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英国反恐立法的新发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
英国自20世纪初期就存在反恐立法的雏形,后于20世纪70年代制定了专门的反恐法。进入21世纪以来,英国进行了一系列新的反恐立法,极大地改善了反恐怖斗争的法律环境。然而,随着恐怖主义态势的变化,英国反恐立法也面临着社会防卫与人权保障的抉择。 相似文献
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澳大利亚反恐怖主义立法述评 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为应对日益严重的恐怖主义威胁,澳大利亚加快了反恐怖主义立法的进程,澳大利亚反恐怖主义法对基础性概念进行界定,增设了恐怖主义犯罪罪名,完善恐怖主义犯罪的诉讼程序,对有关部门进行特殊授权,并且严格了对澳大利亚本土的防范措施.澳大利亚反恐怖主义立法采用附属式的立法模式,并涉及预防、处置及制裁等多重内容,体现了普通法系的"程序优先"的特征,极大地扩张了国家行政权力.随着反恐斗争的开展,普通法系国家愈加重视制定法的作用.但是,反恐怖主义立法引发的人权问题、民族问题和宗教问题也是值得深思的. 相似文献
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Omer F Direk 《美中法律评论》2009,6(12):28-38,53
Small arms have been frequently used in perpetration of human rights violations, and thus need to be subjected to legal scrutiny. This piece attempts to contribute this aim by making a legal analysis of the issue of state complicity in arm transfers. Drawing a frame of applicable laws, it highlights the importance of Article 16 of the ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility where the notion of complicity in international law is typically designed. Moreover, this piece finds the scope of protection provided within this Article limited, and contends that the boundaries of liability for complicit acts must take into account the contemporary political, social, and economic settings for a wider understanding of complicity. 相似文献
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Fiona de Londras 《The Modern law review》2008,71(1):36-58
This article outlines the US Supreme Court's approach to the habeas corpus entitlements of suspected terrorists detained in Guantánamo Bay and argues for the extension of constitutional habeas corpus rights to them. The article considers two ways in which the Supreme Court might carry out this task: first, 'the territorial approach' (based on domestic legal principles of 'unincorporated territories' and principles of leasehold), and secondly, 'the extraterritorial approach' (based on international purposive approaches to the reach of human rights treaties exemplified by the European Court of Human Rights' Article 1 jurisprudence). For reasons of effectiveness of protection, the Article expresses a clear preference for the latter. The House of Lords decision in R (Al-Skeini) v Secretary of State for Defence (2007) is proposed as a template for such a development. Finally the article refutes arguments rejecting such a development based on the 'trade-off thesis' and perceptions of judicial competence. 相似文献
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Zhuojun Wang 《Frontiers of Law in China》2007,2(3):335-352
With the shifting of the economic pattern and the developing of administrative law, the modern constitutionalism of China
has adopted a progressive development process. Over 20 years, the development of democracy, the rule of law and the human
rights protection clearly illustrate this point. For the gradually developing constitutionalism, the theory of limited rational
is a theoretical basis, the stability of society is a social basis, the changing economic system is a economic basis, and
Confucianism is a cultural basis. Constitutionalism of China should continue to go in such an active, steady and gradual way.
Wang Zhuojun, Professor and Director of Administrative Affairs of Soochow University (till now) and as a visiting scholar
in the Department of Government & Politics, University of Maryland, USA (1996.1–1997.1), whose research focuses on culture,
politics and science of law. So far, his publications are “The Political System in the Perspective of Culture”, “A History
of Epistemology”, “A Study of the External Economy of China’s Universities”, and his translations include “Introduction to
Culture and Anthropology”, “Challenge to Culture from Science and Technology”, etc. Moreover, He has presided several research
projects sponsored by The Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Education Department of Jiangsu Province, China. 相似文献
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作为当代西方民主理论和实践的最新发展,协商民主强调公民通过自由而平等的理性对话、辩论、推理和审议等方式来参与公共生活,赋予立法和决策以合法性,从而保证公民自治和真实民主的实现,推动民主政治的发展。协商民主的价值理念契合了当代宪政国家人权保障的核心追求,其宪政功能突出表现在通过制约和监督国家权力以整合多元社会共识,赋予立法和决策以正当合法性,凸显宪政国家人权保障的终极目标。当前各国的乡村社会和地方城市产生了许多新的协商制度形式,为人权保障事业作出了独特贡献。 相似文献
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反对司法审查的学者分别从规范体系、实证经验和因果关系的角度论证司法审查制度的不合时宜。在此基础上,他们提出通过民主来保障人权。虽然民主被官方所认可且有较强的可接受性,并在一定程度上被践行,但以民主观反对司法审查的论者并没有对民主进行清晰的界定,也没有对如何实现民主、如何证明民主的效用、实行民主的成本与收益提出建设性观点。他们理论试错的态度和行为值得肯定,但他们在反对把司法审查当作“最后一根救命稻草”的时候,有意无意地把民主也当作了“最后一根救命稻草”。 相似文献
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《The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice》2017,56(4):480-499
This article is concerned with the way in which criminal justice systems cause harms that go well beyond the ‘headline’ punishment announced at sentencing. This is the phenomenon of ‘collateral consequences of criminal conviction’. This phenomenon has been widely criticised in recent criminological literature. However, the critics do not normally explore or defend the normative basis of their claims – as they need to if their arguments are to strike home against sceptics. I argue that the normative basis of the critics’ position should be seen as involving important normative claims about the responsibilities that societies have towards those who break the law. Some important strands of criticism, I claim, rest on the view that we have associative duties towards offenders (and their dependants and communities) as fellow participants in a collective democratic enterprise, duties that are violated when states impose, or allow, harms that go significantly beyond the sentence. 相似文献
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宽容:和谐社会的宪政之道 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
宽容是和谐社会的基本精神。和谐社会的宪政之道首先是宽容之道。宽容的宪政建设要求我们勘正忽视公民基本权利“基本”属性的错误认识,确立宪政民主观的民主思维。 相似文献
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财产权是公民的基本权利,要保障公民真正的自由和尊严,国家必须对公民的财产权予以最大限度的维护与尊重.同时,公民的个人财产权具有促进公共利益实现的义务,私有财产权又必然受到各种限制.协调财产的不可侵犯性与社会公共福利目标的实现之间的着眼点就落在了行政补偿制度上.行政补偿制度应当界定为一种国家责任,从而最大限度地保障公民的财产权,使国家公共权力与公民权利关系保持合理合法的状态. 相似文献
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恐怖主义主体是否包含国家的问题是困惑恐怖主义法律定义的一个现实障碍。对此问题,发展中国家与西方发达国家认识不一,从历史看,国家恐怖主义是个人或组织团体恐怖主义的根源,而且国家恐怖主义的危害与当量是个人及团体恐怖主义所无法比拟的;学者的学说、国家和联合国内的反国家恐怖主义的努力也说明了国家恐怖主义犯罪的存在;国家的恐怖主义刑事责任追究可依公约以特殊方式进行;国际关系与国际政治行为的民主化与文明化,也要求坚持公理、正义与法律,要求反国家恐怖主义。 相似文献
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司法审查的正当性论争所造成的司法审查正当性困窘,堪称司法审查乃"知难行易"。辩解和诘难司法审查的两种立场,无不从民主、分权、人权与司法审查之关联以证立或驳斥司法审查,其中又内在地勾连着宪法的性质、立法与司法的关系、宪法解释的方法。此种理论上的分异乃至对立,端在于司法审查的正当性问题已非一般意义的司法的正当性问题,而是因司法审查内含修宪,遂转成为政治正当性问题。民主、分权、人权正是关联着司法审查权的依据、方式和目标三个方面,从而成为证立或驳斥司法审查所必然涉及者。而对民主、分权、人权的理解和判定,又往往人言人殊,由此造成理论上的各执一词、分庭抗礼。然而,在证立与驳斥司法审查之间,逻辑上的要求是不对等的。此所以司法审查在理论上困难重重,在实践上却大行其道。此亦所谓"知行分离"。 相似文献
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国际人权条约的形式分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
国际人权条约是国际人权法最重要的渊源。本文从形式角度研究了国际人权条约 ,介绍了国际人权条约的名称 ,区分了国际人权条约的类别 ,总结了国际人权条约的形式特点 ,并分析了国际人权条约的结构。 相似文献
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美洲国家组织反恐法律述评 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
美洲国家组织反恐法律中关于国际恐怖主义犯罪概念的界定,虽然能直接触及恐怖主义犯罪的本质内容,但单纯以罗列主义的立法形式难免存在粗疏或琐碎的弊端;对恐怖主义犯罪的非政治化及或引渡或起诉原则之规定,有其合理性的一面,但限制颇多,需要完善;关于恐怖主义犯罪案件中的国际刑事司法协助及保障恐怖犯罪嫌疑人权利之规定,值得称道,对国际社会完善反恐法律具有启示意义。 相似文献