Reviews

Keith Hawkins (ed), The Uses of Discretion , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992, xiii + 431 pp, hb £45.00. Andrew Bainham with Stephen Cretney, Children: The Modern Law Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan and Robert Reiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology Jaime Oraa, Human Rights in States of Emergency in International Law Joan Fitzpatrick, Human Rights in Crisis: The International System for Protecting Human Rights During States of Emergency Stephen M. Schwebel, Justice in International Law J. Eekelaar and M. Maclean (eds), A Reader on Family Law     

Reviews

Richard Bellamy, Vittorio Bufacchi and Dario Castiglione (eds), Democracy and Constitutional Culture in the Union of Europe Ian Ward, Law and Literature: Possibilities and Perspectives Laddie, Prescott and Vitoria, The Modern Law of Copyright and Designs George Metaxas-Maranghidis (ed), Intellectual Property Laws of Europe Ian Harden, State Aid: Community Law and Policy Michael Moran and Tony Prosser (eds), Privatization and Regulatory Change in Europe Lord Cockfield, The European Union: Creating the Single Market Roger Brownsword, Geraint Howells and Thomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Welfarism in Contract Law Stuart Bridge, Residential Leases     

Reviews

Joseph Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain Robert C. Palmer, English Law in the Age of the Black Death, 1348–1381: A Transformation of Governance and Law Brian Bix, Law, Language, and Legal Determinacy Ramsey Clark, The Fire This Time: US War Crimes in the Gulf Anthony I. Ogus, Regulation: Legal Form and Economic Theory Christopher Wadlow, The Law of Passing Off Robin Hollington, Minority Shareholders' Rights     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Alan Brudner, The Unity of the Common Law: Studies in Hegelian Jurisprudence Andrew Grubb and Maxwell J. Mehlman (eds), Justice and Health Care: Comparative Perspectives Genevra Richardson and Hazell Genn (eds), Administrative Law and Government Action: The Courts and Alternative Mechanisms of Review Elizabeth Boros, Minority Shareholders' Remedies Michael J. Zimmerman, The Concept of Moral Obligation     

REVIEWS

Robert Stevens, The Independence of the Judiciary: The View from the Lord Chancellor's Office Cass R. Sunstein, The Partial Constitution Simon Frith (ed), Music and Copyright Alan S. Rosenbaum, Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals Eric Barendt, Broadcasting Law: A Comparative Study Carol A.G. Jones, Expert Witnesses: Science, Medicine and the Practice of Law Rolando Gaete, Human Rights and the Limits of Critical Reason Jane Stapleton, Product Liability     

REVIEWS

Michael Humphrey and Heather Humphrey (eds), Inter-Country Adoption: Practical Experiences J. Stuart Anderson, Lawyers and the Making of English Land Law, 1832–1940 Jane Morgan and Lucia Zedner, Child Victims: Crime, Impact and Criminal Justice Philip Alston (ed), The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal Peter Fitzpatrick, The Mythology of Modern Law Deryck Beyleveld, The Dialectical Necessity of Morality: An Analysis and Defense of Alan Gewirth's Argument to the Principle of Generic Consistency     

Reviews

Duncan Kennedy, Sexy Dressing etc. Essays on the Power and Politics of Cultural Identity David Frank Ross, J. Don Read and Michael P. Toglia (eds), Adult Eyewitness Testimony: Current Trends and Developments Michael J. Trebilcock, The Limits of Freedom of Contract Andrew Grubb (ed), Decision-Making and Problems of Incompetence Abimbola A. Olowofoyeku, Suing Judges: A Study of Judicial Immunity Jennifer Gunning and Veronica English, Human In Vitro Fertilisation: A Case Study in the Regulation of Medical Innovation Joseph Vining, From Newton's Sleep     

Courts and New Democracies: Recent Works

Recent literature on comparative judicial politics reveals a variety of roles that courts adopt in the process of democratization. These include, very rarely, serving as a trigger for democratization and, more commonly, serving as downstream guarantor for departing autocrats or as downstream consolidator of democracy. In light of these roles, this article reviews six relatively recent books: Courts in Latin America, edited by Helmke and Rios‐Figueroa (2011 ); Judges Beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile, by Hilbink (2007 ); Cultures of Legality: Judicialization and Political Activism in Latin America, edited by Couso, Huneeus, and Sieder (2011 ); The Legacies of Law: Long‐Run Consequences of Legal Development in South Africa, 1652–2000, by Meierhenrich (2008 ); Judging Russia: Constitutional Court in Russian Politics 1990–2006, by Trochev (2008 ); and New Courts in Asia, edited by Harding and Nicholson (2010 ).     

REVIEWS

Brian McKnight, Law and Order in Sung China Ross Cranston and Roy Goode (eds), Commercial and Consumer Law: National and International Dimensions Roger W. Shuy, Language Crimes: The Use and Abuse of Language Evidence in the Courtroom Richard Nobles, Pensions, Employment and the Law Andrew Rutherford, Criminal Justice and the Pursuit of Decency Eric Stockdale and Sylvia Casale (eds), Criminal Justice Under Stress Geoffrey M. Stephenson, The Psychology of Criminal Justice     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Tristram Hodgkinson, Expert Evidence: Law and Practice David Carson, Professionals and the Courts: A Handbook for Expert Witnesses S. Lee and M. Fox, Learning Legal Skills J.A. Holland and J.S. Webb, Learning Legal Rules     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: W.R. Cornish and G. de N. Clark, Law and Society in England, 1750–1950 Lawrence M. Friedman, The Republic of Choice: Law, Authority and Culture Alison Young, Femininity in Dissent David Garland, Punishment and Modern Society Roy Goode, Consumer Credit Law     

REVIEW

Christopher Jones and F. Enrique Gonzalez-Diaz, ed Colin Overbury, The EEC Merger Regulation Joanne Conaghan and Wade Mansell, The Wrongs of Tort E. R. Hardy Ivumy (ed), Mozley & Whiteley's Law Dictionary William McCurthy (ed), Legal Intervention in Industrial Relations Brian W. Harvey, Violin Fraud: Deception, Forgery, Theft and the Law John Bell, French Constitutional Law Peter Birks, Restitution – The Future, Sydney Andrew Burrows, The Law of Restitution Gillian Davies and Michele Hung, Music and Video Private Copying: An International Survey of the Problem and the Law     

REVIEWS

Stephen Livingstone and Tim Owen, Prison Law: Text and Materials, Oxford Michael Forde, The Law of Company Insolvency, Dublin Nigel Maw, Lord Lane of Horsell and Sir Michael Craig-Cooper, Maw on Corporate Governance, Aldershot Nasser Arshadi and Thomas Eyssell, The Law and Finance of Corporate Insider Trading Philip I. Blumberg, The Multinational Challenge to Corporation Law: The Search for a New Corporate Personality A.B. Wilkinson and K. McK. Norrie, Parent and Child     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: D. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law. M.D. Evans, Relevant Circumstances and Maritime Delimitation. Brian D. Smith, State Responsibility and the Marine Environment. G. Westerman, The Juridical Bay, Oxford: Oxford University Press. J. Braithwaite and P. Pettit, Not Just Desert: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: John Cartwright, Unequal Bargaining: A Study of Vitiating Factors in the Formation of Contracts Andrei Marmor, Interpretation and Legal Theory Hugh Collins, Justice in Dismissal: The Law of Termination of Employment Robert Post (ed), Law and the Order of Culture     

Reviews

Ronald Dworkin, Life's Dominion: An Argument about Abortion and Euthanasia M. Sornarajah, The International Law of Foreign Investment Ian Loveland, Housing Homeless Persons: Administrative Law and the Administrative Process David A. Schum, The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning R.C. van Caenegem, An Historical Introduction to Western Constitutional Law Randall L. Erickson and Robert D. Morrison, Environmental Reports and Remediation Plans: Forensic and Legal Review     

Who are sea cutthroats? A typological analysis of pirates

In North America and Europe, numerous books, articles, and monographs on pirates have been published in the past three decades. Although these publications do provide readers valuable information about piratical activities around the world, few of these contain a categorization of pirates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology for historical and modern pirates. This taxonomy is composed of three factors: position of state managers, ideology, and continuity of piracy. Each of these factors is divided into two levels: state-supporting vs. non state-supporting for stance of state managers; distinctiveness vs. indistinctiveness for ideology, and professional vs. amateur for continuity of piracy. Based upon these different levels, the author of this paper argues that pirates can be conceptually categorized as SDP, SDA, SIP, SIA, NDP, NDA, NIP, and NIA types. This typology will allow researchers of pirates to distinguish between sea bandits around the world.     

REVIEWS

Mervyn Murch and Douglas Hooper, The Family Justice System Christopher Henley, The Law of Insurance Broking R. W. Hodgin, Insurance Intermediaries: Law and Regulation John A. Eisenberg, The Limits of Reason: Indeterminacy in Law, Education and Morality     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Mark Armstrong, David Lindsay and Ray Watterson, Media Law in Australia Robert Baldwin, Rules and Government A.W. Brian Simpson, Leading Cases in the Common Law Martin van Hees, Rights and Decisions: Formal Models of Law and Liberalism Paul Craig and Gráinne de Búrca, EC Law: Text, Cases and Materials     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Costas Douzinas and Ronnie Warrington, Justice Miscarried: Ethics, Aesthetics and the Law Eileen Spring, Law, Land and Family: Aristocratic Inheritance in England 1300 to 1800 Rebecca J. Cook (ed), Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives Jonathan Harr, A Civil Action