赫鲁晓夫时期苏联的意识形态工作

“解冻”是赫鲁晓夫时期意识形态工作的主题和典型特征，大体上可分为“两松两紧”四个阶段，与斯大林时期对意识形态实行强有力的“控制”形成鲜明对比。但赫鲁晓夫对意识形态工作的“解冻”同时也顾虑重重，不同时段也不乏强化“控制”。赫鲁晓夫在意识形态领域的“解冻”对苏联政治的发展和国际共运均带来巨大影响。     

苏联领导人马林科夫是非功过初探

苏联党和国家领导人马林科夫的一生，有功亦有过。其历史功绩主要表现在：为卫国战争做出过重要贡献；号召文艺工作者使用批评武器；要求停止对斯大林的个人崇拜；下令拨乱反正，平反冤假错案；精简行政机构，改革管理方法；调整产业结构，发展农业生产；发表核战争毁灭地球文明论；努力营造和平共处的国际环境。其主要过错则表现在：参与领导20世纪30年代的“大清洗”运动、制造“列宁格勒案件”、采取民族歧视的政策、发动推翻赫鲁晓夫的未遂政变。不过，总体来看，作为斯大林接班人的马林科夫还是功大于过的。     

毛泽东的弦外“知音”艾森豪威尔

在毛泽东第二次出访莫斯科时,他曾同赫鲁晓夫发生过一场关于核战争的辩论。针对赫鲁晓夫惊恐核战争的爆发,诺亚方舟将彻底沉没的恐美情绪,毛泽东发表过一个震惊世界的讲话。 “原子弹并没有什么了不起,我看他也是纸老虎……”     

苏联文化“解冻”背景下的《新世界》和《十月》杂志

在赫鲁晓夫时期文化“解冻”的背景下，知识分子群体针对文学艺术的创作原则、创作方法和审美标准等重要问题产生了分歧，并形成了以《新世界》和《十月》杂志为核心的自由派和保守派两大阵营。《新世界》与《十月》代表的两派之争是文化“解冻”时期两种政治思想斗争在文学艺术领域的反映，两大阵营的分歧与对立对苏联文学艺术发展产生了重要影响。     

勃列日涅夫时期苏联对斯大林的再评价问题

经历了赫鲁晓夫的“解冻”,勃列日涅夫时期对斯大林的重新评价问题显得非常突出。从1964年到1982年,分三个阶段,勃列日涅夫时期对斯大林的态度发生了明显的转变。从最开始的维护苏共20大、22大决议到最后实质上为他恢复个人名誉,但在形式上却没有太大的变化。     

苏联的宪政建设及其启示

苏联宪政发展的历史进程，可以按不同时期划分为四个阶段，即列宁时期、斯大林时期、赫鲁晓夫及勃列El涅夫时期和戈尔巴乔夫时期。四个时期苏联宪政发展与建设实践启示我们：社会主义建设与发展需要宪政，社会主义宪政建设必须立足本国国情，并要突出“人”的问题。     

苏联与俄罗斯的俄侨史研究

俄侨史研究在苏联受到诸多限制。在斯大林时期，凡与俄侨有关的题目都成了学术研究的禁区。直到赫鲁晓夫改革后，这种状况才有所改变。20世纪80年代中期以后，随着戈尔巴乔夫的“公开性”、“消灭历史空白点”等政策的实施，俄侨史研究中的禁区逐渐被打破。苏联解体后，俄罗斯的俄侨史研究出现繁荣局面。     

从解放思想看邓小平理论20年的发展轨迹

邓小平理论的发展经历了三个历史阶段，三次思想大解放则是贯穿这三个阶段的一条主线。第一次思想解放从１９７６年粉碎“四人帮”开始，突破了“两个凡是”的束缚；第二次思想解放从１９９２年初邓小平南巡谈话开始，突破了姓“资”姓“社”的束缚；第三次思想解放从１９９７年召开中共十五大开始，突破了“公”和“私”的束缚     

中国在伊朗的利益评估

伊朗是中东最重要的地区大国之一，国土面积居中东第四位，人口居中东第二位，油气产量居世界第四位，GDP总值排中东第三、世界第二十五位；扼守霍尔木兹海峡，横跨海湾与里海两大产油区，素有“欧亚陆桥”和“东西方空中走廊”之称，布热津斯基称其为“地缘支轴国家”。正确评估中国在伊朗的利益，显得极有必要。     

对苏联共产党执政历史的新解读——评《赫鲁晓夫执政史》

我国学术界自 2 0世纪 80年代初开始的 ,对赫鲁晓夫时期苏联史的研究 ,到 80年代中后期达到了高潮。此间 ,学术界发表了大量赫鲁晓夫执政时期的涉及苏联政治、经济、文化、军事、外交的论著。但自 90年代初起 ,随着原苏联解体 ,我国不少研究苏联问题的学者将研究重点下移至苏联解体及其原因方面。于是 ,对赫鲁晓夫时期的苏联史研究一度趋于冷清。不过 ,仍有一批学者没有“跟风”,而是一直在此领域内辛勤笔耕。在这些学者中 ,徐隆彬堪称是一位佼佼者。徐隆彬长期从事苏联史尤其是赫鲁晓夫时期苏联史研究。近年来 ,他几乎每年都有这方面的论文…     

20世纪50～60年代越南诗人素友作品在中国的传播和影响

素友是越南20世纪著名诗人,越共中央的主要领导之一。他的诗歌被越南官方视为"社会主义现实主义"文学的典范,是20世纪越南的"史诗"。20世纪50~60年代,在中越友好关系的影响下,一大批以素友诗歌为典型的越南文学作品在中国得到传播。这些越南文学作品传播到中国之后,在政治上加强了当时的政治意识形态;在文化上增进了中国读者对外国文化的了解;在学术上则带动了中国的越南文学研究。     

冷战早期苏联远程导弹研制进程（1945-1957）

1945年8月6日美国投向日本的原子弹让苏联感到了巨大威胁,苏联开始以全国之力研制远程导弹.斯大林为苏联导弹发展奠定了良好基础.在赫鲁晓夫执政时期,苏联远程导弹技术得到突破性发展,并成功研制出世界上第一枚洲际导弹.     

森鸥外早期的美学活动

森鸥外是明治时期的文学大家。从德国回到日本后,森鸥外开始了丰富多彩的文艺活动,引进和宣传西方美学是重要内容之一。将德国哈特曼的理论作为＂武器＂,与外山正一辩论、翻译改编哈特曼等西方美学家著作,构成森鸥外早期美学活动的主要内容。     

中国对菲律宾文学研究述评

自近代以来,中国的菲律宾文学研究可分为三个时期:早期是中国有选择性地翻译、简介菲律宾文学名家名作;中期是菲律宾华文报刊与中国的报刊共同关注"菲华文学";后期是对菲律宾文学特别是菲华文学进行系统研究。研究内容包括对菲律宾文学的总体性介绍;对菲华文学的宏观论述;对菲华文学与中国文文学学关系之探究等。随着时间的迁移,研究逐步细化,取得成绩的同时也出现了问题。比如研究整体上重"华文"文学而轻"非华文"文学等。     

Carving a Diplomatic Niche?: The April 1956 Soviet Visit to Britain

Abstract

Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin's visit to Britain in April 1956 was the first by the new Soviet leadership to a Western bloc country after Josef Stalin's death. It presented British policy-makers with a unique opportunity for insight and discussion. However, British self-deception regarding their scope for independent action as well as excessive focus on events in the Middle East hampered efforts to build a rapport with Khrushchev and Bulganin. This analysis explores the planning and conduct of what turned out to be a fruitless diplomatic initiative. The visit illustrates British and Soviet policy at the time, as well as Britain's already clear position as the junior partner in the Anglo-American “special relationship” on the eve of Suez.     

‘The one great Hyperpower in the Sky’: anti-Americanism in contemporary European literature

In this article, three recent works by French, English and German authors are analysed as examples of anti-Americanism in contemporary European literature. Luc Lang's travel book, 11 septembre mon amour (2003), John Le Carré's spy novel, Absolute friends (2003) and Frank Schätzing's apocalyptic ‘eco-thriller’ Der Schwarm (2004) were all written in response to the ongoing ‘war on terror’, and each presents a remarkably antagonistic interpretation of the United States and its role in the world today. Although the literary strategies employed in these negative representations of the US are very different in each case, the three books share a deep disgust not only with American foreign policy, invariably interpreted as a reckless, deranged bid for global hegemony, but also with American culture and society in general. This article interprets this disgust as an expression of a deep-seated, irrational Americanophobia—that is, of ‘anti-Americanism’.     

“Dynamite bombs of New York manufacture”: the terrorist perspective in the Stevensons,Greer and James

This article examines the first three literary reactions to Fenian terrorism: Robert Louis Stevenson and Fanny van de Grift Stevenson’s co-written novel, The Dynamiter (1885); Tom Greer’s A Modern Daedalus (1885) and Henry James’ The Princess Casamassima (1886). Although these works approach terrorism from different angles, they set the pattern for subsequent treatments that will “give primary voice to the perspective of the terrorist”. “Zero”, the hapless bomb-makers in The Dynamiter, is a surprisingly urbane, sympathetic figure; Greer illustrates both the necessity and the moral quandaries of terrorism and James shows considerable sympathy for anarchism’s causes, even though terrorism threatens high art and culture. I also hope to show that fiction can provide excellent source material for studying the cultural imaginary of terrorism and, by extension, make a bid for the inclusion of literature scholars under the umbrella of Critical Terrorism Studies.     

Questioning western universality: Sōseki's Theory of Literature and his novel Kusamakura

Focusing on the relation between the literary theory and the novels of modern Japanese writer Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916), this article argues that we need to include more ‘non-Western’ theories in the discussions of world literature. Furthermore, it concludes that a world literature contextualization of Sōseki's theory helps explain how his novels critically negotiate the influences from Western literature in Japan. By comparing Sōseki's theoretical and literary writing, this article shows continuity between his Theory of Literature and his novel Kusamakura, arguing that both question Western universality in defining literature. In other words, the comparison stresses Sōseki's continued preoccupation with understanding the transformation of literatures due to global interaction. During the modern period, such transformation was probably nowhere more conspicuous than in Meiji Japan, where not only society but also its literature was rapidly changing.     

The Limited Test–Ban Agreement: Emergence of New Knowledge Structures in International Negotiation

An analysis of cognitive maps constructed from exchanges between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev on the test–ban issue suggests cultural differences in the basic knowledge structures used to represent political reality. Soviet negotiators, including Premier Khrushchev, use"processual"representations, while U.S. negotiators, including President Kennedy, use"procedural"representations. A comparison of the negotiations over time reveals the emergence of new knowledge structures that were hypothesized to facilitate an agreement on nuclear testing. A related discovery, that Kennedy and Khrushchev"translate"each other from procedural to processual and vice versa, provides additional evidence for the shared reality–building process that may be a precondition for successful negotiation.     

论森鸥外的早期文学创作——对生命价值的探求与“告白”

森鸥外留学德国,潜心于卫生学、军医学、文学、哲学、美学、艺术的研究。回国后,积极开展社会启蒙与文明批判,在西方哲学中寻求审美与人生的价值,发表了浪漫的青春三部曲———《舞姬》、《水沫记》和《信使》,其作品表现出来的近代性和浪漫性开日本浪漫主义文学之先河,为日本近代文学的确立打下了坚固的基础,是研究日本近代文学不可忽视的重要内容。