法庭影像选择:胜过千言万语

法庭影像选择：胜过千言万语（美）赫伯特Ｌ·伯利兹，李昌博译译者前言随着科学技术的飞速发展，越来越多的高技术被用于侦查和证实犯罪。数码摄影这一结合计算机图像处理技术与摄影的高新技术手段在司法工作中的应用就是一个突出的例子。数码摄影由于其对影像近乎完美的...     

泰科视频监控新技术亮点纷呈

<正>高清监控更应提升影像画质对于视频监控而言,图像清晰度无疑是关键,图像越清晰,细节越明显,智能应用的准确度也越高。但是,片面追求高像素并无意义,因为图像质量并不仅仅取决于像素点,还取决于图像处理技术。泰科集成安防的视频监控解决方案,除了通过采用更高分辨率的摄像机覆盖相同的区域,来获得更高的像素密度和更大视野,还采用多种先进的影像提升技术提高产品差异化和性能:宽动态:使摄像机在光源对比明显的场景,捕捉更多画面细节,     

THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪的放大率估计及其图像的长宽比校正

目的 校正THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪图像的长宽比并估计系统放大率参数.方法 制作测试图片,用紫外光谱成像仪拍摄紫外光谱影像集,由图像和测试图片的差异分析出成像缺陷和放大率参数.结果 通过Photoshop测量像素值的方法测量出图像的长宽比差异,并用MATLAB算法校正,同时得出紫外光谱成像仪的放大倍率β.结论 校正后紫外光谱图像恢复了原始比例,且系统放大率β可以在恢复痕迹原始大小时发挥作用,由此获得准确的紫外光谱图像供后续光谱分析检验和研究.     

关于防水红外夜视摄像机几个问题的观点

一、防水红外夜视摄像机市场需求暴涨根据CCD(电气耦合器件)的光谱响应特性,在近红外区域,它仍然具有20%左右的敏感能力(与可见光相比)。一般的CCD摄像机为了保证正常光线下的色彩还原能力,改善分辨率,需要在CCD的器件表面粘贴一块红外截止绿光片(OLPF),以滤掉红外光的干扰,但对于目前已广泛使用的红外夜视摄像机,则需利用CCD的这一感光特性,它实际上是对CCD在应用上的拓展和延     

栅格特征在打印文件检验中的应用研究

目的通过对打印文字栅格特征进行实验研究,总结其稳定性和易引起特征变化的因素,为二次添加打印和换页变造文件检验探索新的思路。方法以500个常用汉字为主要研究对象,选用不同品牌、不同型号激光打印机,设置不同分辨率或质量模式,用同一台电脑或不同台电脑安装不同驱动程序,打印中易宋体常用字不同字号的样本。通过对打印文字笔画细节特征进行比对分析,总结打印文字栅格特征的规律特点。结果打印文字存在三类栅格特征,一是横笔段厚度特征,二是竖笔段宽度特征,三是斜笔画阶梯特征。同一台打印机一次打印的文件,相同字体字号文字的栅格特征反映相同;不同打印机或同一台打印机连接不同版本操作系统的电脑,或安装不同驱动程序,或选择不同的打印分辨率,栅格特征可能发生变化。结论栅格特征在同一次打印的文件中具有稳定性,在不同硬件和软件环境下可能发生改变,可以为换页文件和二次添加打印文件检验提供新的思路。     

搭载自研130万CCD高清机芯 提供高清低码流——海思达HD-130CCD-C一体化高清网络摄像机全新出炉

<正>深圳市海思达数字技术有限公司,是专注于安防监控、数字视音频技术和产品的研发设计、贴片生产、销售与服务的专业厂家寄。公司采用索尼唯一一款成熟的130万CCD高清方案研发并生产了130万CCD高清一体化机芯。此次送测的HD-130CCD-C一体化高清网络摄像机是海思达搭载自研高清1 30万CCD一体化机芯的IPC产品,支持最大960P图像分辨率,具备18倍光学变焦。     

挑战市场主流——专访Pixim亚洲区销售副总裁洛克大德博士

美国Pixim公司是一家专业从事数字图像传感器整套方案研发厂商，该公司的数码像素系统（DPS）的平台是一款完全数字化的处理系统，可以提供任何其他比现有CCD、CMOS技术都要出色的动态和静态图像。     

全波段CCD系统在刑事影像技术中的应用

全波段CCD系统可在波长200-1200纳米光谱范围进行摄影,包括紫外线、可见光和红外线。它可将不可见光图像实时转化为可见光图像,并可实现低照度情况下微弱信号的采集以及高质量图像的采集和处理,集痕迹检验、文件检验、数字照相和图像处理于一体。本文介绍了全波段CCD系统的结构、特点与在刑事影像技术中的应用。     

数码显微镜成像技术的应用

数码显微镜又叫视频显微镜,它是将显微镜看到的实物图像通过数模转换,使其成像在显微镜自带的屏幕或计算机上。数码显微镜将光学显微镜技术、光电转换技术、液晶屏幕技术完美地结合,并配备了影像处理和测量软件,实现图像观察、数据测量、图片保存、处理、打印等功能。从而大大提高了工作效率。     

数码照相技术在刑事照相中的应用

１数码照相机的原理特点数码相机（即DIGITALCAMERA）简称DC机。它与传统照相机最大的区别在于感光与存贮的方法有本质上的不同。传统相机是利用含银盐感光片上的化学药剂对光信号产生的化学反应而将图像固定下来。而数码照相机中接受图像的不是化学胶片，而是用对光线非常敏感的CCD（即电荷耦合器）组成的传感器，它能将不同的光能转换成相应的电模拟信号，然后将这种不断变化的电流变成用来表示数字的电流脉冲，并将这些数字电信号送入数字存贮器内贮存（数码照相机中的储存卡），传统照相机在照相之后，需经过复杂的暗房、冲洗、…     

The New UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity: A Counterbalance to the WTO?

On 20 October 2005, the 33rd UNESCO General Conference adoptedby a majority of 148 votes to two the Convention on the Protectionand Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (CCD).The major objectives of the CCD are the recognition of the dualnature of cultural expressions as objects of trade and artefactsof cultural value and the recognition of the sovereign rightof governments to formulate and implement cultural policiesand measures for the protection and promotion of cultural diversity.The ambitious role assigned to the CCD by its proponents isto fill an existing lacuna for cultural objectives in publicinternational law and to serve as a cultural counterbalanceto the World Trade Organization (WTO) in future conflicts betweentrade and culture. Opponents, however, have criticized the CCDas an instrument of disguised protectionism and claimed thatit violates freedom of expression and information. This articleendeavours to explain how cultural diversity has become an issueof international law and provides a critical assessment of thestrengths and weaknesses of the CCD. It explores in particularthe possible linkages between the CCD and the WTO.     

Differentiating synthetic and optical zooming for passive video forgery detection: An anti-forensic perspective

A video can be manipulated using synthetic zooming without using the state-of-the-art video forgeries. Synthetic zooming is performed by upscaling individual frames of a video with varying scale factors followed by cropping them to the original frame size. These manipulated frames resemble genuine natural (optical) camera zoomed frames and hence may be misclassified as a pristine video by video forgery detection algorithms. Even if such a video is classified as forged, forensic investigators may ignore the results, believing it as part of an optical camera zooming activity. Hence, this can be used as an anti-forensic method which eliminates digital evidence. In this paper, we propose a method for differentiating optical camera zooming from synthetic zooming for video tampering detection. The features used for this method are pixel variance correlation and sensor pattern noise. Experimental results on a dataset containing 3200 videos show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The applicability of holography in forensic identification: a fusion of the traditional optical technique and digital technique

In this study, the applicability of holography in the 3-dimensional recording of forensic objects such as skulls and mandibulae, and the accuracy of the reconstructed 3-D images, were examined. The virtual holographic image, which records the 3-dimensional data of the original object, is visually observed on the other side of the holographic plate, and reproduces the 3-dimensional shape of the object well. Another type of holographic image, the real image, is focused on a frosted glass screen, and cross-sectional images of the object can be observed. When measuring the distances between anatomical reference points using an image-processing software, the average deviations in the holographic images as compared to the actual objects were less than 0.1 mm. Therefore, holography could be useful as a 3-dimensional recording method of forensic objects. Two superimposition systems using holographic images were examined. In the 2D-3D system, the transparent virtual holographic image of an object is directly superimposed onto the digitized photograph of the same object on the LCD monitor. On the other hand, in the video system, the holographic image captured by the CCD camera is superimposed onto the digitized photographic image using a personal computer. We found that the discrepancy between the outlines of the superimposed holographic and photographic dental images using the video system was smaller than that using the 2D-3D system. Holography seemed to perform comparably to the computer graphic system; however, a fusion with the digital technique would expand the utility of holography in superimposition.     

Is a Refrigerator Good or Evil? The Moral Evaluation of Everyday Objects

Certain objects such as family heirlooms are often treated as if they have intrinsic moral qualities, including sacredness and infinite value. Other objects such as instruments of torture are often seen as inherently repellent. Do people also evaluate more mundane objects such as refrigerators as morally good or bad? Here we explore the nature and scope of moral object evaluation through two experiments that asked participants to rate how morally good or bad a large set of familiar objects were. We find that (a) everyday objects tend to be seen as morally positive and (b) unlike mere liking, the moral evaluation of objects is positively linked to the age and political conservatism of the participants. These findings are discussed in relation to research on automatic evaluation, mere exposure effects, and the relationship between affective states and moral judgments.     

一种基于Otsu算法的印章二值化算法

本文提出了一种基于Otsu算法的印章二值化法.该算法通过对算法的改进,考虑了印章图象象素的灰度分布值和它们邻域象素的平均灰度值分布情况.并不是用于整幅印章图象,而是用于分块的印章图象.实验证明,该算法适合印章的二值化处理.     

Individual Camera Identification Using Correlation of Fixed Pattern Noise in Image Sensors

Abstract:  This paper presents results of experiments related to individual video camera identification using a correlation coefficient of fixed pattern noise (FPN) in image sensors. Five color charge-coupled device (CCD) modules of the same brand were examined. Images were captured using a 12-bit monochrome video capture board and stored in a personal computer. For each module, 100 frames were captured. They were integrated to obtain FPN. The results show that a specific CCD module was distinguished among the five modules by analyzing the normalized correlation coefficient. The temporal change of the correlation coefficient during several days had only a negligible effect on identifying the modules. Furthermore, a positive relation was found between the correlation coefficient of the same modules and the number of frames that were used for image integration. Consequently, precise individual camera identification is enhanced by acquisition of as many frames as possible.     

CLOSE‐UPS AND THE SCALE OF ECOLOGY: LAND USES AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOCIAL CONTEXT AND CRIME

Whereas one line of recent neighborhood research has placed an emphasis on zooming into smaller units of analysis such as street blocks, another line of research has suggested that even the meso‐area of neighborhoods is too narrow and that the area surrounding the neighborhood is also important. Thus, there is a need to examine the scale at which the social ecology impacts crime. We use data from seven cities from around the year 2000 to test our research questions using multilevel negative binomial regression models (N = 73,010 blocks and 8,231 block groups). Our results suggest that although many neighborhood factors seem to operate on the microscale of blocks, others seem to have a much broader impact. In addition, we find that racially and ethnically homogenous blocks within heterogeneous block groups have the most crime. Our findings also show the strongest results for a multitude of land‐use measures and that these measures sharpen some of the associations from social characteristics. Thus, we find that accounting for multiple scales simultaneously is important in ecological studies of crime.     

Forged seal detection based on the seal overlay metric

This paper describes a method for verifying the authenticity of a seal impression imprinted on a document based on the seal overlay metric, which refers to the ratio of an effective seal impression pattern and the noise in the neighborhood of the reference impression region. A reference seal pattern is obtained by taking the average of a number of high-quality impressions of a genuine seal. A target seal impression to be examined, often on paper with some background texts and lines, is segmented out from the background by an adaptive threshold applied to the histogram of color components. The segmented target seal impression is then spatially aligned with the reference by maximizing the count of matching pixels. Then the seal overlay metric is computed for the reference and the target. If the overlay metric of a target seal is below a predetermined limit for the similarity to the genuine, then the target is classified as a forged seal. To further reduce the misclassification rate, the seal overlay metric is adjusted by the filling rate, which reflects the quality of inked pattern of the target seal. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect elaborate seal impressions created by advanced forgery techniques such as lithography and computer-aided manufacturing.     

Reporting under International Human Rights Treaties: Perspectives from Timor Leste's Experience of the Reformed Process

This article explores Timor Leste's experience of reportingunder the reformed international human rights treaties reportingsystem during the period 2004–2007. Whilst consciousnesshas grown of the difficulties faced by states by the duplicationof treaty reporting processes and the resource burden representedby reporting, the reforms instituted to date have been comparativelyminor. Timor's experience with the new Common Core Document(CCD)/treaty-specificdocument format affirms that reporting serves useful purposes,particularly in stimulating human rights education initiatives,government/NGO collaboration and awareness of human rights gapsin practice. The reformed process highlights cross-cutting humanrights matters. Yet, significant challenges remain, particularlyfor developing, post-conflict states, before reporting willattain its desired potential of support for improved human rightspromotion and protection at the national level. The CCD itselfraises complex conceptual difficulties needing resolution. Thereremains a paucity of appropriate methodological tools to supportthe reporting process and facilitate the integration of humanrights and development goals. Further work is thus needed toshape a sustainable process for reporting.     

Morphofunctional changes of external male genitalia in alcoholism and substance abuse

The external male genitals (EMG) of male corpses, who abused alcohol and narcotics at lifetime, were examined. The objects were stained according to the common histological and histochemical methods. The study results are indicative of a high frequency rate of pathologic changes of the EMG in persons, who abused alcohol and narcotics at lifetime. The inflammatory, fibrosing and atrophic changes of the EMG as well as a reduced vascular permeability can be a cause for erection malfunction.