日本20世纪50—80年代的《楚辞》研究

20世纪50—80年代日本学者的《楚辞》研究比之上半世纪,表现出明显的进步,他们已不满足于沿着中国乾嘉传统前进,希望能够走出一条有着日本学者自我特色的研究之路。在方法上,更重视地下文物的发现,用之以与典籍文献对照,还十分注意从民俗学的角度出发来进行研究,可谓三重论证。在观点上,日本学者从哲学、社会学、宗教学、人类学等角度出发,力求阐发个人的见解。还有些日本学者作出了具有整体性的论述,体现出一种宏观性的眼光与建立体系的雄心。     

Why the 1980s Measures of Racially Polarized Voting Are Inadequate for the 1990s

In this paper, we attempt to clarify some of the confusion that surrounds the measurement of racially polarized voting. This clarification is necessary because the determination of whether or not racially polarized voting exists is often a critical component of the evidence presented in Voting Rights Act (Section 2) litigation. We first show that the correlation coefficient should never be used to measure voting polarization by relating the statistic to the individual behavior that it is supposed to be describing. We then compare the estimates of polarized voting that are provided by other commonly used measures with individual behavior in order to show that the Voting Rights disputes of the 1990s will require different and more carefully specified measures than are currently in use.     

城市书写如何本土化?——以1980年代以来文学为中心

文学的本土化研究是一个重要且意义深远的课题。但在以往的研究中,文学本土化问题经常被文学的现代化问题遮蔽。1980年代以来城市书写的本土化研究,是进行文学本土化研究的有益尝试。借助地域属性、传统诗性文化等方面对文学中的城市展开的本土化想象,可以突破长期以来现代性指导下的城市文学研究的困境,发掘中国城市在文学中呈像的丰富性与复杂性,拓展当代城市文学研究。     

British Labour Relations in the 1980s: Learning to Live with the Law

Labour Law and Industrial Relations: Building on Kahn-Freund. Edited by Wedderburn, Lewis and Clark Kahn-Freund's Labour and the Law. 3rd edition by Davies and Freedland. Labour Law: Text and Materials. 2nd edition. By Davies and Freedland.     

Productivity,employment and labor demand in Polish industry in the 1980s: Some preliminary results from enterprise-level data

The paper uses annual data from a panel of 334 Polish industrial enterprises over the period 1983–1988 to test empirically a simple neoclassical approach to the socialist labor market. First, an enterprise production function is estimated. The paper finds that for most enterprises, the resulting estimated marginal product of labor exceeds the wage paid by the enterprise by a considerable margin, suggesting general excess demand for labor. The paper then looks at how the difference between the MPL and the wage is related to the rate of change of employment, and finds that firms where the MPL is higher than the wage — firms which in a neoclassical model would have a large excess demand for labor — do not shed labor any more slowly than other firms.     

The Savings and Loan Debacle of the 1980s: White-Collar Crime or Risky Business?*

This paper examines the role of white-collar crime in the savings and loan crisis. Noting economists' assertions that crime was only a minor ingredient in the crisis, we compare the explanatory power of this “minimal fraud” model to that of its “material fraud” alternative. Bringing together evidence from every major study of thrifts in the 1980s, we argue that only the material fraud hypothesis can make sense of these data. This study demonstrates the utility of deductive reasoning in distinguishing between white-collar crime and ordinary business transactions, thereby potentially contributing to prosecutorial efforts, and helping resolve long-standing methodological dilemmas confronting white-collar criminologists.     

America's response to terrorism: An empirical analysis of federal intervention strategies during the 1980s

Despite considerable interest among criminologists, the literature on terrorism has been largely atheoretical and nonempirical. This paper provides the results of a national study of federal criminal cases that arose from the FBI's Counterterrorism Program during the 1980s. The strategies of federal prosecutors are discussed in relation to Turk's notions of “explicit politicality” and “exceptional vagueness.” Evidence shows that in keeping with historical studies of American political crime, prosecutorial efforts to depict terrorists as common criminals have been the most frequently used and most successful strategy. Prosecutors' efforts to explicitly politicize the terrorists' crimes have been largely unsuccessful and are rarely employed.     

“80后”民警群体现状分析与对策探微

在当前城市化、信息化、工业化社会大发展、思想文化交流交融交锋,劳教工作面临转型发展的大背景下,青年民警队伍的思想观念与价值取向日趋多元化,了解他们的工作、生活现状,关注他们的成长,正视和解决他们的困难和问题,显得十分迫切和必要。本文以我所“80后”民警群体为切人点,通过了解和分析该群体的现状,对症下药地提出对策和建议,以期起到固本强基之效。     

Genetics and Criminal Behavior Evidence Through the End of the 1970s

Research reported up through and including the 1970s directly bearing upon the relationship between genetics and criminality is reviewed. Studies using four classes of research designs are considered: general pedigree (or family) studies, twin studies, karyotype studies, and adoption studies. Only the latter three offer solid evidence at least consistent with a partial genetic etiological hypothesis, and of these, only one type of karyotype study and the adoption studies appear to be on the verge of definitely settling the matter. Among the fairly definitive types of studies, most of the evidence is extremely supportive of the proposition that human variation in tendencies to commit criminal behavior is significantly affected by some genetic factors.     

Law or Finance: Evidence from Finland

Although it is widely acknowledged that the benefits of corporate governance reform could be substantial, systematic evidence on such reforms is scant. We both document and evaluate a contemporary corporate governance reform by constructing 18 measures of shareholder and creditor protection for Finland for the period 1980–2000. The measures reveal that shareholder protection has been strengthened whereas creditor protection has been weakened. We also demonstrate how the reform is consistent with a reorganisation of the Finnish financial market in which a bank-centred financial system shifted from relationship-based debt finance towards increasing dominance by the stock market. We find evidence that the development of shareholder protection has been a driver of the reorganisation, whereas the changes in creditor protection have mirrored market developments.