社会转型期犯罪成因探析

中国社会处在向支主义现代化转型的加速期，这期间，市场经济会蓬勃发展，但也应该看到犯罪率也有所增长，对犯罪的成因进行研究和探析，才能有效地预防和打击犯罪。     

犯罪心理痕迹

犯罪心理痕迹,是指犯罪行为作用于犯罪现场空间而引起的一切能揭示犯罪心理的现象和状态。这些现象和状态包括犯罪所侵犯的客体,侵犯客体的准确性、特殊性;现场变化情况,现场变化特点;被害人的创伤程度、创伤特点;现场痕迹物品,痕迹与痕迹、物品与物品、痕迹与物品之间的关系;作案时间、空间的选择;作案的知识、经验、技术特征;作案的工具、手段、方式等一切与犯罪行为活动有关的能反映犯罪人心理活动和个性特点的因素。犯罪心理痕迹它以一种抽象的、潜在的形式存在于物质痕迹、意识痕迹及各种现象、态势、关系之中。     

女性犯罪心理浅析

提及女性,给人的第一印象是善良、温柔、贤淑,然而古往今来都不乏“坠落天使变恶魔”的故事。在现代社会,女性已不仅仅停留在传统的“妻子”“母亲”“女儿”的角色,她们正逐步走出家庭,走向社会。然而,女性在取得成就和地位的同时也出现了违法犯罪日趋增多的问题。也许是无知让她们误入歧途,也许是物欲让她们坠入深渊,也许是畸爱让她们迷失方向,每一起女性犯罪都是内外因共同作用的结果,背后都有她们特殊的心理过程。本文在近年来女性刑事案件办理的基础上．着重研究女性犯罪特点及犯罪心理．希望能为预防女性犯罪提供思路。     

犯罪成本与重新犯罪心理

文章通过对犯罪直接成本、机会成本、风险成本与重新犯罪心理的形成过程进行实证性研究得出，在三类犯罪成本中，犯罪风险成本对重新犯罪人的心理和行为的影响最大。风险本身的存在就说明犯罪不可能被完全消灭，政府在制定相关的刑事政策时应充分考虑成本收益原则，提高犯罪风险成本，将犯罪控制在一种有限的范围和数量以内，这也是政府在打击和预防犯罪方面较为合理的政策目标。     

犯罪心理控制论

犯罪心理控制论的立论基础分别是犯罪心理学中的犯罪心理决定论，犯罪心理形成论，犯罪行为发生论，犯罪心理转化、矫治论，犯罪心理预测、预防论。根据犯罪心理产生发展转化的过程和机制，犯罪心理控制可以分为犯罪心理的早期控制、中期控制和后期控制。     

农民工犯罪心理问题研究

农民工是城市中的特殊群体,他们在城市发展中扮演着非常重要的角色,但由于受制度歧视,社会保障机制不完善,导致出现农民工犯罪问题。本文从构建和谐社会的角度思考,通过对农民工犯罪心理的分析,剖析引发农民工犯罪的主要原因,借用文化冲突理论,从社会、政府等角度来思考预防农民工犯罪的对策,以维护社会稳定,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

犯罪心理中的忠恕

在犯罪心理中,可将忠恕定义为感知别人痛苦的能力,忠恕源于个体的同类潜意识.可以用情境投射测验测量忠恕程度.忠恕的变化贯穿于犯罪心理发展始终,犯罪心理发展越饱满,忠恕越小,反之亦然.因此可以通过测量忠恕程度来预防潜在犯罪人或者判断罪犯被改造的效果,可以通过培养忠恕来改造罪犯.     

转型期经济犯罪形势及其刑事政策探析

随着中国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和不断完善,中国取得了飞速的发展,与此同时,受社会转型期的影响,比如经济管理不完善、经济生活中的某些方面存在无序现象、市场经济负效应等,导致经济犯罪现象频发,影响了我国的发展,给社会造成了严重的危害。本文先分析了转型期经济犯罪形势,然后探讨了转型期经济犯罪刑事政策上的存在的不足,最后提出了转型期经济犯罪加强形势政策的措施。     

转型期城市农民工的犯罪问题探析

农民工是转型期中国城市社会的一个特殊群体。由于经济、社会和管理等方面的原因,他们成了当前城市社会各种犯罪活动的重要一支。伴随着民工潮的涌现,日趋上升的民工犯罪也引起了社会的广泛关注。本文试拟通过对民工犯罪的分析,就此类犯罪的防范提出对策。     

社会转型时期犯罪人的犯罪目的研究

犯罪目的是犯罪人实施犯罪行为的原动力,犯罪人主观上对犯罪结果的企盼促使犯罪人实施犯罪行为。由于犯罪人的犯罪目的不同,所表现出的犯罪行为和社会危害性亦有所不同。因此,研究犯罪人的犯罪目的对掌握犯罪人的犯罪目的与犯罪行为之间的规律,有效预防犯罪尤为重要。     

Narratives of criminal action and forensic psychology

Purpose. In commenting on Youngs and Canter's (2011) study, Ward (2011) raises concerns about offenders’ personal narratives and their link to self‐concepts and identity. His comments relate to explorations of personal life stories rather than the narratives of actual crimes that are the focus of Youngs and Canter's (2011) study. The elaboration of this different focus helps to allay many of Ward's (2011) concerns and reveals further possibilities for developing the narrative approach within forensic psychology. Methods. The focus on offenders’ accounts of a particular crime allows the development of a standard pro forma, the Narrative Role Questionnaire (NRQ), which deals with the roles a person thinks they played when committing a crime. These roles act as a summary of the criminal's offence narrative. Multivariate analysis of the NRQ clarifies the specific narrative themes explored by Youngs and Canter (2011) . Results. The examination of the components of the NRQ indicates that offence narratives encapsulate many psychological processes including thinking styles, self‐concepts, and affective components. This allows the four narrative themes identified by Youngs and Canter to provide the basis for rich hypotheses about the interaction between the dynamics of personal stories and identity. The four narratives of criminal action also offer a foundation for understanding the particular, detailed styles of offending action and the immediate, direct processes that act to instigate and shape these. Conclusion. These developments in our understanding of offence narratives generate fruitful research questions that bridge the concerns of investigative and correctional applications of narrative theory.     

中澳刑事被害人诉讼地位及权利比较

在现代刑事诉讼制度中,对被害人合法权益的保障日渐突出。本文结合我国立法和司法实践的现状,通过比较中国与澳大利亚在被害人诉讼地位和权利保护方面的异同,对如何完善我国的被害人权利保障机制提出了相应的建议。     

行政刑法的社会保障职能

行政刑法是我国预防和打击犯罪的法律体系中重要的组成部分,其与侵权行为共同处于防范的前沿地带,在综合治理、社会治安中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但在司法实践中,人们对其地位、作用有待进一步提高和强化。鉴于此,撰写本文,以期达到社会的认同和人们的关注。     

影响刑事技术"破案力"的因素

影响刑事技术破案力的因素很多,笔者就此对广大基层实战单位进行了专门调研,认为主要受人员配置、民警素质、队伍的稳定程度、科技投入大小等几方面重要因素的影响.     

The social construction of criminal responsibility and insanity

This study examines the effects of judicial instructions (traditional American Law Institute [ALI] not guilty by reason of insanity [NGRI] instructions contrasted with ALI instructions supplemented with the guilty but mentally ill [GBMI] alternative) and case information cues (delusional content and planfulness) on student and community subjects' attributions of responsibility. GBMI instructions substantially reduced the probability of NGRI and guilty verdicts in response to vignettes portraying highly psychotic defendants and altered the pattern of variability in responsibility construal ratings. Variation in delusional content cues (self-defense versus non-self-defense) influenced ratings of criminal appreciation but did not affect the verdict distributions. Less planfully commited crimes resulted in higher proportions of insanity verdicts. However, individual differences in responsibility construals of the defendant and in attitudes toward the insanity defense were stronger predictors of verdicts than the design variables, suggesting that individual differences in social-moral cognition are at least as relevant to the attribution of responsibility as are case cues or legal frames of reference. Contrary to previous studies,Witherspoon death penalty attitudes were not related to verdicts, but people without conscientious scruples toward the death penalty were more likely to render guilty verdicts.     

On the criminal policy of China in regulating economy in transition

While detailing the emergence of such issues as problem-plutocrats, original sin, forced rule-or law-breakings during the transitional period (from a command economy to a market economy), the author of this article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of rigid regulations as well as lax regulations which involve criminal policy in China. On that basis, the writer probes into the laws and overall criminal policy orientation that regulates the economy during our current transitional period (from command economy to the market economy). He argues that certain leniencies may be appropriate to lesser crimes, since in fact developing the economy depends upon the success of entrepreneurial businesses throughout the nation.     

Using social network analysis to target criminal networks

Using social network analysis (SNA), we propose a model for targeting criminal networks. The model we present here is a revised version of our existing model (Schwartz and Rouselle in IALEIA Journal, 18(1):18–14, 2008), which itself builds on Steve Borgatti’s SNA-based key player approach. Whereas Borgatti’s approach focuses solely on actors’ network positions, our model also incorporates the relative strength or potency of actors, as well as the strength of the relationships binding network actors.

Gender, social support, and depression in criminal justice-involved adolescents

Knowing where criminal justice-involved teens look for support and whether those supports reduce depression has important and possibly gender-specific treatment implications for this vulnerable population. This study examines the relationships between social support and depression in a mixed-gender sample of 198 incarcerated adolescents. Greater support from families and overall and greater satisfaction with supports predicted lower depression for boys and girls. Support from siblings and extended family strongly predicted lower depression; support from parents and from friends was either not related or only weakly related to depression. Girls reported higher levels of depression, more support from friends and extended family, and less support from parents than did boys. Family, sibling, and overall support were stronger predictors of depression for girls than for boys. Results suggest that nonparent family members, especially siblings and extended family, provide important emotional resources for teens in the criminal justice system.     

Domestic violence and criminal justice training needs of social services workers

Domestic violence is a multifaceted problem that requires various agencies to work together to serve victims. Among other agencies that are involved in this collaborative effort, criminal justice officials must work with social services workers to ensure that cases are handled effectively. At the root of this collaborative effort, it is natural to question whether various parties have the knowledge needed to effectively respond to specific cases of domestic violence. In this study, attention was given to whether social workers possessed enough knowledge about various aspects of domestic violence, including information required to process domestic violence cases in the criminal justice system. In all, 186 social services worker supervisors in the Commonwealth of Virginia were asked to rate the level of knowledge they believed social services workers had regarding specific domestic violence topics with the level of knowledge workers they believed social workers needed regarding each domestic violence topic. Findings suggested that social services workers might have more problems dealing with the interpersonal nature of domestic violence cases than they do with the legal issues. At the same time, the supervisors suggested the workers knew less about specific legal options than they needed to know. Based on this, the authors suggest changes in training for all human services workers, including criminal justice officials and social workers.