民主革命时期开滦工人运动在中国工运史上的地位

开滦煤矿是中国近代较大的工业企业之一,有数万产业工人,建矿后的几十年间,矿工进行了数十次罢工运动,沉重打击了晚清政府、英国资本家、日本帝国主义和国民党反动派的反动统治,在中国民主革命时期工人运动史上占有极其重要的地位。     

Building shared power: the Trans-Arabian Pipeline and the technopolitics of anti-sectarian labor mobilization in Lebanon, 1950–1964

ABSTRACT

This article examines anti-sectarianism and the technopolitics of labor mobilization at the facilities of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline) company in Lebanon between 1950 and 1964. It argues that although Tapline helped sustain a Lebanese elite strategy of cross-sectarian power-sharing, it also unintentionally fostered specifically anti-sectarian labor mobilization. Pursuing a line of inquiry into the technopolitics of worker mobilization around oil infrastructure opened by Timothy Mitchell’s Carbon Democracy, this article specifically examines how Lebanese Tapline workers construed their actions, and did so in anti-sectarian terms. It also proposes that similar studies of labor and the technopolitics of infrastructure could offer productive avenues for inquiry into the origins of anti-sectarian politics in Lebanon.     

Race and Class

This article examines the rise of the Independent Workers Union (IWU) in Ireland, North and South, in relation to the bifurcation of trade unionism on the Island, from 1900 until the demise of the so-called Celtic tiger in the early years of the twenty-first century. It is argued that two competing ideological and political trajectories defined the major divisions in the Irish labour movement and where given added impetus with the formation of two separate states after 1920. One tradition was committed to an idea of a progressive British empire, while the other was born of a movement linking together trade union, class and national autonomy. A trade union with a long history and recent past, the IWU represents a labour movement formation whose tradition extends the latter: it is committed to developing forms of opposition to state and capital. If more subdued since the partition of the island, this tradition was reignited with the implosion of Social Partnership in the South and the rise of the new sectarianism in the North. Neoliberalism, with its consequent assault upon labour and its various institutions more broadly, provided additional impetus to the creation of the IWU in 2004. The article also assesses its various alternative union and community organising strategies.     

《1857—1858 年经济学手稿》中资本权力的劳动话语批判

马克思在《1857—1858 年经济学手稿》中对资本权力的批判呈现出系统的劳动话语。以唯物史观考察雇佣劳动的历史生成,劳动者历经三重否定丧失生产资料和生活资料,并在双重自由下一无所有,最终被赶往劳动力市场。以雇佣劳动的被支配权考察资本与劳动的对立统一关系：在对立意义上,活劳动保存和转移旧价值的能力表现为资本的自我保存力,劳动联合的生产力表现为资本的生产力;二者的统一表现为不对等的双向依赖关系。在特定语境中以死劳动、对象化劳动、非生产劳动、总体劳动指代资本。以劳动在客观劳动条件、自身劳动能力、劳动产品面前的异化揭露资本对劳动的剥削。资本是“活生生的矛盾”,创造出消灭自身的条件,并推动无产阶级联合,促成无产阶级“利用资本消灭资本”,进而使一般劳动与自由时间回归劳动者自身。以劳动话语审视资本,不仅提供了资本权力批判的另一视角,而且对推进当代无产阶级联合和社会关系变革有重要启示。     

The Liverpool Dock Strike, 1995–98: a resurgence of solidarity in the age of globalisation

As the 20th anniversary of the 1995–1998 Liverpool Dockers’ Strike approaches, this case of industrial action should not be dismissed as a reminder of yet another nail in the coffin of organised labour. Rather, this event needs to be viewed more optimistically in hindsight as a symbol that working-class consciousness and systems of solidarity had not vanished entirely from Britain after the crushing collapse of domestic manufacturing and the fall of the miners in 1985. Indeed, the Liverpool dockers invented a fresh campaign of industrial action at this time, led more from the ‘bottom-up’ than most other labour protests in the past. Fuelled by a cognisant awareness of both community and workplace experience within the context of popular historical memory, this industrial action played significant roles in reconfiguring and adapting solidarity in this new era of rentier, global capitalism. It is appropriate we recall working-class militancy in a city whose own historical narrative is often described as ‘exceptional’ when one reflects upon Liverpool’s long entrenched culture of opposition.     

Workers and technological change in the United States

Abstract

In this paper, we put forward a theoretical framework for understanding a positive relationship between labor laws and innovation and rigorously test it against both historical and empirical data. We show how several periods in the economic history of the United States – like the increase in slave-field hand productivity in cotton picking in the Antebellum South, the transition in the North from artisanal shops to nonmechanized factories, the increase in productivity in mechanized textile factories in the Northeast in the late Antebellum period, and the increase in productivity in sharecropping after the Civil War – can be understood, at least partially, through our theoretical framework. To build further support for the framework, we empirically analyze how change in labor laws during the early twentieth century affected patent issuance by state. And we also look at how changes in worker power, as proxied by strike activity, affected patent issuance by industry between the early twentieth century and 1980.     

加入WTO对我国劳动力素质的挑战

劳动力素质是一个国家经济增长与发展的重要源泉和推动力 ,也是竞争能力的重要构成部分。中国劳动力素质整体水平偏低 ,加入WTO对我国劳动力素质提出了严峻挑战。     

劳动教育的本体地位、本体价值及实践创新

劳动是人之所以成为人的根本,亦是劳动教育之所以成为教育的前提.从马克思恩格斯将生产劳动上升到\"人类社会存在的第一个前提\",到毛泽东主张\"教育必须同生产劳动相结合\",再到习近平以高远的历史唯物主义视野对劳动本质进行深入探索,以坚定的信念树立劳动精神,以发展的眼光审视劳动教育,都充分展现了马克思主义劳动观的深刻内涵和马克思...     

游戏场域内的权力重构 ：游戏模组创作者的数字劳动实践

通过游戏模组创作劳动,游戏模组创作者能够在原生游戏的基础上造就次生游戏。而游戏模组创作者通过劳动生产出的游戏模组与次生游戏能够满足玩家对原生游戏的个性化想象,由此,游戏模组创作劳动能够折射玩家对原生游戏的态度。游戏厂商为了激活玩家的游玩活跃度,需要获取玩家的信息,因而需要利用游戏模组创作劳动。在这一基础上,游戏模组创作劳动成为连接游戏厂商与玩家的中介,游戏模组创作者成为“编外游戏开发者”。值得注意的是,模组创作者能够通过劳动生产出的游戏模组为自己累积一定的经济资源与社会资源,从而在游戏生态内掌握一定的话语权。这意味着,游戏模组创作劳动突破了原生游戏对玩家的规制,重构了游戏场域内的权力关系。     

列宁劳动教育思想的内涵和实践路径论析

科学的劳动观和劳动教育思想,是列宁思想体系中的重要组成部分。本研究对列宁劳动教育思想及其实践路径进行了分析和梳理。研究认为,列宁的劳动教育思想深刻揭示了劳动对人的成长的决定性作用,阐明了苏维埃政权下劳动教育的内容、方法和战略地位,并通过实践的大力推动,在全社会逐渐形成了劳动光荣的良好氛围,为培养一代共产主义青年提供了理论指导和实践指向。列宁劳动教育思想的当代启示体现在:首先,劳动教育是培养社会主义建设者和接班人的根本战略任务;其次,新时代大中小学劳动教育的关键在于理论和实践的高度统一;再次,劳动教育的内容和方法要与时俱进、勇于创新;最后,劳动教育要形成“学校、家庭、社会”三位一体的教育合力。     

工人阶级是当代科技革命的主体

科学技术是贯穿人类社会发展始终的根本性力量。它推动生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾运动,推动社会的发展。工人阶级是当代社会劳动者集体的杰出代表,不仅是当代社会变革的主体,也是当代科技革命的主体。     

关于事实劳动关系的研究

实践中存在着大量的事实劳动关系,而法律又未对事实劳动关系的概念、范围等问题作出明确界定.因此,有些事实劳动关系在审理实践中难以认定,为保护劳动者的正当权益,我们应当厘清关于事实劳动关系的一些基本问题,并继续完善与之相关的法律制度.     

马克思恩格斯“劳动”概念的逻辑理路与当代意义

劳动在马克思主义理论中占据着重要地位.斯密揭示了劳动是价值的源泉,但他仅仅视劳动为积累财富的手段,赞美能带来资本增殖的“生产性劳动”而贬低“非生产性劳动”;黑格尔继承了斯密的劳动观,并从哲学高度提出“劳动创造人”的全新命题,但他唯一承认的劳动只是抽象的精神劳动.马克思恩格斯扬弃了斯密和黑格尔的劳动概念,把劳动与人的本质...     

推进工会体制创新是中国劳动关系集体化转型的根本路径—— 与常凯教授和游正林教授商榷

劳动关系集体化转型是劳动关系结构和调整方式发展的必然趋势,但目前我国集体劳动关系尚未形成。我国劳动关系集体化转型不能依赖于工人自发的集体行动,劳动关系深层结构调整需要政府的合理干预。与市场经济国家先通过集体劳动关系立法、然后规范自发的工会组建与集体行动过程、逐步完善集体劳动关系调整机制的路径不同,我国劳动关系集体化转型只能在政府主导下通过\"顶层设计\",首先要完成体制内企业工会职能的变革,在此基础上构建集体劳动关系法律体系,从而推动形成集体劳动关系调整机制。     

马克思主义劳动观视域下劳动模范的生成逻辑——以全国劳动模范申纪兰为例

劳动模范是中国共产党践行马克思主义劳动观而培养的理想人格的代表,对社会发展发挥了不可替代的作用。从马克思主义劳动观视角审视以申纪兰为代表的劳动模范的生成过程,研究发现,劳动是贯穿始终的线索：劳动孕育了劳模,是申纪兰获得劳模身份的基础条件;劳动彰显了人的主体性,促进了劳模的成长,是申纪兰的劳模身份得以延伸与拓展的内在动力;劳动使人获得解放与自由全面的发展,是申纪兰发挥劳模作用的基本方式。纵观申纪兰的一生,以其为代表的劳动模范是个体与乡村、国家三方良性互动的结果,而三者又在这种互动关系中获得了各自的发展。因此,在新时代,尊重劳动、推崇模范,充分发挥劳动模范的榜样示范和精神引领作用,对个人与社会发展具有极为重要的意义。