中国传统文化对老挝的影响与老挝的传统伦理

老挝北邻中国,东邻越南,南接柬埔寨,西北和西南与缅甸、泰国毗连。公元1353年建立的澜沧王国是老挝历史的鼎盛时期,1893年沦为法国保护国,1940年9月被日本占领,1945年10月正式独立。老挝与中国有着500公里长的国境线,壤地相接、山水相连。     

浅谈老挝的旅游业

老挝位于中南半岛的东北部 ,国土面积２３６８００平方公里 ,人口约５００万 ,是东南亚惟一的内陆国。老挝境内山峦起伏 ,森林密布 ,是个自然资源非常丰富的国家。除了丰富的自然资源外 ,老挝的古迹佛塔和寺庙 ,老挝式的高脚屋建筑 ,法国殖民时期留下的法式建筑物 ,以及老挝独特的民俗民风 ,都是老挝发展旅游业的有利条件。近几年 ,老挝利用自身丰富的旅游资源优势 ,大力发展旅游业。旅游业的发展带动国家经济的发展 ,旅游收入已经成为老挝国家财政重要的收入之一。一、老挝旅游业的发展历程与世界旅游业发达的国家相比 ,老挝的旅游业起步相…     

全球化时代下的老挝华人经济

老挝是位于中南半岛北部的内陆国家 ,北邻中国 ,南接柬埔寨 ,东靠越南 ,西北和西南分别与缅甸和泰国毗邻 ,湄公河流经其西部。面积23.68万平方公里 ,1999年人口统计为530万①。由于中国与老挝有500公里的边界线 ,自明朝开始 ,中国的广东、云南等地就有人移居老挝。目前老挝有华人1万多人 ,15%已加入老挝国籍 ,主要分布在万象、琅勃拉邦、会晒、北宾等湄公河沿岸城镇 ,川圹、丰沙里也散居有部分华侨华人②。另外还有少数从中国云南迁入老挝北部山区的苗族人。20世纪70年代初期老挝华人总数曾接近10万人 ,他们大多居住在老挝首都万象 ,一度占…     

老挝的民俗旅游

老挝是东南亚的内陆国 ,是个自然资源很丰富的国家。老挝历史悠久 ,全国各地拥有许多历史文物和文化遗址 ;老挝信仰佛教 ,佛教文化深深影响着这个国家 ,琅勃拉邦的香通寺 ,万象的塔銮、玉佛寺、西蒙寺和占巴塞的瓦普寺等都是东南亚地区著名的寺庙。除了自然资源和古迹佛塔 ,老挝还有自己独特的民俗民风。可以说 ,老挝的民俗文化是东南亚地区保持得比较完好的、受外界影响比较小的、原汁原味的民俗文化 ,是个还未开发的处女地。其丰富的旅游资源吸引着来自世界各地的旅游者。一、老挝的传统民俗文化说到老挝 ,人们往往想到原始森林、湄公河风…     

老挝人的“那珈”信仰研究（二）

(接上期) 六、老挝人"那珈"信仰的演化 可以说老挝人是因为佛教而认识、笃信"那珈".不仅如此,老挝人的"那珈"信仰的演化也是随着佛教影响的不断深入扩大而逐步进行的.据有关资料记载,老挝在法昂王去世后,其子桑森泰王在位时期(1373～1416)曾铸造一尊巨大的青铜佛像.     

美国因素和1962年《日内瓦协议》以后老挝内战的重启

日内瓦协议签署以后，美国并没有停止对老挝事务的干涉。美国政府在继续援助老挝反共力量的同时，进一步采取了促进老挝中立派与右派势力合作的战略。美国对日内瓦协议的公然违背造成了老挝政治力量的再次分化与重组。老挝再次陷人内战的同时，美国也对老挝事务进行了直接的军事干涉，使老挝最终成为越南战争的真正战场。     

老挝的民族宗教问题及其政策

老挝人民民主共和国是一个多民族和佛教信徒众多的国家,老挝人民革命党在处理民族宗教问题的过程中,在马列主义民族宗教理论的指导下,结合本国实际,进行了一系列探索,取得了丰富的经验教训,对我们具有一定的借鉴意义。一、老挝人民民主共和国的民族问题与民族政策(一)老挝民族问题的特点老挝是一个多民族国家,在殖民地时期,殖民者对老挝各民族实行分而治之的政策,在各民族之间制造仇恨。在20世纪的30年战争期间,老挝国内各民族之间的民族矛盾进一步“两极化”,有的民族支持老挝爱国阵线,有的民族支持美国及王国政府。老挝的民族状况有两个特…     

论堂明国的族属

堂明国是老挝历史上最早出现的国家。“堂明国应建于公元一至二世纪,即与扶南、林邑的建国时间大致相同”。“真腊……北与道明(即堂明)接”。所以,堂明国的位置“大概是在现在老挝川圹。川圹,老挝名为Tran Nink(镇宁),声音颇近于道明”。关于堂明国的族属,申旭同志认为:“堂明国是吉蔑人建立的国家。……堂明国的主体民族是吉蔑族。”笔者认为堂明国是僚人建立的国家,其主体民族亦为僚族,而不是吉蔑族。     

老挝农业发展现状及前景

老挝是一个传统的农业国,农业生产一直在其国民经济中占据主要位置。老挝人民民主共和国成立以来,经过近30年的探索和实践,老挝农业生产获得了一定的发展。本文试图通过对老挝农业发展状况和发展战略的考察,展望老挝农业发展前景。一、老挝农业资源及其优势老挝的农林资源十分丰富,土地、森林、江河湖泊、气候、土壤和物种等共同构成了老挝农林业发展的自然地理优势和生态优势。老挝具有山地、高原、丘陵、平原、低谷等多种地形,有湄公河及其支流以及南马河、南桑河、南明河上游段等多条河流,有多种类型的土壤,其中包括大面积的土质优良的腐…     

老挝在中国西南与东南亚经贸发展中的地位和作用

老挝地处中国西南和东盟的结合部.老挝在与周边国家的关系中,既是中国的友好邻邦,又是东盟的合作伙伴.在即将形成和发展的东南亚共同体中,老挝将成为其北部的前沿和窗口.老挝又是东南亚地区水电和其他自然资源十分丰富的穷国.在未来中国西南与东南亚共同体的经贸关系发展中,老挝将具有重要的地位和发挥重要的作用.     

Inter-Korean relations and the roles of the US and of the EU

The North Korean nuclear standoff has escalated since North Korea let slip that it was developing nuclear weapons while James Kelly, U.S. Assistant Secretary of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, was visiting Pyongyang in October 2002. The Bush administration has acknowledged that the United States will not discount a preemptive military strike on the suspected nuclear development facilities, and North Korea has stood firm against any pressure to halt its nuclear development from the international community. Dialogue and meetings for international cooperation among the major countries concerned, including Korea, the U.S., Japan and China, have been activated to resolve the nuclear crisis in the Korean Peninsula, especially after the U.S. pronounced an end to its war against Iraq in early May of this year. In the middle of the rapidly changing situation on the Korean peninsula, the inter-Korean reconciliation and cooperation initiated by the Sunshine Policy of the Kim Dae Jung administration and followed by the Roh Moo-hyun administrations Policy of Peace and Prosperity are not separable from the nuclear situation. This paper follows recent developments of inter-Korean relations, illustrates South Koreas stance on the issue and suggests the EUs role on the nuclear issue. This is a revised version of the paper presented at the Asia-EU Journalists Seminar organized by the Asia Europe Foundation and the Korea Press Foundation (KPF), held in Brussels, Belgium, May 22 2003. Financial support from the KPF is gratefully acknowledged.     

美苏政治文化差异与冷战起源

一国政治文化对国家对外决策有不可忽视的影响。美苏政治文化中相互冲突的部分对两国战后初期外交决策以及冷战爆发产生重要影响，国家间的政治文化沟通对处理国家间相互关系具有重要意义。     

Strengthen the Communication Among the Youth and Enhance the Mutual Understanding and Trust

AttheinvitationoftheInternationalInitiativesofChangeAssociationofJapanIICAJIaccompa-niedMr.LiYangCouncilMemberofChineseAs-sociationforInternationalUnderstandingCAFIUonthevisittoJapanfromJune10to18andat-tendedthe27thInternationalConferenceoftheInitiativeofChangeinOdawara.DuringourstaythereweseparatelymetwithTutomuHataAdvi-sortotheIICAJandformerPrimeMinisterofJapanSomaYukikaHonoraryPresidentofIICAJToruHashimotoPresidentofIICAJandAdvisortotheJapanMizuhoFinancialGroupandD…     

The EU and Libya and the Art of the Possible

In spite of geographic proximity and a number of shared interests, the European Union and Libya have a history of strained relations. The war of 2011 provided an opportunity for a fresh start, but so far neither side has been able to reap benefits from an entirely new political situation. Instead, Libya’s difficult internal situation has not only slowed down the process of rapprochement, but also increased EU concern. At a time when cooperation becomes a necessity rather than a choice, Libya is now down-spiralling into implosion at the levels of security, bureaucracy and economy, to the point where it cannot absorb the offers being made.     

海陆复合型地缘政治大国的战略选择与崛起成败

国际体系是一个复杂的利益交互系统,在系统中存在着众多战略层面的施动—反馈模式。地缘政治大国的安全战略选择决定了它与体系其他主要成员间的互动方式,互动方式决定了其可能面临的结构性压力,并最终影响到大国崛起的兴衰成败。通过本项研究可以发现:海陆复合型崛起大国的战略模式可以分为"区域陆权"战略、"全球海权"战略和"区域/全球海陆并举"战略。如果崛起大国尚未形成稳固的陆基周边环境,那么追求"区域陆权"战略是最优选择;如果拥有稳固陆基周边环境,那么追求"全球海权"战略是最优选择。而"海陆并举"战略因"同色竞争"原理,既可能同周边国家陷入"区域陆权"优势的安全困境,也可能同"全球海权"国家陷入争霸战争。因此,"海陆并举"战略往往容易造就一个反对自身崛起的海陆权力联姻。此外,追求单一的"差色互补"原理容易实现海陆功能分异背景下的战略结盟,进而影响大国崛起战略的操作实施。     

抗击经济衰退：象和龙

由美国引发的经济危机已经席卷全球,无论是西方发达国家和地区如日本、欧盟,还是发展中国家如印度、中国,都已笼罩在全球经济衰退的阴影中。本文探讨作为正在崛起的亚洲大国——印度和中国,应采取怎样的措施遏制全球经济危机对本国经济造成更严重的伤害,以及印中两国如何借鉴对方在应对经济危机过程中采取的有效政策以尽快重新走上经济发展的正轨。     

China and the WTO: the theory and practice of compliance

Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December2001, attention has turned to the issue of whether or not Chinais a responsible member of the organization and how compliantChina is with WTO rules. This article discusses the difficultiesfaced by China, as a responsible rising power, in trying toadjust itself to global trading norms. It examines the theoryof compliance in international relations from the perspectivesof neo-realism, liberal institutionalism and social constructivism,and then tests these perspectives by examining the mechanismsused to gauge China's compliance, both bilaterally by the UnitedStates and multilaterally through the Dispute Settlement Mechanismand the Transition Review Mechanism of the WTO. The result ismixed: different opinions exist as to how compliant China hasbeen but, on the whole, most monitors agree that China has triedhard to comply with WTO requirements in various areas, thoughmuch remains to be done. The most severe tests will come inthe next few years when China's financial and service sectorswill have to face fundamental changes to the way they operate.     

Caught between Europe and the orient: Israel and the EMP

As the case of Transnistria illustrates, the politico-economic arrangements of de facto states are marked by a tendency to sacrifice the economy to political objectives. Despite non-recognition and limited local resources, these entities manage to make use of their ambiguous status and external support to sustain their claims to statehood. Yet, the priority of these claims over economic development, as well as strategies of survival in general can have unintended effects on unrecognised state-building projects, such as the emergence of a spin-off opposition or public disillusionment.     

Campaign Advertising and the Stimulation and Activation of the Authoritarian Personality

This research examines whether authoritarianism can be stimulated and activated by politicians. The traditional belief is that psychological traits are basically quasipermanent structures that consistently determine behavior, but newer research suggests that these traits can be stimulated. This research tests whether campaigns can stimulate traits with targeted messages. I do so by exposing subjects in an experiment to political television advertising that was designed to stimulate known correlates of authoritarianism, such as fear. The results show that authoritarianism is stimulated in treatment groups that watched advertising designed to invoke threat and the strong-father metaphor and the treatment effect is greater on conservatives. I also show that watching these commercials leads to an activation of authoritarianism that influences its predictive power over support for torture. This suggests that politicians can use emotional appeals to stimulate advantageous personality traits, and that these ads also influence the public's attitudes through activation.     

当代俄罗斯贫富分化的危机与超越

俄罗斯由转型而引发的贫富差距问题,对社会造成了许多负面影响,比如,道德规范下降,公民淡漠政治,公信力大大降低等。现如今,俄罗斯的贫富差距并没有消除,但整个社会形势却不断好转,人民的乐观情绪不断增长,国家也在稳定中不断走向复兴。从这些现实状况来看,俄罗斯社会似乎摆脱了贫富分化的纠结,已然超越到了另一个发展阶段。俄罗斯转型期的公共政策、阶层分化模式、阶层状况等一些措施与现实,不失为解释这两种情势变换更迭的有效途径。