中国刑法中的重典治吏

本文从研究《唐律》及明太祖关于重典治吏的有关法律规定入手,表明基于封建统治阶级的阶级局限性,重典治吏只能收效于一时,不可能根治封建社会肌体上官吏贪赃枉法的痼疾。最后结合当今法制社会对治吏方面的规定,明确指出古代刑法的“重典治吏”不能用于我国依法治国进程中开展的反腐败斗争。     

从中国古代治吏看当今反腐

当今腐败犯罪不断滋生和蔓延，“反腐”在我国任重道远。其实在我国古代，吏治为历来统治者所重视，封建法律关于治吏的规定，在承前启后的基础上，逐步形成了一个比较完善的体系。虽然其在惩治腐败方面只是一时之效，但是历史地分析和评价封建各王朝的治吏作用，从正反两方面吸取经验，对我国当前的反腐倡廉工作也有一定的借鉴意义。     

朱元璋重典治吏及其启示

为了保障新建立的朱明王朝国家机器的有效运作和吏治清明,朱元璋通过颁布一系列严苛的律令和确立相关的制度进行重典治吏,取得了一定的成效,但并未从根本上解决问题。朱元璋重典治吏的经验教训对当今的反腐败斗争具有一定的借鉴意义。     

为礼所缚的汉代皇权——有关礼之规范功能的一个考察

在中国古代,礼无疑是一套自洽的规范。法律史学界一般只论及礼对法典的影响,很少探讨礼本身,更缺乏对礼治场景的细节性分析。由于汉朝是儒家占据意识形态统治地位的初始阶段,因此汉朝皇权与礼制的关系是考察这一问题的有效切入点。在汉代,董仲舒"天人三策"之后,儒家思想与皇权的关联性日益强化,学习儒术出身的官员或者说儒吏的数量也不断增加。在这种情况下,皇帝对礼制的守护将博得儒吏群体的忠心和支持,他对礼制的违反则将导致儒吏群体的口诛笔伐。礼的规范功能正是在皇帝与儒吏群体的互动中体现出来的,它所蕴含的独特法律意味也因此获得阐释。     

刍议明初重典治吏与当前廉政建设

明太祖朱元璋“重典治吏”的政策对明朝初年肃整吏治、缓和社会矛盾、恢复发展经济起到一定的积极作用。但是，把“法”简单等同于“罚”是“重典治吏”一个严重弊端，违背了“罪责性相适应”的刑法基本原则，丧失了刑法的公正价值。历史的经验表明，民主和法治才是反腐败的根本途径；法制疏密适当、宽严相济才能取得反腐败的良好效果；有自下而上人民大众参与的反腐才是取得廉政建设胜利的根本保证。     

明初"重典治吏"思想刍议

以朱元璋为代表的明初统治集团在总结历代统治经验教训的基础上,提出最具深远影响的"重典治吏"主张.严厉惩治了贪赃枉法的官吏,是明朝立法的重点。     

从唐律看唐朝从严治吏

唐朝统治者在吏治方面实施安人宁国的吏治方针,并承袭了法家以律治吏的思想,运用唐律作为整饬吏治的有力工具,通过强化对有职权者的法律监督,建立对官吏罪责追究的严密网络,并通过倡导吏治廉洁,严防司法腐败等方面来对官吏进行全面的管理。立法者根据宽猛相济、明主治吏不治民的立法思想,制定的一系列从严治吏的法律法规和司法制度,对我国在职官管理和廉政建设方面有重要的启迪意义。     

从唐律看唐朝从严治吏

唐朝统治者在吏治方面实施“安人宁国”的吏治方针，并承袭了法家以律治吏的思想，运用唐律作为整饬吏治的有力工具，通过强化对有职权者的法律监督：建立对官吏靠责追究的严密网络，并通过倡导吏治廉洁，严防司法腐败等方面来对官吏进行全面的管理。立法者根据宽猛相济、明主治吏不治民的立法思想，制定的一系列从严治吏的法律法规和司法制度。对我国在职官管理和廉政建设方面有重要的启迪意义。     

我国古代封建政权治吏略论

人类历史上文官制度的创始者归为中国,而尤为封建官吏制度备受世人推崇。中国古代的封建官吏制度是中国 古代封建政治制度的一个重要组成部分,它对封建制国家的产生、发达产生过重要影响。试图从中国古代封建官 吏的选任、考核、奖惩、监察等方面揭示一些带有共性的,已被历史证明是成功的,可供我们现在参考、倦鉴的一些 法律和制度。     

乾隆朝的治贪治吏

“劣员多留一日则民多受一日之残，国多受一日之蠹”，“斧钺一日未加，则侵贪一日不止。”在惩贪与治吏上，乾降的严厉比他的祖父康熙、父亲雍正有过之而无不及。     

Online fraud victims’ experiences of participating in qualitative interviews

Institutional Review Boards often raise concerns about qualitative research with vulnerable populations such as crime victims, and assume that research with vulnerable populations will be distressing for participants. It is therefore vital to examine whether participants do in fact experience adverse effects stemming from their participation. The existing research is clear that some members of vulnerable populations do feel distressed when they participate in research; however, in most cases, this distress is outweighed by the benefits of participation, such as a sense of having contributed to community awareness raising. This literature is, however, predominantly quantitative. In addition, it overwhelmingly focuses on violent trauma, providing no insight into participants’ experiences of research on non-violent traumatic events. The current study addresses these shortcomings by examining the research participation experiences of victims of online fraud. Specifically, an online questionnaire designed to elicit qualitative data was administered to victims of online fraud who had previously participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview. Among other findings, the study suggests that perceptions about the outcomes of research, in addition to the research process, influence victims’ satisfaction with their participation in qualitative research.     

试论民事诉讼法学的进路——以2006年研究成果为对象的总结与分析

法学学科整体在高速前进,在这个大潮中,民事诉讼法学科作为一个分支在研究队伍和内容方面都有显著的进展,甚至与民商事实体法学结合在一起正在逐步成为法学学科中的显学,但是研究方法、研究广度和深度上仍有明显欠缺,这是民事诉讼法学界的努力方向。     

Fostering industry-science cooperation through public funding: differences between universities and public research centres

This paper analyses behavioural additionality of subsidies by regional and EU framework programme public funding granted to business enterprises in terms of the ??instalment?? of research cooperation between industry and science. Acknowledging their specificities in terms of research orientation, research scale, and management of research, the science component is divided in universities and public research centres. Drawing on firm level data provided by the OECD bi-annual business R&D surveys of 2004 and 2006 for Belgium, the main result is that funding by regional governments fosters the instalment of industry-science research cooperation. However, this positive effect is limited to the case of cooperation with public research centres (and not with universities). The prerequisite of commercialisation of research in the case of funding by regional governments could explain this. Public funding provided by the EU framework programme did not exert an impact on the instalment of industry-science cooperation, neither with universities nor with public research centres. This could be due the fact that EU funding is targeted at firms that are already cooperating and does not favour the set-up of new cooperation.     

Participatory action research in practice: a case study in addressing domestic violence in nine cultural communities

Participatory action research (PAR) is increasingly recognized as a viable approach to developing relationships with communities and working closely with them to address complex public health problems. In the case of domestic violence research, where ensuring the safety of women participants who are battered is paramount, participatory approaches to research that include advocates and women who are battered in research design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination are critical to successful and mutually beneficial projects. This article presents a case study of a PAR project that conducted formative qualitative research on domestic violence in nine ethnic and sexual minority communities. The article describes the specific ways in which a PAR approach was operationalized and discusses in detail how community participation shaped various stages of the research. Furthermore, specific actions that resulted from the research project are reported.     

我国知识产权领域科研课题立项状况研究——基于1994—2011年科研项目的数据分析

知识产权科研课题是知识产权研究的重要形式,其在一定程度上反映了我国知识产权研究的状况和水平。通过对1994—2011年期间我国主要的知识产权领域科研课题的立项、分布等情况的实证分析,可以了解和揭示我国近些年来知识产权领域科研课题的状况,以便改进我国知识产权科研立项机制,同时对于学者们申报和从事相关知识产权问题课题研究也具有参考价值。     

Privacy and research involving humans

Human research ethics committees in Australia are required to consider compliance with privacy law as an element of the ethics of research. Recent legislation has introduced federal private sector privacy protection, as well as privacy protection at State and Territory levels. In Victoria, which is used as an example in this article, State privacy legislation covers public sector information and health records. This article considers the implications for research involving human participants and for ethics committees of the new privacy regimes. Although privacy law is a potential barrier to research about humans, the need for exceptions has been dealt with effectively in the context of medical or health research. However, privacy law and its chilling effect could potentially be a serious impediment to some forms of non-health-related research, such as social and socio-legal research.     

我国犯罪学研究方法与方法研究

每个学科都有自己的研究方法,科学的研究方法是任何学科赖以建立和发展的工具,犯罪学作为一门社会科学,它也有自己的研究方法,而且犯罪学的研究方法呈现出多样化的特点。目前我国犯罪学研究中存在的问题是实证研究缺乏,定性与定量分析分离,研究范式单一陈旧,应整合研究方法,做到思辨与实证相结合,定性与定量相结合,寻求多学科理论支持,重塑犯罪学研究范式。     

法治思维引导下的法律方法论研究——2013年中国法律方法论研究报告

2013年度,国内法律方法论的研究呈现出与司法实践更加紧密联系的态势,强调以法治思维作为引领法律方法论的指导思想。这一特点使得法律方法论研究同时也具有更加宏观的重要意义。个案研究也成为本年度中法律方法论学者更加关注的领域,无论是法律方法论的基础理论还是部门法方法论,都是如此。这说明国内法律方法论的研究走向更加深入和细致,对指导性案例的分析就是其中的典型。部门法方法论研究对教义学属性的强调成为比较突出的特点,这为部门法方法论的深入研究奠定了重要基础。     

Studying Pretrial Publicity Effects: New Methods for Improving Ecological Validity and Testing External Validity

Although research examining the effects of pretrial publicity (PTP) on individuals' appraisals of a defendant and verdict decision making generally has been found to be internally valid, the external validity has been questioned by some social scientists as well as lawyers and judges. It is often proposed that the verisimilitude (or ecological validity) of the research should be increased in the service of increasing external validity; however, increasing verisimilitude can be costly in terms of both time and money. It is proposed that the Internet is a viable means of conducting PTP research that allows high verisimilitude without high costs. This is demonstrated with a study in which we used the Internet to examine PTP effects in an actual trial as it was taking place. Successful use of the Internet to conduct experimental research in other areas of psychology and law is discussed, as well as the importance of future research examining whether independent variables interact with methods in ways that undermine the generalizability of research findings.     

对犯罪心理学研究取向的思考

犯罪心理学的研究 ,需要明确它的学科性质是偏向于社会科学的中间科学和带有浓厚人文色彩的边缘科学。因此 ,在研究方法上 ,不能拘泥于自然科学式的实验室实验研究的方法 ,而应更多地采用社会科学的以社会为背景的实践检验方法 ;既要注意到人的生物性方面 ,更要侧重研究人的社会性方面 ,在此基础上 ,提出犯罪心理学的研究原则、研究方法和具体的研究方向问题。