关于我国网络犯罪刑事管辖权立法的思考

在确定网络犯罪刑事管辖权时,适用传统的刑事管辖权理论面临诸多困境。许多国家的立法以及《网络犯罪公约》都在尝试解决这一问题,而我国关于网络犯罪管辖权的立法明显滞后。为了惩治和打击网络犯罪,我国应根据可能、公正、方便及国际协调原则,分别确立网络犯罪的国内管辖权和国际管辖权。对网络犯罪的国内管辖,可适用刑法中的地域管辖理论,借鉴民事网络案件的管辖权规则,以网络犯罪的IP地址作为确定管辖权的依据。在网络犯罪的国际管辖权方面,建议确立以属地管辖为基础、以法益受到损害的关联性为补充的有限扩张原则;同时,应通过参加或缔结网络犯罪刑事管辖的多边或双边国际条约来解决网络犯罪刑事管辖权的冲突问题。     

对我国网络犯罪刑事管辖权的探讨

随着网络技术的日趋成熟、网络用户的激增，网络空间的影响力越来越大，网络犯罪成为犯罪的一种新的形式，面对日益严重的网络犯罪，笔者从网络犯罪的特性出发。分析网络犯罪对现有刑事管辖权的冲击，最后对网络犯罪刑事管辖权理论的架构提出几点设想。     

八国网络犯罪立法简析及对我国立法的启示

惩治计算机网络犯罪是世界各国面临的共同问题,本文简析了世界上八个国家有关网络犯罪的主要立法,对其在立法模式、罪名设置、保护范围、刑罚配置等方面的特点进行了总结。研究和借鉴这些特点将有助于完善我国计算机网络犯罪的刑事立法。     

新时期网络犯罪管辖权研究

发生在网络虚拟空间的网络犯罪对于传统刑事案件管辖权的冲击是巨大的,随着网络的进一步普及,网络犯罪必将呈上升趋势,势必造成更多的司法管辖冲突,解决这一问题已成当务之急.现阶段我国对于涉及网络犯罪管辖权的主流观点是,网络案件行为(上传、下载、操作计算机)在国内发生,或者,发生在网络的案件只要对于我国内可以产生影响,都可认为是犯罪行为,结果有一项发生在我国领域内,我国享有管辖权;网络服务提供者的网站所在地、下载地、操作计算机地、甚至是网页的浏览地等均可以作为犯罪地.针对网络犯罪管辖权难以确定问题,学界提出了:新主权理论、管辖权相对论、最低限度联系原则、网址管辖论、属地管辖权的扩大原则等.通过分析网络犯罪管辖权的概念特征、吸收学界成熟观点,笔者认为,以扩大传统刑事管辖权的属地管辖权原则为基础,"便利"原则为补充,在处理国际刑事案件管辖权冲突问题时还应把握相关禁止性原则,同时加强国际司法协助,能够解决现阶段网络刑事案件管辖权难以确定的问题.据此提出我国网络犯罪管辖权制度的初步设计,以期对于以后的预防与打击网络犯罪有所帮助.     

论网络犯罪及其防治

在网络走进千家万户的信息时代,犯罪分子利用网络技术开发了新型的犯罪方式。网络犯罪侵害的领域愈来愈多,危害性极大。这种犯罪已经成为刑法所打击的一种典型犯罪。因此,对于网络犯罪进行研究是很有必要的。本文对网络犯罪的概念、特征以及它与计算机犯罪联系都进行了说明,分析了各国网络犯罪的现状,并且就网络犯罪的应对做了简单探讨。     

八国网络犯罪立法简析及对我立法的启示

惩治计算机网络犯罪是世界各国面临的共同问题,本文简析了世界上八个国家有关网络犯罪的主要立法,对其在立法模式、罪名设置、保护范围、刑罚配置等方面的特点进行了总结.研究和借鉴这些特点将有助于完善我国计算机网络犯罪的刑事立法.     

网络犯罪之刑事立法与司法新探——以价值平衡为中心

现行刑法在规制网络犯罪时举步维艰,常陷于过与不及两种尴尬境地,其根源在于立法背后的价值选择失衡。只有找到网络秩序、网络自由与网络本身利益的最佳结合点,诸如网络犯罪刑事管辖权的确立、网络服务商不作为犯罪刑事责任的承担、网络犯罪主体的划定、网络工具犯及对象犯的刑法适用等难题才能迎刃而解。     

网络犯罪的刑事管辖权问题

网络犯罪的出现让传统的刑事管辖权遭受巨大的冲击。本文以传统的刑事管辖权为基础,提出了架构适用网络犯罪的刑事管辖权原则和规则。     

论我国贿赂犯罪体系的重构——以《联合国反腐败公约》为中心

贿赂犯罪体系是否协调、完善和科学,事关惩治和预防腐败犯罪的成败得失。我国已经正式成为《联合国反腐败公约》的缔约国,对照该《公约》的规定,我国的贿赂犯罪体系存在一定的不足。因此,在坚持科学性、系统性和可行性相统一的前提下,重构我国的贿赂犯罪体系,完善贿赂犯罪的相关规定,就显得现实和迫切。     

论网络犯罪刑事管辖权

现今网络犯罪刑事管辖权的问题主要存在于确定和行使方面,这些问题的存在是网络的开放性、高速发展性和高技术性使然。解决网络犯罪刑事管辖权问题的思路是结合多国立法实践,提出解决问题的总体路径,然后根据总体路径,具体解决不同连结点下的管辖权问题。     

打击网络犯罪国际规则的博弈与中国方案

现有的打击网络犯罪国际规范包括公约、协定(指令)和示范法三大类,其中公约类规范是网络犯罪国际规则博弈的焦点。欧洲委员会《布达佩斯公约》和俄罗斯提出的《联合国打击网络犯罪合作公约(草案)》虽然各有特点,但是均存在一定不足,难以成为中国参与网络犯罪国际规则制定的理想法律范本。联合国大会第74/247号决议的通过为网络犯罪规则制定提供了新的发展方向,制定全球性网络犯罪国际公约的中国方案应当以联合国为基础平台,尤其是注重发挥新设立的政府间专家委员会的作用,并将坚持主权原则、体现发展中国家的诉求、推动不同国家打击网络犯罪的协作作为核心主张。具体层面,应以倡导网络空间命运共同体、充分体现中国的经验做法、充分体现网络犯罪治理的时代性与前瞻性为指导理念,同时分总则、定罪、执法程序、国际合作、网络犯罪预防和最后条款等部分进行设计。     

国际生态环境问题及其对我国环境立法的启示

当今一系列的生态环境问题 ,包括生物多样性锐减、森林面积减少、土地资源状况恶化、水环境恶化、气候变暖等已日趋国际化 ,严重危及到整个人类的生存。这些问题往往是在各国国内进行的国际法未加禁止行为造成的。在这样的情况下 ,本文指出了当今我国生态环境保护立法方面的缺陷 ,其中涉及到管理体制、立法意识、现行法律本身等问题。面对这些问题 ,文章指出我国生态环境立法要加快与国际接轨 ,树立风险防范原则的立法理念等一系列措施 ,以达到可持续发展的目的。     

The Cybercrime Convention Committee's 2017 Guidance Note on Production Orders: Unilateralist transborder access to electronic evidence promoted via soft law

This article provides a critical analysis of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention Committee's Guidance Note of Production Orders, published on 1 March 2017. The article looks at the legal controversies surrounding production orders with a cross-border element. It explains the Guidance Note's background and origins, the basic provisions in the Cybercrime Convention allowing the law enforcement authorities to order and obtain certain information and discusses the requirements that follow from the relevant provisions of the Convention. This analysis is complemented by four critical remarks on the way the Guidance Note pushes the boundaries of acceptable treaty interpretation on the necessity of the Guidance Note, its position in regard to extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction and sovereignty, its reticence towards fundamental rights and its refusal to define or clarify the important notion of “subscriber information”. The article argues that unilateralism is not a solution. Instead of soft law plumbing, what is needed is an agreement between sovereign states checked by their constituencies.     

Digital Realism and the Governance of Spam as Cybercrime

Spamming is a major threat to the formation of public trust in the Internet and discourages broader civil participation in the emerging information society. To the individual, spams are usually little more than a nuisance, but collectively they expose Internet users to a panoply of new risks while threatening the communications and commercial infrastructure. Spamming also raises important questions of criminological interest. On the one hand it is an example of a pure cybercrime – a harmful behaviour mediated by the Internet that is the subject of criminal law, while on the other hand, it is a behaviour that has in practice been most effectively contained technologically by the manipulation of ‘code’ – but at what cost? Because there is not an agreed meaning as to what constitutes ‘online order’ that renders it simply and uncritically reducible to a set of formulae and algorithms that can be subsequently imposed (surreptitiously) by technological processes. The imposition of order online, as it is offline, needs to be subject to critical discussion and also checks and balances that have their origins in the authority of law. This article deconstructs and analyses spamming behaviour, before exploring the boundaries between law and code (technology) as governance in order to inform and stimulate the debate over the embedding of cybercrime prevention policy within the code itself.     

《联合国反腐败公约》第32条对我国的启示

腐败问题严重威胁着社会的稳定与和谐发展.如何完善和落实证人保护制度,直接关系到能否有效打击腐败犯罪.第五十八届联合国大会通过了《联合国反腐败公约》,中国已于2005年批准并签署了该公约,其中,《公约》第32条专门规定了保护证人、鉴定人等内容,这有利于保护证人免受侵害,确保证人积极指控腐败犯罪,因而如何正确理解和有效落实《公约》有关规定,具有重要而紧迫的意义.     

中德环境立法差异及对我国的启示

环境立法是衡量一个国家法制建设和环境管理水平的重要标志.首先介绍中、德两国环境立法的发展历程,然后通过比较中德两国在环境立法目的、原则、侵权损害赔偿和法律体系方面的特点和差异,借鉴德国环境保护立法成功经验,对完善我国环保立法提出四点建议.     

Legal jurisdiction over malware-related crimes: From theories of jurisdiction to solid practical application

As far as malware-related crimes are concerned, extra territorial jurisdiction and the law of extradition need one another to work perfectly, but there has never been a standard universal rule governing them. While Universality Principle can be argued to be the most ideal solution to the problem, it is opposed by the supporters of the notion of self-regulation of the internet, not to mention it lacks the required universal support. Thus the determination of the issues has to be based on the analysis of existing measures of practical applications.     

Cybercrime Tendencies and Legislation in the Republic of Macedonia

The advancement of information and communication technologies opens new venues and ways for cybercriminals to commit crime. There are several different types of cybercrime offences that need to be treated in a separate and different manner. The major international source that provides guidelines for treatment of cybercrime is the Convention on Cybercrime adopted by the Council of Europe and the European Commission Action Plan. The purpose of the paper is to present, discuss and analyze the Macedonian legislation treating cybercrime, with respect to the specific cases typically encountered in practice and the international guidelines concerning cybercrime. The major source of cybercrime legislation in Macedonia is the Criminal Code with provisions thereof in ten of its articles; it addresses cybercrimes such as personal data abuse, copyright and piracy issues, production and distribution of child pornography, computer viruses, intrusions into computer systems, computer fraud and computer forgery. We also present and analyze reports on cybercrime complaints and victims from Macedonia, issued by the Internet Crime Complaint Center and the Macedonian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The reports reveal the unusually high number of complaints for perpetrators and victims originating from Macedonia. Furthermore, we highlight several recent cybercrime cases reported in Macedonia. All things considered, the Macedonian penal legislation is modern and it follows the current European and world standards. It provides guidelines for successful resolution of cybercrime committed in the Republic of Macedonia. However, it could be improved by a more active inclusion of Macedonian authorities in the global response to cybercrime and by stronger enforcement of cybercrime prevention measures and strategies.     

知识产权与网络犯罪立法完善需认真研究的几个问题

随着我国经济的发展和科学技术的进步,尤其是加入世贸组织以后,知识产权保护问题的重要性和迫切性愈来愈被社会所认识,对侵犯知识产权行为的法律完善和执法不仅引起全社会关注,甚至成为我国与一些国家双边关系中的焦点问题之一,引起了国家的高度重视。随着计算机网络的广泛普及和应用,网络领域也出现了一些危害社会的新情况。一些知识产权行政执法部门和司法机关针对实践中遇     

民事地域管辖:理念的转换与制度的完善

现行<民事诉讼法>中的地域管辖制度是以法院为中心设置的,已经不适应民事纠纷解决的现实需要.随着民事诉讼体制的转型,地域管辖制度也应进行调整,即按照以当事人为中心的理念,完善专属管辖制度和任意管辖制度.