Nonviolence Begins With Speech: An Interview with Emily Gaarder on the Practice of Nonviolent Communication

This article focuses on the nature of nonviolent communication, specifically how to practice such in our everyday lives. Emily Gaarder discusses a theory and method developed by Marshall Rosenberg of the Center for Nonviolent Communication. She offers practical measures that enable anyone interested in nonviolence to assess whether their ways of speaking are nonviolent and how they might modify their language to interact with others peaceably.     

Digital justice

In a period of growing suspicion about the power of digital technology and ‘tech companies’, this short comment aspires to argue that the conditions for the functioning of the constitutional state contain an inherent obligation for the state not only to be sufficiently sensitive to the changes brought about by digitisation, but also to make use of digitisation. A key condition for the functioning of the constitutional state is e.g. that the judiciary is capable of fully implementing its task of affording legal protection. Reinterpreting this condition in the modern age implies that courts should remain explicitly vigilant when it comes to digitisation. Hence, affording protection is not only a question of what makes formal regulation in a digital world different from regulation in the well-known offline world. If the constitutional state is to be ‘capable’ of implementing its task of affording legal protection, it must also be sufficiently sensitive to the changes brought about by digitisation, as well as deploy the potential that digitisation offers.     

数字信号处理器——DSP数字监控源动力

在视频监控领域，设备的更新换代与多种标准的转换在所难免，一种作法是升级固化在主板上的专用芯片ASIC，但如果采用DSP芯片作为核心处理器，只需要新软件就可以达到这个要求，再增加部分功能软件，则可以适度满足标准方面的要求。考虑到这种需要，一种新型基于视频压缩与编解码的DSP芯片应运而生，并很快得到业界的广泛关注。TI、Philips、ADI、Equator等半导体供应商都十分看好视频压缩与编解码市场，相继推出了具有竞争力的产品。高处理能力芯片的出现给视频监控行业内的数字硬盘录像机，摄像机，网络摄像机，网络视频服务器，编解码器，监视器等子领域带来更小的延迟和更高的帧速。[编者按]     

Digital Hercules?

Is there a limit to what computers can do? In many areas, the facts of today put the sceptics of yesterday in the wrong. Who would have thought twenty years ago that a chess computer could ever beat the human world champion? With respect to computer programs for solving legal problems, the question is not whether they are possible, for they exist. In law, at least two important questions remain. First, whether such programs can eventually perform as good as, or better than humans. Second, whether the use of computers will alter the law and legal adjudication. These two questions are discussed in this article against the background of a comparison of chess and law. The answers give rise to certain premonitions. If the computer is used as an aid in legal decision making, it should be used in awareness of its limitations and idiosyncrasies.     

电子证据若干问题探讨

在我国,随着计算机和互联网的迅速普及和相关技术的发展,与之相关的电子证据问题逐渐成为困扰我国立法和司法实践的难题。我国《刑事诉讼法》应当取消视听资料的相关规定,确立电子证据作为一种独立证据的法律地位。在电子证据的运用方面,应当从电子证据原件的认定、电子证据与最佳证据规则的关系、电子证据复制件的运用等方面加以完善。同时,应当结合我国国情,探讨我国解决电子证据相关问题的现实路径。     

Broadcast,Cable And Digital Must Carry: The Other Digital Divide

As television broadcasters make the transition from analog to digital broadcasting, questions arise as to how must-carry law, which generally requires cable operators to carry the signals of all full-power, local television broadcasters, should apply to broadcasters' digital signals. There are three components to the digital must-carry issue: dual carriage, total carriage and the carriage of program-related content. This article examines the arguments for and against revisions of the law to require any of these three. It concludes that neither dual carriage nor total carriage should be required by law, but that the FCC should develop a flexible definition of program-related content entitled to mandatory carriage to allow the meaning of what constitutes a single channel of programming to evolve with technology.     

Digital Anonymity and the Law

Netherlands International Law Review -     

数字证据的程序法定位--技术、经济视角的法律分析

基于证据在程序中的重要地位以及证据与社会发展息息相关的紧密关联,要促进程序法在数字时代的发展,首先要研究的便是数字技术对包括民事、行政、刑事证据在内的程序证据制度的影响.使用"计算机证据"、"电子证据"概念并不能科学地归纳出这种证据的内涵,而"数字证据"概念则更符合其本质特征.在证据类型上,数字证据与书证、视听资料等已有证据类型颇不相同,是一种新的独立的证据类型,并且,在证据规则上,数字证据具有与其数字技术特性相应的新规则.     

数字作品与权利用尽原则

在信息网络化时代,大众间 常常使用的信息储存媒介 已发生根本变化,不再主要依赖以前的有形物理媒介,如纸张、录音、CD等,代之而起的是Computer to Computer间的信息传递,几乎所有文字、数据、图画、声音等各种形式的作品都能够以数字方式在计算机网络上传输。无可否认,把数字化作品上载到计算机互联网     

Digital evidence from peer-to-peer networks

In this paper we examine the legal aspects of the forensic investigation of peer-to-peer networks. Organisations may encounter instances where employees have used peer-to-peer software for a variety of types of computer misuse including the dissemination of copyrighted materials or indecent images, or instances where peer-to-peer software has been involved in the transmission of malware for malicious or criminal purposes. In this paper we examine the process of the forensic investigation of peer-to-peer networks, and the issues relating to obtaining digital evidence from such peer-to-peer networks.     

Digital evidence from mobile telephone applications

In this paper we examine the legal aspects of the forensic investigation of mobile telephone applications. Mobile telephone applications might be involved with a variety of types of computer misuse including fraud, theft, money laundering, dissemination of copyrighted materials or indecent images, or instances where mobile telephone applications have been involved in the transmission of malware for malicious or criminal purposes. In this paper we examine the process of the forensic investigation of mobile telephone applications, and the issues relating to obtaining digital evidence from mobile telephone applications.     

Digital evidence in cloud computing systems

Cloud computing systems provide a new paradigm to the distributed processing of digital data. Digital forensic investigations involving such systems are likely to involve more complex digital evidence acquisition and analysis. Some public cloud computing systems may involve the storage and processing of digital data in different jurisdictions, and some organisations may choose to encrypt their data before it enters the cloud. Both of these factors in conjunction with cloud architectures may make forensic investigation of such systems more complex and time consuming. There are no established digital forensic guidelines that specifically address the investigation of cloud computing systems. In this paper we examine the legal aspects of digital forensic investigations of cloud computing systems.     

数字空间的反共用问题

因特网的出现带来了很多新鲜而重要的案例.其中大量的案例来源于网络模型是一个分散的世界,而所有权通常集中于权利所有者这二者之间不可调和的矛盾.计算机网络由于摒弃了单一的平台,加强了用户之间的相互依赖性,从而带来了数字空间中新的反共用问题(anti-commons problem).该问题简单来说就是指在网络环境下,权利共有者因为不能或不易完全达成一致来行使权力,使得所有权利用的成本实际上相应地提高了,这类资源因为不易被利用反而将导致实际的损失.最近引起各方关注的Tasini v.纽约时报New York Times Co.案以及因特网标准制订组织IETF所面临的网络技术专利方面的困难都凸显了网络上的这种反共用问题,让我们从这两个案例开始,走进对数字空间新的法律问题的探索中吧.     

数码相机：会成为DVD第二？

DVD事件最终以中国企业交上一笔可观的专利费而暂告结束2。从事件开始至今,媒体都给予了高度的关注,相关部门也积极给企业支招,但是中国企业在DVD专利交费上是否有些不明不白?DVD专利权人以整机计算专利许可费而不以单项来计算是否是一笔“糊涂”帐?这些笔者不得而知。因为至今也不清楚有关DVD专利收费标准的计算细目、中国企业的产品中包含的他人专利技术的清单、这些专利的权利要求书的分析报告、3C和6C集团所谓的联合许可声明的文本、是否有重复收费情况、是否有权利滥用的嫌疑、是否有技术和市场垄断的问题等等。如果说担心公开这…