A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF VOLUME CONTRACT UNDER ROTTERDAM RULES

Volume contract as a new regime was introduced into the Rotterdam Rules by the proposal of the U.S. Delegation, which has pros and cons in terms of its inclusion. We shall admit that, since the early form of service contract has been successfully applied in the transportation trade in the U.S., this regime indeed has its vitality. The author hereunder focuses on the inclusion of volume contract in the Rotterdam Rules, and introduces the history of the advent of service contract in the U.S. and then the advantages of the service contract of its application. Furthermore, the author analyzes the relevant provisions regarding volume contract in the Rotterdam Rules, as well as some critiques with respect to the concept of volume contract and provisions accordingly in the rules.     

THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD AND THE NEED FOR ITS INCORPORATION INTO A BILL OF RIGHTS

In this article I discuss the failure of most democratic countries to accept or properly implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, despite, except in the case of the United States, having ratified it. I consider the domestic implementation of treaties. I discuss, from an Australian perspective, that country's failure to enact a Bill of Rights and argue that children in Australia have suffered as a result. I also discuss judicial approaches to international law and compare the situation in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand and suggest that even in those countries that do have a Bill of Rights, it is not oriented toward children and therefore does not properly recognize their rights.