Optimal Law Enforcement with Dissemination of Information

In this paper we discuss the implications of introducing imperfect information on the optimal law enforcement literature. We assume that individuals can be imperfectly informed about the probability of apprehension and about the sanction.Imperfect information about the probability and the sanction might pose a problem to criminal deterrence. If that is the case, there are clear incentives to disseminate information about law enforcement (probability and severity of sanction). However, note that individuals also have incentives to buy information about law enforcement: they may erroneously decide to become criminals (because they have underestimated the expected sanction) or they may erroneously decide not to become criminals (because they have overestimated the expected sanction).This paper proposed that it is optimal to complement criminal punishment with some disclosure of information.     

Optimal Law Enforcement with a Rent-Seeking Government

This article analyzes public and private law enforcement whenthe government is motivated by rent seeking. A rent-seekinggovernment seeks primarily to maximize revenue. The articleconcludes as follows: (1) if offenders have sufficient wealth,a rent-seeking government is more aggressive than a social-welfare-maximizinggovernment in enforcing laws against minor crimes (such as parkingviolations) but more lax in enforcing laws against major crimes;(2) competitive private enforcement is usually better and neverworse than monopolistic private enforcement; (3) The choicebetween competitive private enforcement and public enforcementdepends on which is cheaper and on the severity of the offense.     

Incarcerated Battered Women: A Comparison of Battered Women Who Killed Their Abusers and Those Incarcerated for Other Offenses

The present study compared battered women incarcerated for killing/seriously assaulting their abusers with battered women incarcerated for other offenses to explore possible similarities and differences in the characteristics and experiences of the two groups as well as to determine what factors may lead some battered women to use lethal force against their partners. Comparisons were made on a number of variables including sociodemographic factors, characteristics of the battering relationship, alcohol/drug use of battered women and their abusers, perceived social support, actions taken to end the violence, prior criminal behaviors, and childhood trauma factors. Findings revealed that women in the homicide/assault group were older, in the relationship longer and experienced a longer duration of violence in this relationship. They also experienced more frequent and severe battering, including sex assaults and sustained more injuries than those in the comparison group. Further, battered women who killed/seriously assaulted their partners were more likely to believe that their lives were in danger, were less likely to use violence against their partners, and were less likely to have a prior criminal record or to have served time previously. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

International Law Enforcement Co-operation: A Critical Assessment

Almost all European countries are member countries of Interpol, the World Customs Organisation and the United Nations. Some of them are Benelux and Schengen countries, and 15 are EU Member States. With this in mind, Europe can be considered, in policing terms, as being made up of a series of concentric and overlapping circles. The map shows overlapping institutional sources, territorial remits, functional specialisations and strategic emphasis. This article focuses on recent developments in European police co-operation, as well as judicial co-operation. International law enforcement co-operation is more and more influenced by basic political developments. Based on a rather complex, and sometimes confusing patchwork of institutions, there is a growing influence of intergovernmental based new developments. In particular prevention and combating organised crime are the main reasons for new and more professional ways of improved horizontal co-operation.     

试论执法公正

“执法公正”是指行政执法行为的过程和结果遵循和体现了公平与正义的原则,包括实体公正和程序公正。现阶段,我国更应强调程序公正。实现“执法公正”需要从完善立法、提高执法人员“法治”观念与执法水平入手。     

论诈害案外人恶意诉讼之程序法规制

恶意诉讼的形态多种多样,有些可以得到法律的规制,有些则由于法律制度的缺失,难以得到规制,以诈害案外人为目的的恶意诉讼即如此,因此应当考虑借鉴外国民事诉讼法上的经验,改革和完善我国的民事诉讼法,扩大有独立请求权第三人的范围,赋予权利被恶意诉讼侵害的案外人以诉讼参与权;扩大申请再审主体的范围,赋予权利被恶意诉讼者侵害的案外人以请求撤销生效裁判的权利。     

A Note on Optimal Law Enforcement under Asymmetric Information

We show that the probability of apprehension and punishment is usually reduced in a framework with asymmetric information, leading to more offenses being committed. A positive correlation between crime and asymmetry of information in the enforcement process is established. Some suggestions concerning the efficiency of private versus public enforcement are drawn.     

警察选择性执法之规范

选择性执法在警察行政中相当普遍，而选择性执法形成原因的复杂性，社区警政模式的兴起，对个案正义的追求，行政效率的提升等因素决定了规范机制的复杂和困难。基于此，选择性执法规范机制必须建立在对其更为深入而全面的了解基础之上，而且还应该通过多种措施的组合，尤其是警察执法规则的适用，才能有效规范选择性执法。     

行政许可法的执行现状及其对策分析——行政许可法实施一周年之际

<行政许可法>的实施,推进了我国依法行政、依法治国的进程.但是,<行政许可法>实施近一年来暴露出了许多亟待解决的问题.各级政府要针对出现的问题,加强法治观念建设、电子政务建设、行业和中介组织建设,完善许可配套制度、许可听政制度、财政管理制度、监督制约机制,改革行政诉讼制度、国家赔偿制度等,实现建立法治政府的目标,加快社会主义现代化建设的步伐.     

从行政法的角度看《物权法》的实施

<物权法>是一部民事基本法律.从行政法的角度看,该法与不动产登记行政行为、没收及扣押等具体行政行为以及抽象行政行为的权限和效力等密切相关,对于规范征收、征用具有重要的作用,对建设法治政府将产生深远的影响.     

反垄断法实施的反垄断——论中国反垄断法的私人执行

中国反垄断法的实施一般由公共执行所垄断,但是,公共执行事实上却存在机构设置、公法责任等方面的局限性,因而反垄断法的实施不应由公共执行所垄断,还应引入私人执行,因为私人执行不仅是一种权利救济的途径,也是反垄断法的实施方式之一,有助于弥补和矫正公共执行的不足.在现行法律框架下,中国反垄断法私人执行可采取民事诉讼、仲裁、行政诉讼等三种方式.     

我国仲裁法实施中的几个问题

《中华人民共和国仲裁法》实施 5年多来 ,暴露了某些问题 ,本文探讨了其中几个亟待解决的问题 :仲裁事项的范围、仲裁机构的约定、已经签字尚未生效的合同纠纷能否通过仲裁解决和仲裁协议的效力异议的解决办法。     

Sexual Assault Training of Law Enforcement Officers

Abstract

The importance of proper response to victims of sexual abuse or assault has been well documented. However, despite their prominence as responders, little research has been conducted on training law enforcement officials to conduct this aspect of their jobs effectively. We describe results of a statewide survey of the adequacy of law enforcement officers' preparation to respond to victims of sexual assault. Results revealed a significant need for greater training on the topic, as well as a number of potential positive impacts of additional training and education, including feelings of better preparation, greater collaboration with external resources, more likelihood of victim participation in investigation, and more cases being brought to prosecution. Based on the results, we present a model of proposed benefits of additional training for police officers in sexual assault.     

智能化环境行政执法探析

适应"互联网+"大数据时代环境法治建设需要,我国智能化环境行政执法迅速发展起来,但是受资金、技术和管理等因素制约,智能化环境行政执法还存在一些问题,如智能化监控设备归属权及定位模糊、监测数据不准确、监控与执法脱节等。为解决这些问题,我国应进一步完善相关的法律法规体系,明确在线监测主体,加大资金及技术投入的规范化管理,完善智能化环境行政执法的公众参与机制,进而解决环境行政执法中企业污染物排放量监控及环境责任承担的问题,使智能化环境行政执法成为大数据时代执法的重要形式。     

浅议税收执法的过程控制

本文将管理学中的"过程控制"理论引入规范税收执法课题中,希冀把ISO9000质量管理标准中的"全员参与、过程控制、持续改进"的管理理念融入税收执法中。从界定"控制"、"过程控制"的内涵入手,研究其理论前提;通过对"过程控制"理论的先进性、税收执法的单方意志性、自由裁量性和效力先定性以及税收执法现状的分析,得出税收执法引入"过程控制"理论的必要性。提出税收执法过程控制应达到的三个理想目标及加强税收执法过程控制的八项具体措施。     

大陆与澳门刑法中排除犯罪性之执行命令事由的比较

排除犯罪性的事由是指根据刑法规范或者社会相当性理念而排除行为的犯罪性使之正当化的事实。在我国澳门刑法与大陆刑法中,依法执行命令的事实均可排除行为之犯罪性。但是,由于受诸种因素的影响,两地刑法对于执行命令的立法渊源、构成条件以及排除犯罪性的理由等方面存在显著差异。     

行政执法与刑事司法衔接的理性审视

行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接,事关依法行政和公正司法,对共同打击违法犯罪、推进法治建设具有重要价值。行政执法与刑事司法衔接问题是一直困扰我国执法实践的难题之一,如何构建一个合法、规范的两法衔接机制是理论界和实务界共同研究的现实问题。在回顾两法衔接的历程、梳理两法衔接存在问题的基础上,应当着眼于克服基础理论薄弱、立法衔接不足、行政机关与司法机关定位不准、衔接程序粗陋等障碍,进而有必要厘清基本理论、完善立法内容、明确职责定位、规范操作程序等。     

民商法在公安执法中的地位研究

民商法的平等、权利保护、诚信等基本原则对树立人民警察的执法理念具有重要作用,对维护人民警察自身合法利益也具有重要意义。现在,公安机关在具体执法工作中愈来愈多地应用民商法知识。因此,研究民商法在公安执法工作中的地位,有助于扭转以往公安工作重刑轻民的传统观念,提高警察的素质,更好地发挥人民警察的作用。