在命案侦破中法医参与现场分析的重要性

刑事侦查工作,包括侦查破案、预防犯罪和控制犯罪三项任务。刑事案件中,命案最为重要,而现场勘查,是命案侦破中最好、最重要的环节。现场勘查的诸多工作中,最主要的是采证和现场分析。命案侦破中最常用的技术手段是法医技术,法医对命案的勘验分析,是破案的首要环节,决定着命案侦查的方向和思路。因此,命案侦破中将法医技术与现场分析相结合是十分重要的。近些年来,公安系统的法医工作出现了就技术论技术、鉴定活动与破案相脱离的势态,这是不可取的。加强理论功底,不断提高分析判断水平,是法医工作者增强自身专业素质的当务之急。     

The Value of Crime Scene and Site Visitation by Forensic Psychologists and Psychiatrists

Site visits and crime scene visitation by forensic psychologists and psychiatrists may enhance the accuracy and credibility of their forensic work in criminal, civil, and other important contexts. This ethically sound technique of after‐the‐fact data collection and verification offers numerous potential benefits to the forensic mental health professional: clarifying the subject's actions, assessing the reliability of witness reports, identifying contextual determinants of behavior, and more fully illuminating subject motivation and decision‐making. Limitations and suggested guidelines for conducting site visits are offered. Guidelines include preplanning, arranging for an informed guide to accompany and narrate the visit, and conducting the site visit prior to forensic examinations.     

The Role of Forensic Botany in Crime Scene Investigation: Case Report and Review of Literature

Management of a crime is the process of ensuring accurate and effective collection and preservation of physical evidence. Forensic botany can provide significant supporting evidences during criminal investigations. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of forensic botany in the crime scene. We reported a case of a woman affected by dementia who had disappeared from nursing care and was found dead near the banks of a river that flowed under a railroad. Two possible ways of access to crime scene were identified and denominated “Path A” and “Path B.” Both types of soil and plants were identified. Botanical survey was performed. Some samples of Xanthium Orientalis subsp. Italicum were identified. The fall of woman resulted in external injuries and vertebral fracture at autopsy. The botanical evidence is important when crime scene and autopsy findings are not sufficient to define the dynamics and the modality of death.     

司法鉴定人出庭质证若干问题探讨

2005年颁布的《全国人大常委会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》(以下简称"《决定》")规定:"当事人对鉴定意见有异议的,鉴定人应当出庭作证"。随着我国法律制度的不断完善,司法改革的继续推进,庭审方式日趋成熟,鉴定人出庭质证已成为我国诉讼过程中重要的一环。根据相关法律并结合实践对司法鉴定的一些认识,本文是对司法鉴定人出庭质证制度一些问题的看法和建议。     

Hierarchical,Three‐Dimensional Measurement System for Crime Scene Scanning

We present a new generation of three‐dimensional (3D) measuring systems, developed for the process of crime scene documentation. This measuring system facilitates the preparation of more insightful, complete, and objective documentation for crime scenes. Our system reflects the actual requirements for hierarchical documentation, and it consists of three independent 3D scanners: a laser scanner for overall measurements, a situational structured light scanner for more minute measurements, and a detailed structured light scanner for the most detailed parts of tscene. Each scanner has its own spatial resolution, of 2.0, 0.3, and 0.05 mm, respectively. The results of interviews we have conducted with technicians indicate that our developed 3D measuring system has significant potential to become a useful tool for forensic technicians. To ensure the maximum compatibility of our measuring system with the standards that regulate the documentation process, we have also performed a metrological validation and designated the maximum permissible length measurement error E_MPE for each structured light scanner. In this study, we present additional results regarding documentation processes conducted during crime scene inspections and a training session.     

犯罪现场勘查工作的科学化规范化和理论化——《李昌钰博士犯罪现场勘查手册》评介

美籍华裔刑事鉴定专家李昌钰博士所著《李昌钰博士犯罪现场勘查手册》是一本犯罪现场勘查理论与实践的集大成之作,集中反映了犯罪现场勘查理论与实践的最高新成果。该书提出的注重现场勘查中普及运用先进技术、坚持技术勘验与综合侦查并重、现场双向保护等诸多理念及术语,是对其数十年犯罪现场勘查工作的系统总结,是对犯罪现场勘查工作的科学化、规范化和理论化。     

The Role of Forensic Botany in Solving a Case: Scientific Evidence on the Falsification of a Crime Scene

Forensic botany can provide useful information for pathologists, particularly on crime scene investigation. We report the case of a man who arrived at the hospital and died shortly afterward. The body showed widespread electrical lesions. The statements of his brother and wife about the incident aroused a large amount of suspicion in the investigators. A crime scene investigation was carried out, along with a botanical morphological survey on small vegetations found on the corpse. An autopsy was also performed. Botanical analysis showed some samples of Xanthium spinosum, thus leading to the discovery of the falsification of the crime scene although the location of the true crime scene remained a mystery. The botanical analysis, along with circumstantial data and autopsy findings, led to the discovery of the real crime scene and became crucial as part of the legal evidence regarding the falsity of the statements made to investigators.