线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增系统鉴别种属的研究

目的建立线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增体系用于种属鉴定的方法。方法提取人、牛、猪、羊、鸡的DNA,用所选的3对引物复合扩增细胞色素b基因（cyt b）片段、16srRNA基因片段和ND4基因片段,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果人DNA扩增产物在358bp、157bp和110bp处各出现一条带;动物DNA扩增产物均只有358bp一条带。结论线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增鉴别种属的方法可区分人源性生物检材和其它动物样本,可应用于法庭科学实践。     

A note on reverse auctions

Reverse auctions are a new type of auction which has recently spread over the internet to sell a large variety of goods, from electronics to airline tickets. The objective of this note is to illustrate how a reverse auction works, compare it to the other existing auctions and discuss the legal issues that may arise.     

A note on portraying the accuracy of violence predictions

We discuss two major reviews of the accuracy of dichotomous (yes/no) violence predictions (Monahan, 1981; Otto, 1992), which reported rates offalse positive errors that were calculated using conceptually and mathematically dissimilar methods. We outline potential problems that result from analyzing data in the form of 2×2 contingency tables and offer some recommendations for future research on the prediction of violence.     

焦磷酸测序分析短片段牙釉质蛋白基因进行性别鉴定

目的采用焦磷酸测序技术分析短片段牙釉质蛋白基因进行性别鉴定并用于骨骼及腐败生物检材的检测。方法应用blast软件,确定牙釉质蛋白基因(Amel)上1段含有3个SNP位点及1个插入/缺失(indel)位点的序列作为待测靶序列,设计引物,扩增该段序列,应用焦磷酸测序技术分析扩增序列,进行性别鉴定。对方法进行准确性、灵敏度、种属特异性的测试,并用于对骨骼和高度降解DNA的检测。结果 PCR产物分别为44bp(Amel X)和45bp(Amel Y),女性测序结果为:G/G,T/T,…/…,C/C,男性测序结果为:G/T,T/A,…/C,C/A,分型图谱清晰。应用本文方法检测100份已知性别的DNA样本,结果均正确无误,方法最低DNA模板量为0.5ng,具有较好的人类种属特异性。用于高度降解DNA分析,较IdentifilerTM试剂盒具有更高的成功率且骨骼样本也得到清晰的分型结果。结论本文采用焦磷酸测序技术分析Amel的方法在法医学性别鉴定中有较好的应用价值。     

A note on the timing of investments in litigation contests

Allowing the plaintiff and defendant to choose the order in which they invest effort into trial, we show that the timing of litigation efforts is critically dependent on the level of defendant fault. For a high (low) level of defendant fault, the plaintiff invests after (before) the defendant’s investment choice. The equilibrium order of litigation efforts in turn is decisive for (a) the level of total litigation effort, (b) justice achieved by the litigation contest, and (c) plaintiffs’ incentives to bring suit. As a result, the endogenous timing bears vital implications for policy makers.