Socialism and tradition: The formation and development of modern Chinese political culture

This paper analyzes the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and the official ideologies. The author argues that the “New Culture” Movement was a movement of ideological displacement. The acceptance of Marxism‐Leninism by China's new intellectuals was closely related to the structure of the traditional culture. The foundation of both Mao Zedong Thought and the Three Principles of the People is a combination of the deep structure of the traditional culture and reactive values. This is why the structure of contemporary Chinese political culture and the Confucian tradition are similar but not identical.     

情遍五洲

60年来,中央民族歌舞团的足迹遍布世界各地．把绚丽多彩的民族歌舞艺术奉献给各国人民．受到各国观众的高度赞扬和普遍喜爱,为促进中外文化交流,弘扬中国少数民族文化艺术作出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

Chinese Strategic Culture and the Use of Force: moral and political perspectives

This article reviews and explains Chinese attitudes towards the use of force in international affairs, especially from the perspective of strategic culture. The author traces back the traditional values which originated from ancient Chinese thoughts and also researches Mao Zedong's perception of war, which symbolizes the contemporary Chinese military strategic theory, and Deng Xiaoping and Hu Jintao's discourse on war thereafter, which represents the beliefs of the Chinese government after adopting the opening-up and reform policy. The case studies of the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the two Iraq Wars further explore the principles which dominate the diplomatic decision-making processes. The article concludes that China, in the predictable future, will still firmly adhere to the principles of state sovereignty, non-interference and non-use of force principles, while at the same time China will not hesitate to participate in the multilateral operations which are ratified with UN Security Council authorization and contribute increasingly to improving humanitarian situations due to its moral and political understanding of the use of force in international relations.=     

China's Space Program: the great leap upward

Since China's great leap into space in late 2003 with their first taikonaut reaching orbit and safely returning to Earth, much attention has been given to the question regarding the future of China's space program. Concerns abound about the Chinese military's role in the space program but hope remains that China's space program will follow a path to a peaceful multilateral exploration of outer space. This paper looks at a possible future for the Chinese space program, one in which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) retains tight control over the direction of the program.     

The US Global Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era and Its Implications for China‐United States Relations: A Chinese perspective

At the early stage of the post-Cold War era, Chinese scholars put more attention into the study of US international standing than to the study of US global strategy. Around the middle of the 1990s, it became obvious for Chinese scholars that the power structure in the post-Cold War era was 'yi-chao-duo-qiang' (one super-power and several big powers). People realized that the leading position of the US would be unshakable and its comprehensive national power would be unparalleled by any single country in the foreseeable future. Since then, Chinese scholars have paid more attention to the study of US global strategy. Chinese scholars tend to agree that the Bush Administration's strategy was a transitional one, and that the US global strategy in the post-Cold War era came into being in the middle of President Clinton's first term. It is symbolized by the appearance of so-called 'engagement and enlargement strategy'. At the very beginning of his Administration (January 1993), President Clinton set forth that 'economy, security and democracy' would be the three pillars of US foreign policy. This greatly changed the traditional 'security first' strategy. The new strategy reflects some new features in the international and domestic contexts of the post-Cold War era. It has very important influences on Sino‐US relations.     

发掘传统文化"和谐"基因构建社会主义和谐社会

中华民族传统文化内含丰富的"和谐"基因.中国传统思维方式具有"整体和谐"性重要特征;中国哲学的根本范畴"和谐"思想集中体现为"天人合一"的宇宙观和"中庸之道"最高价值原则;中华民族传统文化的"和谐"精神充盈于传统伦理道德领域.社会主义和谐社会具有深厚的中国传统文化底蕴,中国历史与传统文化中的和谐思想,为我们构建社会主义和谐社会提供了宽厚的历史文化背景和丰富的思想文化资源.     

Party Recruitment of College Students in China

Recruitment of young intellectuals such as college students has been an important part of the Chinese Communist Party's recruitment strategies for most of its history. Two of the college students that the Party recruited in the 1940s and 1960s went on to become the Party's top leaders in the 1990s and 2000s, and today's student Party members may well lead Chinese politics at various levels in future decades. This paper examines Party recruitment of college students in the reform era and highlights the impact of 1989. Since the 1990s the Party has stepped up its efforts at recruitment and ideological work on college students. Paradoxically the former is succeeding while the latter seems barely effective. Today's college students are striving to join the Party in large numbers, yet primarily out of a personal pragmatic concern for their future job searches and career advancement. Even student Party members do not have a strong commitment to the Party's sanctioned ideology.     

Discussion of 'The Rise of China in Chinese Eyes'

In a response to Yan Xuetong's paper, 'The Rise of China in Chinese Eyes', Ted Osius (writing in August 1999) discusses Dr Yan's perspective on Chinese history and the question of whether China's rise will be peaceful. Mr Osius argues that, while we cannot know for certain what China's future holds, the Clinton‐Gore Administration has been clear in its goal of integrating China into the leadership ranks of the world community.     

谈传统文化与高校党的思想建设

高校党的思想建设是高校党的建设的重要内容,对高校各项工作的开展具有重要的理论导向作用,是中国人民思想领域的巨大财富。具有深厚历史积淀的中国传统文化是一项宝贵的文化遗产,实现中国传统文化与高校党的思想建设的整合,会对高校党的建设及其他工作的发展发挥巨大的功效。文章主要对传统文化对高校党的思想建设的重要性及高校党的思想建设要继承和发扬优秀传统文化而警惕不良传统文化的影响等内容作了论述。     

Searching for a New Cultural Identity: China's soft power and media culture today

The paper argues that China's global expansion and calls for its use of soft power are provoking an ideological crisis which is becoming one of the most critical challenges of the present time. Revolutionary ideology legitimated the rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) for 60 years, but it has become increasingly at odds with the rapid socio-economic development that began 30 years ago. This paper examines four aspects of contemporary Chinese culture: first the discrepancy between the CCP's ideological rhetoric and its pragmatic policies; second, the fragmentation of the state, the intellectual elite, and the grassroots population in terms of cultural expressions and values; third, the consumer culture which has unleashed materialistic desires; and finally, the emergence of a ‘post-80s’ generation urban youth culture amidst these tension and contradictions.     

中国传统家族文化对青少年成长的影响

家族文化作为中国传统文化的一部分,以其博大精深一定的范围内得到了广泛的认可,其深刻的内涵也涉及到了哲学、政治、文化、历史、教育和经济的各个领域.在中国,“家族”是人类血缘关系的自然聚合,凝聚起一个“同姓人”的组织群体.传统家族传统中的家规伦理精神,所涉及的不仅是家族内部的人际关系,还有相对应的社会关系.中国传统的家族文化在社会发展中有其独特的魅力所在,并对当代青少年的价值观、道德伦理具有一定的教育意义.家族文化能让青少年认同积极向上的价值理念,它所强调的“忠孝”文化观念、强调人生的社会贡献和价值,对于增强民族国家的凝聚力,引导青少年形成正确的价值观,发挥着重要的作用.     

Being Uniquely Universal: building Chinese international relations theory

In this paper I address the question of how Chinese scholars participate in scientific knowledge production by appropriating Western IR theories, primarily by examining interactions between North American theories that claim universality and China-specific IR efforts. Drawing on post-Mao era publications and books, I discuss how increasingly independent Chinese IR scholars are portraying their country's rising status in international politics and identifying China's national interests, while still emphasizing socialist concepts such as anti-hegemonism. The result is a form of Chinese IR scholarship that combines Western IR language with a worldview that emphasizes a modern China within the context of traditional socialist foreign policy norms. I will argue that Chinese scholarly discussions about IR theory building reflect efforts to present ‘their rising China’ (as individually perceived) in the study, research, and development of IR theory in response to the appearance of modern IR methods that require new definitions and new roles for old socialist forms. In this context, identity concerns are more important than the actual theories being established or appropriated.     

社会主义荣辱观对中国传统文化的现代转换

社会主义荣辱观之所以具有深厚的文化底蕴,就在于与“中国实际”之一的中国传统文化有着千丝万缕的联系。这种千丝万缕的联系不仅仅体现在对中国传统文化精髓的继承上,更重要地体现在从思维方式、主要内涵、功能导向上实现了对中国传统文化的现代转换。     

协商民主是中华民族传统文化的延续

当代中国社会主义协商民主是我国社会主义协商民主制度文化传承与实践的不断延续。其发生和发展,从历史上就有着深厚的传统文化底蕴。我国人民民主协商的重要形式所体现出来的哲学智慧与思维方式,来源于中华民族悠久的传统文化和中国共产党领导下的新民主主义革命以来的历史实践延续。可以说,我国社会主义协商民主制度植根于中华优秀文化传统,并孕育和初步形成了中国革命历史进程中的新民主主义文化,在当代社会主义先进文化的培育和推动下更加完善。     

Chinese Employee Class: an analysis using a three-dichotomy segmentation approach

As the ‘World's Factory’, China now has the biggest worker/employee class in the world. Though this newly emerging social group has captured much attention, relatively few scholars have paid attention to such sociological questions as raised by this paper: rather than referring to such a huge group of almost 500 million people simply as ‘Chinese workers’ or ‘Chinese employees’, can this social class be stratified and in what way? What is the current situation of the employee class in China's contemporary industrial relations? This paper attempts to concisely answer the above questions by proposing a three dichotomy segmentation approach and a review of the existing literature on the matter, providing a broader picture to the readers with regards to the current situations of different employee groups in the context of China's unprecedented transitional economy.     

全球化进程中我国文化安全面临的挑战及应对策略

随着全球化进程的发展,以文化安全问题为重心的非传统的安全观念日益凸显。一个国家的发展壮大不仅仅单纯依靠政治、经济等一些传统的安全因素,文化等相关的非传统因素的发展也至关重要。认清目前条件下中国面临的文化安全问题,并据此制定相应的国家文化安全战略,将是今后相当长的一个时期内,中国对外发展政策和国家文化发展战略的重要内容。     

As a Hundred Television Formats Bloom,a Thousand Television Stations Contend

This paper looks at the growing trend towards television format adaptation as an industry development strategy in China. As China's television industry professionals imagine a commercial future, this vision is tempered by the reality of a deficit of quality content. Program schedules exhibit limited variety and are dominated by cheap variety show formats, royal court television dramas, game shows, and news. In search of new ways to stimulate audiences, producers have looked outside China to formats successful in Taiwan, SAR Hong Kong, Japan, Europe and the US. The localization of foreign programs represents a more useful experiment for China's domestic industry than the importation of finished programs. Unlike finished programs the format can be 'filled' with culturally specific content, and where licensed co-productions ensue there is the potential for added value in terms of technology transfer. I argue, however, that the strategy of format adaptation is a short-term solution to program development that is unlikely to stimulate a creative media-based economy.     

China's Unbalanced Economic Growth

This paper summarizes empirical findings and results from the author's most recent research publication in Chinese: China's Unbalanced Economic Growth. It studies China's economic growth with a special emphasis on its regional disparities. It provides an analysis of China's overall economic landscape as well as an empirical study of China's unbalanced regional development. Based on its quantitative findings and results, the author predicts the emergence of ten Chinese metropolitan economies in the early twenty-first century and recommends a regional development strategy as well as implementation policies for China's future development. The major empirical findings, results and conclusions of this research are outlined in three sections: the first describes China's economic future—the emergence of ten regional metropolitan economies, the second reports the empirical findings of China's national and regional economic disparities and discusses policy implications, and the third investigates China's future economic growth and discusses its growth limitations.     

Married Women's Rights to Land in China's Traditional Farming Areas

Women's land rights are one of the major issues of the rural land contract in contemporary China. Married women in relatively developed rural areas and under marriage misfortune have elicited much academic and public attention. However, less attention has been devoted to studying married women in traditional farming areas where they are still relatively poor. This paper focuses on women's land rights in their maiden village in traditional farming areas, and shows, based on an analysis of a case study combined with a questionnaire survey, that married women's land rights tend to be retained in their parent village with the implementation of new policy and land contract laws, but that they have almost no rights in their maiden families after marriage, due to the influence of traditional marriage notions and customs. Given the situation of the political and legal framework, it is necessary to further probe, by reviewing past practice and experience, how to ensure women's rights through restricted and specific land readjustment, which may be a realistic and valid approach.     

传统司法文化对现代法治的冲击及反思——以司法改革为视角

我国传统的司法文化结合了儒家、法家、道家等各派的法律思想,在历史的传承中形成了自身的特点。某种程度上,我国现代法治进程也是对我国传统司法文化批判地继承的过程。我们应深刻认识到,传统司法文化中有着众多阻碍法治进程的内容,对传统司法文化去其糟粕,取其精华,无疑是当前我国司法改革的题中之义。