(CTT)was held in Moscow from June 3 to 7.Liuzhou OvM Machinery Co.Ltd.attended the exhibition with its prestressed products."At the moment,infrastructure construction such as housing,elec-tric power and railway is continuing to expand in Russia,and given that the country’s import of machinery     

Doing Justice To the Past

正China has declared Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe an unwelcome visitor following his recent visit to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine.When asked whether Chinese leaders would listen to his explanations for the shrine visit in person,a Foreign Ministry spokesman ruled out the possibility by saying that Abe has"shut the door"on dialogue.China is not alone.The U.S.State Department also expressed disappointment at Abe’s visit