诱惑侦查的程序控制

为应对日益严峻的隐形化犯罪的挑战,在过去二三十年间的侦查实践中,诱惑侦查得到了更多的应用.尽管2012年修改刑事诉讼法过程中,通过新增第151条的规定试图提升此类侦查手段的法治化程度,但由于法律规定的宽泛与模糊、司法处断原则的失当与片面,诱惑侦查适用过程中凸显出执法无序与司法失范的弊端.解决问题的出路是,在法律解释论层面,应当对合法性判断标准、适用对象、程序控制机制与违法制裁后果予以明确;在司法裁断方面,应当跳出"犯意引诱"与"机会提供"二分法的窠臼,基于我国特有的侦查权规制现状,采用控权最为严格的分离式混合模式,即无论是违反诱发他人产生犯意的主观标准,还是僭越客观标准,即侦查人员使用了过度且令普通人难以抵御的诱惑手法,均属违法.     

秘密侦查兴起背景探究

秘密侦查在全球范围内的兴起主要有三个方面的背景与原因:其一,犯罪类型与形式中有组织犯罪与隐形犯罪愈发突出;其二,常规侦查手段的控制日益严格,许多国家将秘密侦查作为疏通管道;其三,社会结构向陌生人社会、工业化社会、多元社会的转变为秘密侦查的适用提供了更为适当的社会环境。     

诱惑侦查的是非之争与规则细化

尽管对诱惑侦查的争论从未间歇,但深植其中的实践理性与人权保障的终极目的使之生命力愈发顽强。我国2012年《刑事诉讼法》第151条增设有关人员隐匿其身份实施侦查与控制下交付等关涉诱惑侦查的具体内容将进一步提升侦查的法治化水准。然而,如此重要且倍受争议的内容却用了及其简略的法律条文,不仅难以消解人们对该制度存在的一贯争议,而且极易导致其实践失灵抑或变异。鉴于此,有必要从程序操作规范的角度对诱惑侦查的司法适用规则予以补充与细化,力促实现侦查主体法定化、案件范围类型化以及判断标准可控化等,并适时创设后司法审查制度,以促生该制度理性的最大化实现。     

论美国社区警务的理论与实践

美国的社区警务理论研究成熟、实践经验丰富,是包括中国在内许多国家学习的对象。对美国社区警务产生的背景、主要理论依据、实践内容及评估评价做了细致而深入的分析。以期对我国社区警务建设提供一些新的认识与视角。     

警事治理:国家警事社会化的新定义

治理理论对国家与市民社会关系的认识思路是国家和市民社会相互"型塑"达致社会公共事务管理的"善治"。在国内外警务战略模式变革中成为潮流的"国家警事社会化"战略,是指在警察机关专业警务活动的同时,动员社会组织和社区公众共同参与防控违法犯罪、维护社会治安秩序活动的过程。显然,"国家警事社会化"寻求警察与社会组织及社区公众的互动合作基础上公共安全管理的改善。因为警察与国家的对应、社会组织及公众正是市民社会的具象,所以可以用治理理论作为分析"国家警事社会化"的框架,并将其定义为"警事治理"。     

试论隐性超期羁押的危害及其控制

超期羁押是当前刑事司法实践一大顽疾,不仅严重侵犯被羁押者的合法权益,给其亲属造成不必要的负担和痛苦,且妨碍了刑事诉讼活动的正常进行.超期羁押既有表面上即明显超出法定期限的显性超期,也有以形式上合法掩饰实质上不合法的隐性超期.针对司法实践中尚不为人们所重视的"隐性超期羁押"问题,从分析其表现、危害及成因入手,试着探求解决的对策,以期对从根本上预防和纠正此类现象有所裨益.     

控制下交付国际准则研究

《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》与《联合国反腐败公约》对控制下交付国际准则作了明确的规定,具体包括适当使用原则、逐案判断原则、安全原则、同意原则、国家主权原则等五项基本准则,并在区域性国际公约、国际协议和国内法中得到广泛体认和贯彻。基于"条约必须信守"的原则,我国也必须体现和遵循控制下交付国际准则,然而由于国际公约对控制下交付国际准则并没有作出详细规定,所以我国在通过制定国内法严格遵守、履行控制下交付国际准则的同时,还必须对如何贯彻控制下交付国际准则做进一步的精细化制度设计。     

公共警务集约化发展思考

目前，我国的警务工作范围模糊、摊子太大，不仅使科学的警务模式不能正常地落实和运行，反而容易在推进警务改革的过程中造成新的浪费。公共警务工作目标的定向与定质，以及警务监控管理体系的集约化是公共警务发展的必然趋势。为此，提出了关于公共警务风格统一化，公共警务项目模块化．基层派出机构微型化和公共警务工作正规化等思考。     

资政院弹劾军机案的宪法学解读

资政院弹劾军机案是清末筹备立宪过程中的重大事件,本文试图以宪法学的视角对其进行新的解读。弹劾军机案是与立宪派请愿速开国会运动紧密相连的,由于国会不能速开,资政院自我定位为准国会,与军机大臣展开立法权之争与代议机关地位之争。在清廷模仿德日建立二元君主立宪制的前提下,弹劾军机案本身（包括弹劾主体与对象）在法律上是站不住脚的。但立宪派议员以宪法革命的姿态、用启蒙思想家的民权与代议思想作武器、以虚君共和的英国为典范,与军机处及其背后的皇权展开了多轮角力。弹劾军机案的遗产也并非全然是正面的,议员们对于现行制度缺乏基本的尊重,超越自身的法律地位与权限,把资政院想象成“无所不能”的英国国会,是为民初国会“毁法造法”之先河。     

Broken Windows or Window Breakers: The Influence of Physical and Social Disorder on Quality of Life

The relationship between neighborhood disorder and fear of crime is well established. According to Wilson and Kelling's broken windows theory, physical and social disorder lead to fear and cause citizens to retreat into their homes. This breaks down informal social control mechanisms and may lead to more serious crime. Insofar as fear is related to quality of life, an implication of broken windows theory is that disorder may impact quality of life, but that relationship has not yet been examined in the research literature. The present study seeks to fill a void in the literature by investigating the relationship between neighborhood disorder and quality of life. Results indicate that disorder is related to quality of life. In particular, physical disorder is negatively associated with quality of life, but social disorder loses significance when controlling for physical disorder. Policy implications of the findings and direction for future research are discussed.     

野生动物侵权法律探讨

近年来,伴随着野生动物保护法的实施以及自然保护区的设立,野生动物的生态环境得到了根本的改善,但同时野生动物致人人身、财产损害问题也日益突显。从1997年的“思茅亚洲象”毁坏农田案到2005年上海野生动物园狮子吃人案、从东北黑熊伤人毁财案到华南虎吃牛案,野生动物致害案件屡屡不断。本文试图在这一法律空白领域“垦荒,”对野生动物侵权引发的一系列法律问题,如野生动物内涵的界定、赔偿的理论基础、抗辩事由、举证责任、赔偿的义务机关等法律问题作以探究。     

融贯论、道德实在与法律——一个基于内在实在主义的整合

不同的真理理论导致不同的法律方法论。符合论实在主义的哲学会导致哲学的和自然主义的法律发现,而融贯论则是规范分析和法律解释的基础。不少哲学家认为没有脱离融贯论的符合论(如普特南)。但同时,从真理的客观性维度讲,融贯论只能保障认知的客观性,而不能获得形而上的客观性。融贯论的结果必然是相对主义。因此,法律哲学的认识论选择必然是折中的,这个折中的认识论可以由普特南的内在实在主义来承担,而内在实在主义将最终引向包容的法律实证主义。     

论卧底侦查

卧底侦查是强制侦查中的一种,与诱惑侦查同属于化装侦查。卧底侦查是对付重大的有组织犯罪的有效手段,也是最后的侦查手段。由于卧底侦查副作用明显,我国又没有相关法律规定,而实践中的适用又因有组织犯罪的猖獗而无法回避,对卧底侦查法理根据的探讨,关于卧底侦查具体法律规定的讨论,就为未来的立法和当前的侦查实践所需要。     

The role of criminal record in the federal sentencing guidelines

In this paper my concern is with the collective moral responsibility of criminal investigators for the outcomes of their investigations, bearing in mind that it is important to distinguish collective moral responsibility from, and relate it to, individual moral responsibility. In what sense, if any, are police detectives individually and collectively morally responsible for their success (or, for that matter, their failure) in gathering sufficient evidence to identify, arrest, and charge an offender who has committed a serious crime? Alternatively, in what sense are they morally responsible in cases where they identify, arrest, and charge an innocent person? And in what sense, if any, are police detectives individually and collectively morally responsible for the ultimate outcome of the trial, the finding by the courts of someone they have investigated and charged with a serious crime to be guilty or innocent?     

The role of moral disengagement in the execution process

The present study tested the proposition that disengagement of moral self-sanctions enables prison personnel to carry out the death penalty. Three subgroups of personnel in penitentiaries located in three Southern states were assessed in terms of eight mechanisms of moral disengagement. The personnel included the execution teams that carry out the executions; the support teams that provide solace and emotional support to the families of the victims and the condemned inmate; and prison guards who have no involvement in the execution process. The executioners exhibited the highest level of moral, social, and economic justifications, disavowal of personal responsibility, and dehumanization. The support teams that provide the more humane services disavowed moral disengagement, as did the noninvolved guards but to a lesser degree than the support teams.     

犯罪调查心理测试技术中的心理信息分析与实践

目的说明心理信息概念对犯罪调查心理测试技术的指导作用。方法综合分析了心理测试技术的功能演变,用信息论的科学原理对心理测试技术进行了全新的定义和诠释,详细论述了心理测试技术的心理信息探查功能,对心理信息的主动性和被动性、测试时机提前、测试前对被测人进行生理状态和心理信息受干扰情况评估、案件测试条件选择、测试题目编制、测前谈话控制、测试目的分析和测试技术综合运用等问题进行了科学系统的论述。结果每一部分论述里都结合了具体的案件办理实践,充分说明了心理信息新理论对心理测试技术实践的科学指导效果。     

略论中国古代的法律伦理——以《唐律疏议》为中心

中国古代也存在法律伦理。《唐律疏议》是中华法系的代表作,以它为中心来审视古代的法律伦理,具有一定的代表性。中国古代的法律伦理存在于法律的原则、制度和具体内容之中,《唐律疏议》中法律伦理的形成有一定的条件支撑。与中国古代的法律伦理相关,法律伦理的作用、阐发和影响等问题值得关注。     

Assessing the Impact of Community-oriented Policing on Arrest

Community-oriented policing’s (COP’s) influence and effect on policing has been significant in recent years with evidence suggesting that it increases police satisfaction, partially improves police legitimacy and reduces citizen’s fear of crime. It has also been hypothesized to influence the likelihood of an arrest; however, this possibility presents competing theoretical mechanisms and limited empirical assessment. The current study uses a multilevel analytic approach to merge data from the National Incident Based Reporting System data base with information from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey to investigate this possibility. Results indicate that agencies engaged in greater and specific COP activities experience an increased likelihood of arrest in violent crime incidents. This effect varies by the type of violent crime and the amount of COP activity undertaken.     

刑事侦查政策述评

中国侦查政策内容十分丰富,但政策存在明显不足或者缺陷,并导致侦查政策和法制功能弱化。应当深刻变革侦查政策与侦查法律之间的关系,使书面法律真实化、生活化,幕后侦查权力公开化,侦查权力运行有序化;革除超级侦查强权和法外侦查权,建立"充分但有限,规范而高效"的现代侦查权和侦查法制模式,保持侦查权力与控制、惩罚犯罪和保护个人权利之间的平衡。应当实现刑事侦查政策及其理论的革新和转型,重构刑事侦查政策,实现侦查政策法治化。     

The effect of community policing on fear and crime reduction,police legitimacy and job satisfaction: an empirical review of the evidence

Since the 1970s, community policing strategies or the language thereof have been purportedly initiated by a number of police departments nationwide to address notable issues such as crime, neighborhood disorder, and fear of crime. This policing philosophy has received considerable attention and support among scholars, police administrators, and criminal justice practitioners. This article synthesizes the available empirical evidence on the effectiveness of community policing initiatives using a variety of outcome measures. An overview of community policing is first provided with particular attention paid to its essence and objectives. Prior studies that have analyzed community policing effectiveness are then reviewed and assessed in terms of their methodological rigor and scientific merit. A discussion and future research considerations are presented to conclude.