男性青少年X线片的骨骺特征及年龄推断

根据骨骺的愈合程度推断青少年年龄。本文对河南周口地区 2 10名 13～ 2 0周岁的男性青少年拍摄了左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节的X线片。对上述关节的近端及远端骨骺进行观察分析 ,选取与年龄变化关系密切的2 7项骨骺愈合指标。并对其进行分级、评分 ,用SPSS软件进行统计学处理 ,建立了多关节骨骺愈合程度推断男性青少年年龄的多元回归方程。选取了其中 4个复相关系数最高 (r =0 75 8～ 0 787) ,且标准误最低者 (SE =1 0 136～1 0 70 1)的多元回归方程。根据多个关节的骨骺愈合情况综合评价判定青少年的年龄 ,可提高年龄判定的准确性。     

男性青少年左右侧骨骺愈合推断年龄的差异

目的比较左右侧骨骺愈合差异对推断年龄的影响。方法观察130名男性青少年全身六大关节及骨盆X线片上27个骨骺愈合指标,比较左右侧骨骺愈合程度有差异的部位及级别;左右两侧分别用多元回归方程推算年龄,做比较分析。结果76例左右侧推算年龄一致,47例左、右侧差值小于0.5岁,7例差值在0.50～1.0岁之间,94.6%左右侧推算年龄误差在0.5岁内。左右骨骺愈合差异多见于肱骨近端、桡骨远端、尺骨远端、髂嵴。结论左右愈合度的细微差异对年龄推断无统计学意义。左右骨骺愈合差别不存在一侧的偏向性。     

成像技术用于锁骨年龄推断的研究进展

锁骨内侧端和肩峰端随年龄变化具有一定规律性,尤其是内侧端骨骺愈合程度,对于30岁以下的年龄推断具有重要价值。国内外法医人类学家对锁骨大体解剖及影像特点进行了大量研究,积累了丰富的科研和应用基础。CT和MRI等影像新技术的应用将有望提高锁骨年龄推断的准确性。     

中国豫北地区17～78岁人群锁骨骨骺愈合情况及年龄推断

目的通过观察分析锁骨内侧骨骺的愈合情况,评价其在年龄推断中的作用。方法收集343对已知年龄和性别的尸体锁骨,以1岁为组,观察分析锁骨内侧端骨骺愈合亭台变化,根据软骨细胞失去增值能力,骺软骨骨板被骨组织所代替情况进行分级分析,对所得数据进行统计学分析,按17～30岁和31岁以上年龄分组进行比较。结果男性和女性的锁骨最早于18岁开始愈合,22岁愈合完全。完全愈合时间在男性最迟为32岁,而女性为31岁。不同性别的骨骺愈合情况在两个年龄组中存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论锁骨骨骺愈合情况随年龄的增长呈规律性变化,特别是17～32岁年龄段,根据锁骨骨骺愈合情况推断年龄,在法医学实践中有应用价值。     

膝关节MRI活体年龄推断研究进展

骨骺发育随年龄增长呈现一定的规律,通过该规律推断年龄,可服务于司法、医学、考古等多个领域。MRI作为一种无侵入性的骨骺发育阶段的评估方法,被广泛应用于活体年龄推断。近年来,机器学习发展迅速,显著提升了活体年龄推断的有效性和可靠性,是目前研究的主要发展方向之一。本文通过总结膝关节MRI推断年龄的分析方法,介绍目前研究动态并展望后期应用趋势。     

青少年膝、踝关节骨骺闭合趋势与骨龄鉴定

目的 针对当代青少年膝、踝关节骨骺发育的特点,分析青少年骨骺生长发育的变化趋势,并探讨其在活体年龄鉴定中应用的可能性. 方法 摄取华东、华中、华南三地区1 709名年龄介于11-21周岁两性青少年双侧膝、踝关节正侧位X线片,从上述关节中遴选出股骨远端、胫骨近端、腓骨近端、胫骨远端及腓骨远端骨5个骨骺作为骨骼发育指标,观察各个骨骺的发育情况;通过统计分析得出各骨骺在不同年龄组中处于骨骺闭合等级的比例,确定研究膝、踝关节骨骺闭合的纳入人群,并计算出每个骨骺闭合的年龄范围.结果 与上世纪60年代的研究资料相比,5个骨骺闭合年龄提前约2-3岁;与本世纪初的其他研究相比,结果 基本一致. 结论 利用骨骺闭合时间推断活体年龄所依据的数据得到有效更新,并对当代两性青少年年龄界定有重要的指导意义.     

应用踝关节MRI T1WI推断活体年龄

目的分析踝关节MRI T1加权图像中胫骨、腓骨远端及跟骨骨骺发育特点,为踝关节MRI成像是否有助于青少年14、16及18岁年龄推断提供明确的答案。方法收集1025例8-25岁的汉族青少年踝关节MRI T1加权图像,探索年龄与分期之间的相关性,分析各期年龄分布的性别差异,并建立推断个体是否年满14、16及18岁的Logistic回归方程。结果年龄与胫骨、腓骨远端及跟骨骨骺分期呈正相关。胫骨、腓骨远端骨骺完全闭合的最小年龄为男性14岁,女性13岁;跟骨骨骺完全闭合的最小年龄为男性14岁,女性11岁。除胫骨、腓骨3期,各期年龄分布性别差异有统计学意义。判断个体是否年满14、16及18岁的方程的推断准确率分别为:男性97.52%,90.08%,82.64%;女性97.59%,97.59%,87.95%。结论踝关节MRI T1加权图像在法医鉴定的活体年龄推断中具有重要的意义。     

四川省阿坝地区藏族青少年膝关节骨发育趋势

目的探讨四川省藏族青少年膝关节骨发育趋势,更新利用膝关节骨龄推断我国藏族青少年活体年龄的数据资料。方法在我国四川省阿坝地区调查483例14~19周岁藏族男、女性青少年膝关节X线片,选取股骨远端、胫骨近端及腓骨近端骨骺作为骨骼发育指标,观察骨骺发育情况,并运用SPSS 16.0统计学软件计算出青少年膝关节骨骺闭合年龄的描述性数据。结果膝关节中,闭合最早的骨骺是股骨远端骨骺,闭合最晚的是腓骨近端骨骺,其中女性青少年膝关节骨骺发育较男性提前约1岁左右。结论应用于法医学活体骨龄鉴定的藏族青少年相关数据资料应定期更新。本研究结果可为法医学、人类学及临床医学等相关学科在进行骨龄评价时提供参考。     

江陵古尸的年龄推断

<正> 尸体的年龄推断,通常根据其牙齿、骨骼及其愈合程度、毛发等方面资料综合判定。在江陵古尸研究中,年龄推断是重要研究项目之一。本文主要根据其牙齿的磨耗程度和胫骨哈弗氏管径的大小推断古尸的年龄。并以四种推断年龄的方法进行比较,仅“全口牙磨耗值计     

海南汉族男性青少年骨骺愈合年龄的X光研究

利用X光拍片技术,对331例海南汉族男性青少年左半身各大关节的骨骺进行观察研究,找出了骨骺开始愈合、大部分愈合和完全愈合的年龄段,结果适应中国南方汉族男性青少年的“骨龄”判定,为男性青少年罪犯的年龄鉴定提供了科学依据。     

The Utility of the Proximal Epiphysis of the Fifth Metatarsal in Age Estimation

Radiographs of 277 living individuals were assessed via a numerical scoring system to determine the timing of appearance and degree of fusion between the proximal epiphysis of the fifth metatarsal and its diaphysis. The epiphysis was observed to first appear in females at 8 years and 10 years in males and fuse by 14 years in females and 15 years in males. When assessing the level of agreement of category assignment, inter‐observer agreement was 78% for females and 64% for males whereas intra‐observer agreement was 77% for females and 86.1% for males. These results suggest that the maturation of the proximal epiphysis of the fifth metatarsal may be of value in age estimation in the child and that the scoring system is sufficiently robust to merit continued investigation. Previously this epiphysis has been considered an inconstant feature, but this research confirmed its presence in all individuals studied.     

Age estimation using CT imaging of the third molar tooth, the medial clavicular epiphysis, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis: a multifactorial approach

A multi-factorial method for estimating age was devised based on the development of the 3rd molar tooth, the medial clavicular epiphysis, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, using multiple regression as the means to construct age estimation formulae and CT scanning as the imaging modality. The sample consisted of approximately 600 individuals from a contemporary Australian population, between the ages of 15 and 25 years, who were admitted to the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia, for the purposes of medico-legal death investigation. Results show that the spheno-occipital synchondrosis does not contribute to the age estimation model for this age cohort. The regression computation for the 3rd molar tooth and medial clavicle, when combined into a single multiple regression calculation, provides a robust model with tighter age ranges at the 95% confidence interval (CI) than when each age marker is used individually. This research provides a method to estimate age for unknown age Australian individuals in the problematic age group of 15-25 years with greater precision than previously possible.     

基于CT扫描并图像重组青少年锁骨胸骨端骨龄数学模型

目的利用我国青少年锁骨胸骨端骨骺发育变化规律,探讨CT容积再现(volume rendering,VR)数据与生物学年龄的相关性,并建立推断骨龄的数学模型。方法通过对我国华东、华南地区684名15~25周岁青少年双侧锁骨胸骨端进行CT薄层扫描并VR三维图像重组,测量并计算双侧锁骨胸骨端骨骺最长径、干骺端最长径及其长度比、骨骺面积、干骺端面积及其面积比等数据,并建立骨龄推断的数学模型。再将50例训练样本代入数学模型,检验模型的准确性。结果左、右两侧骨骺与干骺端长度比、面积比在同一年龄组男女性间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。建立的数学模型表明锁骨胸骨端骨骼的发育规律与生物学年龄具有高度的相关性,所有模型的准确率都高于70.5%(±1.0岁)和82.5%(±1.5岁)。结论建立的骨龄数学模型的可操作性强、准确性较高。这不仅可与图谱法相互印证和支持,提高骨龄推断的准确性;同时,该方法对未来研究其他单一部位骨龄推断具有重要的意义。     

运用薄层CT扫描评估四川汉族青年锁骨胸骨端骨骼年龄

目的 运用薄层CT扫描探索四川汉族青年锁骨胸骨端骨骺发育状况及其与生活年龄的关系.方法 结合Schmeling等提出的骨发育分级法,并考虑本研究样本的年龄区间,将锁骨胸骨端骨骺发育分为4个等级.依据上述骨骺发育等级阅读565例15～25周岁青年胸部薄层CT片,并对锁骨胸骨端骨骺发育状况进行统计学描述性研究.结果 两性之...     

Postnatal ontogenesis of the tibia. Implications for age and sex estimation

The growth of five variables of the tibia (diaphyseal length, diaphyseal length plus distal epiphysis, condylo-malleolar length, sagittal diameter of the proximal epiphysis, maximum breadth of the distal epiphysis) were analysed using polynomial regression in order to evaluate their significance and capacity for age and sex determination during and after growth. Data were collected from 181 (90♂ and 91♀) individuals ranging from birth to 25 years of age and belonging to three documented collections from Western Europe. Results indicate that all five variables exhibit linear behaviour during growth, which can be expressed by a first-degree polynomial function. Sexual significant differences were observed from age 15 onward in the two epiphysis measurements and condylo-malleolar length, suggesting that these three variables could be useful for sex determination in individuals older than 15 years. Strong correlation coefficients were identified between the five tibial variables and age. These results indicate that any of the studied tibial measurements is likely to serve as a useful source for estimating sub-adult age in both archaeological and forensic samples.     

Forensic age estimation on digital X-ray images: Medial epiphyses of the clavicle and first rib ossification in relation to chronological age

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in forensic sciences about forensic age estimation in living subjects by means of radiological methods. This research was conducted on digital thorax X-rays to test the usefulness of some radiological changes in the clavicle and first rib. The sample consisted in a total of 123 subjects of Spanish origin (61 men and 62 women; age range: 5-75 years). From all subjects, a thorax posterior-anterior radiograph was obtained in digital format. Scoring for fusion of medial epiphyses of the clavicle was carried out by Schmeling's system and ossification of the costal cartilage of the first rib by Michelson's system. Degree of ossification and epiphyseal fusion were analyzed in relation with known age and sex of these subjects. The results give a minimum age of >20 years for full fusion of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle (Stages 4 and 5). Concerning the first rib, all subjects with the final Stage 3 of ossification were above 25 years of age. These results suggest that the first rib ossification might become an additional method to the ones so far recommended for forensic age estimation in subjects around 21. New research would be desirable to confirm this suggestion.     

CHN骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值

目的探讨CHN(中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法)骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值,分析影响其准确性的因素及相关问题。方法对522例年龄鉴定者,均选用不同曝光值拍摄两张左手腕部正位X线片,并加照两次斜位片。使用CHN法测评骨龄。结果522例中男性489例,女性33例。男性达CHN骨龄最高值18.4岁者129例,余平均骨龄16.5岁。女性达CHN骨龄最高值17.3岁者14例,余平均骨龄15.7岁。CHN骨龄在16.0岁以上者共388例,占约74.3%。本组资料显示多种因素影响骨龄鉴定的准确性,其中以骨龄片位置及角度的变化等影响最大。结论如能获得高质量的X线片、并能熟练使用CHN法、注意利用位置和角度的变化正确判定骨骺分级,CHN骨龄基本可满足活体年龄鉴定的需要。     

中国汉族女性青少年法医学活体骨龄推断数学模型的建立

目的建立推断中国汉族女性青少年活体骨龄的数学模型。方法摄取华中、华南及华东等地区的838名年龄介于11～20周岁正常女性青少年双侧锁骨胸骨端以及左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节的X线片。依据青少年骨发育分级标准对24项骨骼发育指标进行阅片、分级,结合考虑身高、体质量及地区等影响因素．应用SAS8．1及SPSS11．0软件进行统计学处理,探索各指标与年龄的相关性。结果建立了我国汉族女性青少年利用锁骨胸骨端及6大关节骨骺闭合程度联合推断活体年龄的多元回归数学模型．推导出判定我国汉族女性青少年是否已满14、16和18周岁的Fisher’S两类判别分析方程。结论本研究所建立的判定活体年龄的数学模型丰富了活体年龄的法医学鉴定方法,有利于提高活体骨龄鉴定方法的科学性和结论的准确性。