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司法的合法性问题在于:一种法律的适用,如何既具有内部自洽性又具有合理的外在论证,从而同时保证法律的确定性和法律的正确性。当代西方的典型理论包括法律诠释学、法律现实主义和法律实证主义都没能很好地解决这个问题。相对而言,德沃金的整体性司法提出了更为有效的方法,但由于其缺乏对话层面的考虑,而不可避免地陷入独白化的困境。为此,哈贝马斯将商谈理论引入司法以解决司法判决的合法性问题,从而提出了商谈式司法的理念。就我国而言,与能动司法相比,商谈式司法具有更大的理论与实践价值。 相似文献
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法律职业化与司法现代化的共同理论语境是现代性理论 ,共同实践背景是法制现代化运动。法律职业化意味着一个经过法学理论熏陶和法律知识传授之法律职业家共同体的形成 ,这个职业家共同体共享法律价值并娴熟于法律技能。司法现代化作为法制现代化的一个重要组成部分 ,倡导并通过现代司法制度确认司法独立、程序正义、程序效率等基本价值准则。法律职业化与司法现代化之间的理论关联可以从法律与经济关系、司法独立与程序正义、司法制度资源供给与分享、法律作为科学学科和知识体系、司法效率实现等多种维度进行分析和把握。 相似文献
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涉及商业标识的知识产权权利冲突既包括商业标识之间的权利冲突,又包括商业标识与其他知识产权之间的冲突.对于司法是否受理及受理哪些此类权利冲突争议,实践中存在较大争议.本文剖析了当前司法处理此类权利冲突争议的现状及成因,从逻辑标准和政策标准的新角度界定了司法处理此类权利冲突的基本法律界限. 相似文献
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由于案件的涉外性和知识产权的地域性,涉外知识产权侵权案件在法律适用上较为特殊。受到审判经验不足和法律渊源不完善的限制,我国法院往往简单地将我国法律直接适用于涉外知识产权侵权案件。从对国内外相关司法实践和理论学说的讨论中可以得知,我国法院在此类案件中应当以适用请求保护国法为原则,同时在遵守现有法律渊源的基础上,适当发挥司法能动性,对于当事人协议选择法律等问题加以慎重对待。 相似文献
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涉外结婚与离婚的法律适用问题,是国际私法研究中的一项重要内容,也是随着我国对外实行开放政策需在立法与司法实践中予以重视的一个问题。笔者拟就这一问题的基本理论、国际司法实践及我国与之有关的法律规定作粗浅的阐述。 相似文献
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进入新世纪,我国的诉讼法学研究与刑事司法改革实践、立法活动结合得更加紧密。不久前在南京举行的诉讼法学研究会2002年年会上,关于证据制度及证据立法、诉讼制度改革的理论探讨成为重点话题,英国、俄罗斯等国家刑事司法改革趋向也成为关注点。法律真实与客观真实前几年,诉讼法学界曾经就程序公正与实体公正进行过激烈争论,这一问题的探讨对刑事司法观念进步和司法改革实践发挥了重要的指导作用,促进了诉讼法学的研究。近年来,法律真实与客观真实理论的研究成为探讨和争论的重点。专家们认为,法律真实与客观真实涉及到证据基本理论问题,对… 相似文献
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《管子》思想与自然法(natural law)学说比较接近,都主张人定法需遵循一定的原则,以及承认永恒不变的原则存在。自然法学说坚称违背自然法的人定法无效力可言,并将永恒原则与人定法区别开来。管子学说主张制定法在现实中具最高效力,未有永恒原则与制定法的严格区分。双方在永恒原则的内容上存在诸多差异,如自然法主张平等、正义、人人得其所应得等无差别地适用于所有人的原则;管子学说却将人划为君臣父子等不同的身份级别,主张不同级别间的服从及统属。 相似文献
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有关刑事法治的丰富论述是习近平法治思想的重要组成部分,可以将习近平法治思想中的刑事法要义概括为“宽严相济,以发展眼光看问题”的刑事政策论、“完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律”的刑事立法论、“守住防范冤错案件的底线”的刑事司法论、“综合施策、标本兼治”的犯罪治理论。习近平法治思想中的刑事法要义在吸收国际社会刑事法治文明成果的同时,较为集中地体现了对中华法治文明的传承与弘扬。刑事法治建设与刑事法研究必须以习近平刑事法治思想为根本遵循,深刻领悟和把握习近平刑事法治思想的博大精深,避免做西方刑事法治经验与理论的“搬运工”。 相似文献
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19世纪以来,西方的正义观发生了重大变化,即从功利主义的正义观向社会正义理论转变,从谋求最大多数人的最大利益向关爱社会境况最差者转变。本文考察了罗尔斯的社会正义理论,并从法律视角分析了以罗尔斯为代表的社会正义理论所导致的法律变革,揭示了社会保障法的正义基础。 相似文献
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刑法学研究中的十关系论 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
我国的刑法学从体系到内容都需要变革;为了实现这种变革,需要克服刑法学研究方法的缺陷,妥善处理好解释刑法与批判刑法、刑法理论与司法实践、学理解释与有权解释、基本理念与具体结论、形式解释与实质解释、字面含义与真实含义、归纳方法与演绎方法、规范解释与事实认定、传统问题与热点问题、本土理论与外国理论之间的关系。 相似文献
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Through the community notification and sex offender registry laws that have been passed, the USA has created a strict legal environment that requires sex offenders to remain in compliance with the registry requirements placed on them by the state once they are released back into their communities. A variety of unintended consequences, such as unemployment and housing issues, have resulted from these laws and have the potential to impact the reentry efforts of released sex offenders. Using Sherman’s defiance theory as a theoretical lens, the current study examines the experiences of registered female sex offenders living in Florida. One hundred and six registered female sex offenders were surveyed to examine their experiences while on the registry, and whether those events influence feelings of defiance toward the registry and criminal justice systems. Results suggest that these offenders indeed experience unintended consequences due to their registration status, which in turn shows support for the four canonical elements of Sherman’s theory by inferring that these women feel unjustly punished and stigmatized. Research findings, policy implications, and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
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Percy B. Lehning 《Social Justice Research》1990,4(3):187-213
Modern liberal theories share the idea that the state and its laws should remain neutral with respect to the varying conceptions of the good life held by individuals. This article discusses the way in which this notion of neutrality is defined and justified. Rawls's theory of justice is shown to be a prime example of such a theory. Questions are raised, however, if Rawls's theory has adequately formulated the conditions that would make it possible for each citizen to fulfill his own conception of the good. After arguing that Dworkin's solution to this problem is also problematic, it is argued that Sen's solution to the question of what conditions create neutrality shows the way ahead. 相似文献
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Stan Starygin 《国际比较与应用刑事审判杂志》2013,37(1):235-257
This publication seeks to explore whether the position of juvenile offenders vis‐à‐vis the Cambodian criminal law has changed with the passage of the new criminal legislation and whether this change has been positive or otherwise. The quality of this change will demonstrate to the reader whether the overall process of the reform of the juvenile justice component of the Cambodian system of criminal justice, which spans the last fifteen years and has been funded by the international community, has been a success. The author limited the scope of this inquiry to a comparison between the various domestic laws applicable to juvenile offenders and did not include comparisons with international law, model laws or juvenile laws of other states. Being the first publication of its kind, this analysis limits its claim to the analysis of the relevant statutory provisions rather than ‘practice notes’ which have yet to develop. 相似文献
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托马斯·阿奎那认为,允诺就是允诺人为自己设定的法律,守约是一个人在自然法下的道德义务。道德行为的目的决定行为的实质或定义,并进而决定此行为的义务范围。而道德行为的最终目的是当事人试图践行的两种德性:慷慨的德性或交换正义的德性。托马斯·阿奎那实现了对亚里士多德哲学的承继和超越,二者共同为民法法系“原因理论”提供哲理基础,并弥补了近现代及当代合同法理论在对合同效力解释力上的不足。 相似文献
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Dawn H. Currie 《Critical Criminology》1990,1(2):77-96
Within the context of legal reform, the Battered Wife Movement has divided feminists on the question of criminal justice as
a desirable component of a feminist agenda. Thus it provides a good example of the dilemmas of developing a feminist theory
about the state as the basis for informed practice. In this paper, Currie overviews the way in which the BWM has been transformed
from a radical demand for the redistribution of social power into an expansion of current patriarchal institutions. As an
example of the institutionalization of feminist issues, however, she rejects explanations of this transformation as simply
ideological revision by the state. Rather, Currie notes that it occurs through and not against feminist discourse, meaning
that we must acknowledge theory as practice if we are to develop a truly subversive and liberatory discourse within feminist
scholarship. 相似文献