伯恩施坦的生平和思想发展过程

本文以资本主义的发展和社会主义运动的历史为背景,对伯恩施坦的生平和思想发展过程做了全面的评介,并对社会主义运动和学术界对伯恩施坦的看法进行了评析.     

戈尔巴乔夫与德国统一

1989-1990年,德国问题成为苏联外交的中心内容.当这个问题已经不得不提上议事日程时,无论戈尔巴乔夫及操纵政治的领袖们,还是苏联全体公民,对此都没有任何心理准备.     

Discourse and strategic continuity from Gorbachev through Putin

Discourse analysis reveals that Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary and his successors as Russian presidents have practiced a shared strategy of metaphorical – not spatial – centrism that has gradually slid the state from dictatorship toward democracy. Preservation of a political center for himself and his successors to occupy made it necessary for Boris Yeltsin to dismantle the USSR if elections in Russia were to continue. At the same time, for each successive exponent of this centrist strategy, an attempt to practice democracy without the repellent flaws of electoral fraud and political repression would forgo the strategic advantage of occupying the political center.     

改革二十年--戈尔巴乔夫访谈录

[编译者按]2005年3月11日是戈尔巴乔夫担任苏共总书记的20周年纪念日.俄罗斯"灯塔"广播电台为此于3月10日专门邀请戈尔巴乔夫就听众和网友所提出的在这20年间所发生的许多问题进行了现场解答.以访谈录原有基本格式和主要内容为基础,编译者将其分为六个部分.     

Gorbachev, ideology, and the fate of Soviet communism

The collapse of the Soviet Union has spurred much scholarly debate about the reasons for the rapid disintegration of this apparently entrenched system. In this article, it is argued that the basic source of ultimate weakness was the obverse of the system's strengths, especially its form of organization and its relation to Marxist–Leninist ideology. Democratic centralism provided cohesion for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) but also gave inordinate control over ideology to the party leader. Mikhail Gorbachev carried out an ideological revision that undercut the legitimacy of party elites and his restructuring of the system left the party with no clear functional role in the society. The successor party, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), has made a surprising comeback for communism, utilizing the Leninist model of party organization, which has proved to be highly effective in the Russian political culture. Furthermore, the CPRF, under party leaders like Gennadi Zyuganov, has avoided Gorbachev's ideological deviations while attempting to broaden the party's base through the cultivation of Russian nationalism.     

戈尔巴乔夫时期对苏共领导人的批判与基层党组织的困境

戈尔巴乔夫改革时期,在"民主化"、"公开性"和"舆论多元化"的口号下,苏联展开了一场对苏共早期领导人的批判运动.这场批判运动严重破坏了苏联领袖的形象,搞乱了社会思想意识,带来深刻的信仰危机.1990年起,党员退党,交出党证现象普遍,党员大批流失,党的队伍涣散,基层党组织陷入前所未有的困境,党的基础从底层被破坏.     

The Representation of Mikhail Gorbachev in the Twenty-first Century Russian Media

The aim of this study is to investigate the representation of Mikhail Gorbachev in contemporary Russian media discourse. Attention is paid to Gorbachev's social roles and activities as well as his personality, as presented in Russian news texts. The empirical data were collected over the period from 2000 to 2009 from seven major Russian newspapers. According to these data, a dual relationship to Gorbachev exists: in the West he is an honoured politician with a high profile, whereas in Russia the attitude towards him is ambivalent. In most texts he is represented as a once important political actor.