对《行政许可法》第8条的批判性思考——以九江市丽景湾项目纠纷案为素材

以流行于英国、欧共体的合法预期为参照,<行政许可法>第8条的设计可以说有得有失.有得之处在于对实质性保护的规定,充分体现了中国式的保护路径更加务实、客观.有失之处在于程序性保护杳无踪迹、补偿性保护失之抽象.     

教义刑法学的价值:一种批判性法律思维

教义刑法学是德国刑法学界的一个重要的刑法概念,从字面含义上来讲,刑法应当被当做一种信仰予以遵守。但是,法律是人制定的,存在人思维上的局限性。强制性、权威性并不是法律应当被信仰的理由。教义刑法学应当是理解刑法原则与规则的一种批判性的思维理念,其信仰的并不是制定法本身,而应当是一种解释法律、适用法律的理性的方法。通过对教义刑法学价值的分析,有利于对教义刑法学进行更加深入地认识,将信仰法律规则转向质疑并信仰法律规则。     

Critical Autopoiesis and the Materiality of Law

Autopoietic theory is increasingly seen as a candidate for a radical theory of law, both in relation to its theoretical credentials and its relevance in terms of new and emerging forms of law. An aspect of the theory that has remained less developed, however, is its material side, and more concretely the theory’s accommodation of bodies, space, objects and their claim to legal agency. The present article reads Luhmann’s theory of autopoietic systems in a radical and material manner, linking it on the one hand to current post-structural theorisations of law and society, and on the other hand extending its ambit to accommodate the influx of material considerations that have been working their way through various other disciplines. The latter comprises both a materialisation of the theory itself and ways of conceptualising the legal system as material through and through. This I do by further developing what I have called Critical Autopoiesis, namely an acentric, topological, post-ecological and posthuman understanding of Luhmann’s theory, that draws on Deleuzian thought, feminist theory, geography, non-representational theory, and new material and object-oriented ontologies. These are combined with some well-rehearsed autopoietic concepts, such as distinction, environment and boundaries; Luhmann’s earlier work on materiality continuum; more recent work on bodies and space; as well as his work on form and medium in relation to art. The article concludes with five suggestions for an understanding of what critical autopoietic materiality might mean for law.     

国际法与国内法关系的法理思考

关于国际法和国内法的关系问题,理论上出现过多种学说。基本学说有二元论、国内法优于国际法的一元论、国际法优于国内法的一元论、协调论;国内主要有相互联系论、法律规范协调论、利益协调论等。国际法和国内法是有着本质区别但是联系又十分密切的两个法律体系;二者在各自利益的推动下协调发展;在当今全球化趋势下,有趋同化的走势。     

Law and Rhetoric: Critical Possibilities

What contribution can rhetoric make to socio‐legal studies? Though now a byword for deception and spin, rhetoric was long identified with the very substance of law and politics. Latterly radical scholars have foregrounded an understanding of law as rhetoric in their polemics against legal formalism, but it needs to be complemented by a critical perspective which goes beyond simple revivalism, taking account of rhetoric's own blind spots, inquiring into the means by which some speakers and listeners are privileged and others excluded or silenced. The critical potential of legal rhetoric is tested here through a review of the developing law on mental capacity and the best interests of people with disabilities in England and Wales. Much of what is at stake there is properly grasped in terms of a politics of speech: who is addressed, who can speak, who must speak, and how are they represented in judicial and media discourse.     

民间法研究与批判精神

民间法研究反映了中国学术的进步,也反映了对法律发展动力的一种新认识。上世纪80年代民间法在国家—社会框架、地方性知识理论和法律多元理论支配下进行的研究,以及新世纪10年来就纠纷解决功能的探讨等,无不反映了民间法研究通过对移植式立法在实施过程中碰到的窘境的剖析,以批判性意识确立起自身独特的反思和批判精神。民间法研究的深入发展必须要回到民间法研究的既有立场上。     

法治思维探析

党中央和习近平总书记连续发出关于法治思维的倡导,把改革开放以来法制(治)建设成就在精神层面上予以升华,是治国理政的人治思维向法治思维转换的重大历史性标志。解析自然(理性)主义、分析实证主义、社会实证主义等几个现代主流法治思维模式,及总结中国社会实践的经验,对于深入全面理解和把握法治思维不可或缺。法治思维的结构,包括法治认知的前提要素、恪守现行法律的核心要素、定位民间规范的补充要素。法治方式是法治思维见诸法律实践的媒介与途径,它以是否需要和可能借助法律手段解决特定事件或案件为前提。法治方式运用中应严格贯彻实体法律和遵循正当程序,并尊重道德及民间规范,以实现社会公平正义。法治思维需要采取科学的方法,主要是:其一为辩证法,从发展、联系、矛盾、全面的视角进行法律考量;其二为形式逻辑方法,符合排他性的法律理由、必然性的法律三段论、融贯性的系列法律决断的要求。法治思维是两种方法紧密结合的整体思维。     

Magical Thinking in Trademark Law

People in all societies have a tendency toward magical thinking. This human inclination is extensively exploited by modern advertising, which routinely suggests that consuming goods will make us successful, happy, and fulfilled. In this article, I suggest that such advertising creates a system of beliefs resembling a totemic religion. In this religion, brands perform the role of sacred objects. Trademark law initially aims at preventing consumer confusion. Yet, today, famous trademarks are extensively protected against nonconfusing associations. I argue in this article that this broad protection is based on magical thinking. Pointing out the parallels between the laws of magic and trademark doctrines, such as the doctrine of dilution, I suggest that famous marks are legally treated as magical, sacred objects. This legal approach amounts to endorsing the commercial religion of brands.     

国际商法与国际经济法关系的法理学思考

大陆法系和英美法系之间存在着两种不同的法律部门划分的思维进路。按照大陆法系的法律部门划分进路所理解和界定的国际商法是“国际性的商法”,国际经济法是“国际性的经济法”。按照美国式法律部门划分进路,国际商法是指“国际商务中的法”,国际经济法是指“国际经济交往中的法”。在我国,尽管国内法部门划分采用的是大陆法系的思维进路,但在国际法层面上,尤其是在国际经济法领域,却较多受到了美国的影响。     

Law and Morality: A Critical Relation*

Abstract. The article deals with the difference between some forms of legal positivism. It is argued that, even in continental legal systems which are typically “rule bound,” there is some space left for principles in the legal system. The author tries to explain how this space can be filled and what methods should be used by a judge to do so.     

“犯罪记录”和“前科”混淆性认识的批判性思考

刑法学界对于“前科”和“犯罪记录”有着普遍的混淆性认识，导致相关研究存在严重的方向性偏差，研究视角的多重错位更是导致了研究结论的非科学性。科学界分“前科”与“犯罪记录”是前科消灭制度研究的理论前提。“犯罪记录”是对犯罪事实及其刑事判决的纯粹客观记载，“前科”则是对犯罪记录的一种规范性评价，“犯罪记录”和“前科”之间是评价对象与评价结论的关系。真正影响犯罪人回归社会的，不是“前科”和“犯罪记录”，而是社会公众自发的非规范性评价，“标签效应”等均是此种非规范性评价的结果。     

产品质量法律制度的生态化思考

产品质量法律制度的生态化是一个值得研究的问题.人际同构理论是其法哲学依据,经济法的生态化是其部门法依据;而环境日益恶化、绿色贸易壁垒是其现实依据.具体来说,要完善产品的"绿色"质量标准,包括绿色技术标准、绿色环境标志、绿色卫生检验制度等.产品的包装也要符合生态化要求,同时要扩大生产者的责任.对不同的产品制定相应的环保标准.     

Thinking Sexual Difference Through the Law of Rape

2013 marks 10 years since the Sexual Offences Act 2003 was passed. That Act made significant changes to the law of rape which appear now to have made very little difference to reporting, prosecution or conviction rates. This article argues that the Act has failed against its own measures because it remains enmeshed within a conceptual framework of sexual indifference in which woman continues to be constructed as man’s (defective) other. This construction both constricts the frame in which women’s sexuality can be thought and distorts the harm of rape for women. It also continues woman’s historic alienation from her own nature and denies her entitlement to a becoming in line with her own sexuate identity. Using Luce Irigaray’s critical and constructive frameworks, the article seeks to imagine how law might ‘cognise’ sexual difference and thus take the preliminary steps to a juridical environment in which women can more adequately understand and articulate the harm of rape.     

论邓小平的劳动法制思想

邓小平劳动法制思想是其法制思想的重要组成部分。虽然邓小平不是劳动法专家,但他对劳动法制问题的认识和看法还是比较深刻而系统的。邓小平的劳动法制思想主要体现在他的劳动法制基础理论、劳动条件基准、劳动关系协调和劳动保障运行的系列思想之中。     

法与道德关系模式的历史反思

西方学者在法与道德关系的争论中提出了许多模式 ,著名的有康德模式、富勒模式、哈特模式等。这些模式虽然在某种程度上能揭示法与道德的关系 ,但都不够理想。法和道德都有观念、规范或制度、秩序三个层次 ,二者的观念层次是相通的和深藏于现在一般所说的价值观念之中。另外 ,在秩序层次二者也是很难区分的 ,因为它都落实在人的行为中 ,而一个行为 ,如果符合秩序的要求或构成社会秩序的话 ,可能同时具有法律意义和道德意义。这样 ,法与道德的区别主要存在于规范或制度层次。     

关于开展法哲学研究的几个重要问题

文章阐述了法哲学研究的意义,概述了近20年来我国在该领域的主要成果和不足,提出了为构建中国当代法哲学有可供选择的三种研究方式,论述了并应处理好诸如指导思想与理论内容、传统与现实、国际化与本土化等的关系。     

论公司法改革中商法思维的引入和运用

当前,在以法治思维和法治方式推动改革的背景下,商法思维得到理论和实务界的极大重视。我国于2013年12月28日完成的公司法改革,仅仅对公司资本缴纳制度进行了宽缓化处理,不具有结构性的突破。公司法再次修改的呼声渐隆。未来公司法改革,该如何引入和运用商法思维,目前尚缺乏深入系统的研究。以公司担保规范适用在理论和实践中存在的争点为视角切入,对商法思维的意义、内容体系及关键点等问题进行释疑和厘清,在此基础上就公司法改革中引入商法思维的功效及具体运用问题进行系统的阐释和论述,并对公司法改革引入和运用商法思维的留意点予以探讨,有重要价值。     

社会、国家与法——从法的视角思考国家回归社会问题

社会与国家在经历了曲折的合一与分离的往返运动之后 ,国家最终要溶于社会之中而实现向社会的回归。本文讨论了在具有长期专制主义传统的中国 ,法在促进国家不断回归社会中的作用 ,指出法是国家回归社会的桥梁 ,法必须也能够成为制约国家、特别是政府 (行政 )权力的重要力量。通过对权力的制约 ,使国家权力逐渐向社会回归 ,最终实现国家溶于社会的伟大目标。