两株不同血清型禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的理化特性研究

禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌Ｐ１０５９（８∶Ａ 型） 和Ｃ４８１（５∶Ａ 型） 对营养的需要较高,在一般培养基上生长不良,相比之下,Ｃ４８１比Ｐ１０５９ 生长更差,但在胰蛋白胨肉汤和加５ ｍ Ｌ／Ｌ 血清的普通培养基中两株菌均生长丰盛;两株菌的生长曲线显示,Ｃ４８１在对数生长期的繁殖速度较快,最高菌数略低,但衰落期细菌死亡速度较慢;对培养基中ＮａＣｌ 含量的要求,Ｃ４８１ 为０ ～２ ．７ ％ ,Ｐ１０５９ 为０ ．９ ％ ～２ ．１ ％ ;对ｐＨ 的要求,Ｃ４８１ 为７ ．４ ～７ ．８ ,Ｐ１０５９ 为７ ．０ ～７ ．４ ;两株细菌用小白鼠连续传５ 代复壮后,对小白鼠的最小致死量（ ＭＬＤ） ,Ｃ４８１为６ 个菌,Ｐ１０５９ 为９ 个菌。     

以包涵体形式表达的猪带绦虫六钩蚴重组抗原的复性与纯化

应用比浊法、可溶性蛋白百分比、夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ及变性与非变性ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ等方法来评价猪带绦虫六钩蚴重组抗原的不同复性条件。透析法复性,透析液为含２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素,１６０μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＥＧ４０００,１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ０．１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＧＳＨＧＳＳＧ的ｐＨ９．０的ＴｒｉｓＨＣｌ缓冲液,蛋白浓度为２～５ｍｇ／ｍＬ,以静置缓慢透析为佳,上述条件任意缺一或快速透析,则免疫活性下降,二聚体、多聚体明显增加;稀释法复性,复性液为上述透析液,蛋白浓度０．１ｍｇ／ｍＬ,以分步缓慢稀释为佳。透析法复性与稀释法复性最佳条件的实验结果无显著差别。透析法复性的重组蛋白进行Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６ＦＦ分子筛凝胶层析,出现２个主峰,收集有免疫活性的第１峰进行ＤＥＡＥＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ离子交换层析,用含５０ｇ／ＬＮａＣｌ、ｐＨ９．０的ＴｒｉｓＨＣｌ缓冲液洗脱,亦出现２个主峰,收集有免疫活性的第１峰。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ显示该峰为单一蛋白条带,蛋白纯度大于９０％。夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测免疫活性,每１ｍｇ蛋白的效价大于６×１０５。     

西咪替丁对鸡细胞和体液免疫功能的作用

观察了西咪替丁和左旋咪唑对鸡细胞和体液免疫功能的作用。对２８ 日龄鸡每天分别按２ ．５ 、１０ ．０ 、１００ ．０ 和４００ ．０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重西咪替丁或２ ．５ 、１０ ．０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重左旋咪唑饮水给药，连用３ ｄ 后再分别肌肉注射绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ） 和牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ） 或布鲁氏菌（ＢＡ） 抗原。测定外周血淋巴细胞转化率和ＣＤ＋４ ／ＣＤ＋８ 淋巴细胞比值；测定血清ＳＲＢＣ、ＢＳＡ、ＢＡ 抗体效价和血清补体总活性。结果表明，西咪替丁能明显增强鸡外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞功能，但对Ｂ 淋巴细胞无明显影响；明显升高血清ＳＲＢＣ、ＢＳＡ、ＢＡ 抗体效价；１０ ．０ ～４００ ．０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重西咪替丁能明显升高ＣＤ＋４ ／ＣＤ＋８ 淋巴细胞比值和血清总补体活性。西咪替丁与左旋咪唑相比具有非常类似的作用。     

人工感染vMDV雏鸡IL-2活性和淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化

对１ 日龄ＡＡ 肉用雏鸡人工感染马立克氏病强毒（ｖ ＭＤＶ） 后,脾Ｔ 淋巴细胞ＩＬ２ 诱生活性和Ｔ 淋巴细胞增殖反应减弱（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 或显著减弱（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;ＭＤ 平均发病率为３３ ．７５ ％ ,平均死亡率为１１ ．２５ ％     

宁夏鸡隐孢子虫病调查及人工感染试验

１９９４年８月至１９９６年１０月，对宁夏回族自治区银南、银北、固原３地区１２县（市）５４个鸡场共计４５９０４只鸡进行了隐孢子虫感染情况抽样调查。结果，隐孢子虫阳性率达３６．８１％（２１２／５７６），其中蛋用鸡阳性率为３７．５３％（１４０／３７３），肉用鸡阳性率为３６．２３％（５０／１３８），差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；银南、银北、固原三地区阳性率分别为５４．５５％（６／１１），４１．９４％（１９５／４６５）和１１．００％（１１／１００），银南地区感染率显著高于固原地区（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用从自然感染鸡中收集的隐孢子虫卵囊人工感染雏鸡９批次，感染鸡排卵潜伏期３～１３ｄ，平均７ｄ；排卵持续期１４～３４ｄ，平均２４ｄ；其症状与自然病例相似。通过卵囊形态学鉴定，认为宁夏鸡感染的隐孢子虫属贝氏隐孢子虫（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｓｏｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｂａｉｌｅｙｉ）。     

采用特异性探针药物法对双峰驼CYP1A酶体外活性的测定

为探究双峰驼CYP1A酶体外活性及其对外源性药物代谢的影响,首先采用差速离心法制备双峰驼肝微粒体,并优化其体外孵育体系,然后采用高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定双峰驼肝微粒体孵育体系中CYP1A酶特异性底物非那西丁的代谢产物对乙酰氨基酚的动态含量,并借助Origin Pro8.6软件计算CYP1A酶的动力学参数。结果表明,双峰驼肝微粒体具有良好的酶活性,其蛋白质含量为1.652mg/g±0.341mg/g。经优化后孵育体系的最适宜底物的质量浓度为200μg/mL,最佳肝微粒体的质量浓度为4.95mg/mL,最适宜孵育时间为30min。双峰驼CYP1A酶体外孵育体系的最大反应速度为0.224 6nmol/(min·mg)±0.041 8nmol/(min·mg),米氏常数为5.577 9μmol/L±0.634 2μmol/L,内在代谢清除率为0.080 4(mL·min)/mg±0.023 1(mL·min)/mg。结果表明,本试验通过借助特异性探针药物动力学特征的研究,成功检测了双峰驼CYP1A酶的体外代谢活性。     

肝片形吸虫体内谷氨酸的定性及定量研究

用反相梯度洗脱柱前衍生化荧光检测高压液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ），测得肝片形吸虫体内谷氨酸（ＧＡ）的含量为８２．３０μｇ／ｇ±９．５３μｇ／ｇ虫湿重，虫体尾部ＧＡ含量略高于头部。经体外培养证实，肝片形吸虫能摄取外源性ＧＡ。     

大型鸡场带鸡消毒剂筛选和消毒效果评价

在西宁华青蛋禽公司用正交试验进行试验设计，用定量载体试验测定过氧乙酸、百毒杀、杀特灵、消毒王４种消毒剂对蜡样芽胞杆菌４００１株芽胞的杀灭率。经直观分析、方差分析、多重比较等方法综合评价，以消毒王最佳。最佳消毒搭配为Ａ４Ｂ２Ｃ１，即消毒王的浓度为１∶１０００，用量为９０ｍｌ／ｍ２，雾滴直径为１４０μｍ，作用时间３０ｍｉｎ。实地试验鸡群（１３５６３只）从１日龄开始，每天带鸡消毒１次，直至育成结束，死淘率比３个对照鸡群平均下降６．１１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染率下降９．１７％，鸡毒霉形体感染率下降５０．８３％。试验鸡群进入产蛋阶段后，在２０２ｄ内比对照鸡群少死淘３８５只；观察１９７ｄ的产蛋情况，试验鸡群比对照鸡群多产蛋６４７６ｋｇ，按开产时鸡数计，每只鸡平均多产蛋０．５９ｋｇ     

禽流感实验室诊断方法(续前)

６．２酸沉淀法浓缩鸡胚尿囊液中的ＡＩＶ群特异性抗原将疑似ＡＩＶ感染的鸡胚尿囊液置４℃预冷。用１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ将预冷尿囊液ｐＨ调至４．０（±０．５），一般１ｍＬ尿囊液需１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ０．０３ｍＬ。将酸化的尿囊液冰浴６０ｍｉｎ。４℃１０００ｇ离...     

检测减蛋综合征抗体间接ELISA法的建立及应用

用蔗糖不连续梯度纯化的减蛋综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）病毒包被ＥＬＩＳＡ板，建立了检测ＥＤＳ－７６抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法。经测定，抗原最适包被浓度为１μｇ／ｍＬ，待检血清最佳稀释度为１２００，以ＯＤ４９０＞０．３，Ｐ／Ｎ＞２．１判为阳性结果。对４个鸡场的１２０份鸡血清进行检测，阳性率分别为０，４３．３３％，８０．００％和９３．３３％。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.