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Måns Nilsson Marc Pallemaerts Ingmar von Homeyer 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(4):337-350
Pressure is mounting for states to become better at integrating its environmental policies into sector policy, a challenge
often referred to as environmental policy integration (EPI). Policy research on EPI has grown to become a distinct and substantial
field of study at the national and EU levels, where political commitment and interest in the topic have been large. In the
study of international regimes, EPI analytical concepts have so far not been applied although the EPI quest is at least as
important and critical at this level. This special issue addresses this gap, by combining these two sets of literature and
examining various aspects of EPI in international regimes, its manifestations and its challenges. This introductory paper
introduces key conceptual discussions underlying the development of this special issue, distils and discusses some of the
key findings and messages from the four ensuing research articles and presents directions for future research. It finds that
many EPI challenges and institutional barriers are strongly accentuated at international levels of governance, but also that
similarities with the national level suggest that closer interactions between the two fields of study are warranted. At both
levels, the EPI “game” is full of inherent tensions and goal conflicts, institutional constraints abound, and cognitive interactions
and learning processes appear as key mechanisms to advance EPI. Suggestions for how to enhance EPI in international regimes
are still tentative, and analysis beyond international relations and regime theory is needed to capture potential institutional
innovations for advancing EPI. 相似文献
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This article criticizes the ‘ethnic’ conception of organized crime and puts forward an alternative view that does not put
ethnicity first, but rather social networks and situational context. It focuses upon Chinese organized crime, a phenomenon
where the preoccupation with ethnicity is paramount, and compares findings from extensive research into two different transnational
criminal activities that are carried out by Chinese offenders in the Netherlands. The first topic, human smuggling, is well
researched, whereas research into the second topic, trafficking in precursors (the basic ingredients for the production of
synthetic drugs), is largely lacking. The article highlights the major theoretical and empirical similarities and differences
between these two criminal activities and discusses the relevance of the main findings for theory and research. 相似文献
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Andreas Schloenhardt 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1999,32(3):203-233
The trafficking of migrants around the world hasbecome a multi-billion-dollar business for criminalorganisations. Over the last ten years, thousands ofmigrants have been moved illegally acrossinternational borders with the assistance ofprofessional trafficking organisations.The increasing number of people forced or willing tomove abroad as well as the restrictions placed onlegitimate migration systems have translated intoorganized crime. Around the world, traffickingorganisations have learned to take advantage of thisstructural inequality, creating sophisticated channelsof illegal migration while exploiting those forced orwilling to migrate.This article seeks to examine traffickingorganisations in light of the most recent theories andinterpretations of organized crime, that is theeconomic analysis of transnational criminalorganisations. With respect to the elaboration offuture countermeasures on national, regional andinternational levels, the aim of this article is toidentify more precisely the major organisational andoperational features of the migrant traffickingbusiness.The article begins with an introductory discussion ofthe economic approach to organized crime in part 1.Part 2 analyses the illegal market in which criminalorganisations, in particular traffickers, operate.This provides the working basis for the examination ofthe migrant trafficking organisation in part 3 of thearticle. 相似文献
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Georgios Papanicolaou 《Trends in Organized Crime》2008,11(4):379-409
Using the concept of global prohibition regimes as an analytical point of departure, this article interrogates the development
and results of the agitation campaign that relayed the new global prohibition regime against trafficking for sexual exploitation
in Greece after 1995. In line with the international trend towards the issue of trafficking in the 1990s, the Greek campaign
has been successful in shaping perceptions of the change in the Greek sex industry on the basis of an equation of prostitution,
trafficking and transnational organized crime, and it also successfully capitalized on transnational supports to induce changes
in legislation and public policy. However, a critical examination of the Greek situation suggests that there is a considerable
discrepancy between the above conceptualisation and the knowledge of the issue emerging from the activities of criminal justice
agencies. The examination of the general conditions of economic exploitation and social marginalization of migrants in Greece
in the 1990s and after reveals significant homologies between the social organization of the sex industry and other sectors
of the economy that have depended on migrant labour. This result underscores the nature of the idea of organized crime as
an ideological construct acting as a diversion from more substantive paths of inquiry into the structures of national economy
that bear upon the exploitation of sexual labour.
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Georgios PapanicolaouEmail: |
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Georgi Petrunov 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(2-3):165-183
Often the criminal activities, especially organized criminal groups are aimed at generating large amounts of money in a short period of time. However, the criminal organizations differ in their approach to revenue management. This article focuses on the management of proceeds acquired from human trafficking and presents the results of an empirical study on the topic. This study is based on 152 semi-structured interviews conducted with sex workers, traffickers, law-enforcement representatives, and prosecutors. The article explores the movement of money within the criminal organizations, the methods of bookkeeping and accounting, and the basic techniques for laundering the proceeds acquired from sex trafficking from Bulgaria to Western Europe. By describing how the criminals engaged in human trafficking for sexual exploitation manage the money generated from this type of criminal activity, a better understanding of the criminal phenomenon itself can be attained. 相似文献
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《Trends in Organized Crime》2009,12(3-4):379-384
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《Journal of criminal justice》2014,42(2):123-133
PurposeKnowing sites used by serial sex offenders to commit their crimes is highly beneficial for criminal investigations. However, environmental choices of serial sex offenders remain unclear to this date. Considering the challenges these offenders pose to law enforcement, the study aims to identify sites serial sex offenders use to encounter and release their victims and investigate their stability across crime series.MethodsThe study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to identify victim encounter and release sites used by 72 serial sex offenders having committed 361 sex offenses. Additional LCA are performed to investigate the stability of these offense environments across offenders' crimes series.ResultsDistinct profiles of crime sites that are recurrent across crime series are found, suggesting that serial sex offenders present a limited diversity of victim encounter and victim release sites. Encounter sites representative of longer crime series are also identified. Specifically, the use of sites known to "attract" potential victims decreases over series and offenders become more risk-taking in regard of sites used to encounter their victims.ConclusionsThe study identifies patterns of site- selection for the victim encounter and release in cases of serial crimes. Implications for crime linkage and police investigations strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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Brenda Carina Oude Breuil Dina Siegel Piet van Reenen Annemarieke Beijer Linda Roos 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(1):30-46
In this paper we focus on the ways ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’ are imagined in the narratives on women who have been trafficked
to West Europe for sexual exploitation. Three specific domains: international/national law, local law enforcement and ethnographic
academic perspective are particularly important as they strongly influence political reaction to trafficking and describe
the phenomenon from the perspective of the individuals concerned. In our analysis, an explanation of the diversity of the
perceptions in these three domains is provided. 相似文献
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International trafficking in humans for sexual exploitation is an economic activity driven by profit motives. Laws regarding commercial sex influence the profitability of trafficking and may thus affect the inflow of trafficking to a country. Using two recent sources of European cross country data we show that trafficking of persons for commercial sexual exploitation (as proxied by the data sets we are using) is least prevalent in countries where prostitution is illegal, most prevalent in countries where prostitution is legalized, and in between in those countries where prostitution is legal but procuring illegal. Case studies of two countries (Norway and Sweden) that have criminalized buying sex support the possibility of a causal link from harsher prostitution laws to reduced trafficking. Although the data do not allow us to infer robust causal inference, the results suggest that criminalizing procuring, or going further and criminalizing buying and/or selling sex, may reduce the amount of trafficking to a country. 相似文献