Criteria for forensic medical evaluation of professional working capacity loss

The main and additional criteria used in evaluation (in percent) of loss of professional working capacity are characterized. Criteria common for forensic medical and medical social expert evaluations and differences between them are discussed. These differences are due to the fact that forensic medical expert evaluations are based on the Civil and Civil Processual Codes of the Russian Federation but not on the departamental norm-setting documents.     

Forensic medical evaluation of professional working capacity in victims, who needs additional care

The philosophy of evaluating the need of a victim in extra care is discussed. The method for evaluating the need in transport vehicles for the victim is described in detail. Legislative documents which help solve such problems are cited, including those used by committees of forensic medical evaluations.     

论临床诊断与法医学鉴定结论的区别

医师运用医学知识 ,结合实践经验和病人的症状和体征以及相关的辅助检查资料判断疾病 ,称为临床诊断。临床诊断有门诊诊断、住院诊断、手术诊断等等。而法医学是应用医学、生物学及其他自然科学的理论和技术 ,研究并解决法律实践中有关医学问题的一门科学。法医学鉴定结论则是法医学鉴定人对案件经办者所提供的人和物等检材进行检查、判断 ,将分析意见、审查结果写成结论以解决案件的实质性问题。临床诊断与法医学鉴定结论两者既有联系 ,又存区别。过去曾有将临床诊断直接作为损伤的办案证据 ,从而产生不良影响的教训 ,应引以为鉴。现将两者…     

论临床诊断与法医学鉴定结论的区别

医师运用医学知识,结合实践经验和病人的症状和体征以及相关的辅助检查资料判断疾病, 称为临床诊断.临床诊断有门诊诊断、住院诊断、手术诊断等等.而法医学是应用医学、生物学及其他自然科学的理论和技术,研究并解决法律实践中有关医学问题的一门科学.法医学鉴定结论则是法医学鉴定人对案件经办者所提供的人和物等检材进行检查、判断,将分析意见、审查结果写成结论以解决案件的实质性问题.临床诊断与法医学鉴定结论两者既有联系,又存区别.过去曾有将临床诊断直接作为损伤的办案证据,从而产生不良影响的教训, 应引以为鉴.现将两者的区别叙述如下:     

Urgent problems of forensic medical expert evaluation of disability in civil suits

The author discusses urgent medicolegal problems related to evaluation of the degree of occupational disability, necessity of additional diet for victims, which arise in connection with civil actions of persons who underwent non-occupational trauma.     

New prospects in forensic medical expert evaluation of perforating wounds of the eye

The criterion "percentage of stable loss of total working capacity" is usually used in expert evaluation of perforated wounds of the eyes. However it does not always allow an objective evaluation of the ocular status. Visual acuity can vary greatly during the posttraumatic period for a rather long time, becoming worse or better during up to 1 year. Treatment and observations of 160 victims (165 eyes) helped determine the major clinical symptoms of perforated wounds and distinguish 8 symptoms characteristic of severe injuries. Use of these symptoms as criteria for evaluating the severity of injury inflicted to health helps make an objective conclusion without waiting for recovery.     

Learning in practice for becoming a professional forensic expert

The study explores the professional development of future forensic experts. Specifically, it investigates how the forensic expert trainees learn through the internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science with a focus on the supervision at work. The findings are drawn from an ethnographical study where five trainees and their supervisors have been observed and interviewed. By drawing on a socio cultural perspective on learning, the results show that supervision is crucial for professional development. Two types of activities and relations define how supervision is implemented. There is a "transitional movement" in how supervision is staged depending on the trainees' gradual changes in participation in the work practice and increased experience. Forensic experts need skills and know-how to make wise and impartial judgments, i.e. a kind of tacit professional practical knowledge, as well as the skill to communicate with other professionals. However, the development of a professional language is somewhat unspoken or planned. Becoming a forensic expert is a learning process in practice where supervision plays a decisive role in maintaining the professional knowledge in the judicial system. Therefore, supervision for supervising might be a valuable support for supervisors.     

Antigenic differentiation of blood stains by the Lewis system in practical forensic medical expert evaluation

A modification of quantitative absorption and absorption elution tests with blood stain washing before the absorption phase is presented. Due to washing, the effect of carrier object on anti-Le(a) and anti-Le(b) sera is decreased and the sensitivity of the method is increased. Additional adsorption of the sera and elution into test erythrocytes treated with protease C is suggested for increasing the number of standard sera fit for the absorption-elution test. A new technology for preparing anti-Le(a) and anti-Le(b) immunoreagents is described.     

Basic approaches to medical,forensic, and biomechanical studies in expert evaluation of a car injury

Modern approaches to forensic medical expert evaluation of car injuries are discussed. Many problems remain unsolved after examination of injuries in victims inside the car, which negatively tells on the versions suggested during criminal investigation of car accidents. The experts often neglect the most sensitive methods for evaluation of these injuries and many fundamental approaches to the problem: differential diagnosis of primary and secondary injuries; basic medical and biomechanical methods and studies of the clues; fundamentals of total systems evaluation of the results of forensic medical expert evaluation.     

Algorhythm of making forensic medical expert examinations by medical documents in obstetric-gynecological practice

Most of the suits brought against medical professionals concern obstetricians-gynecologists. The experienced clinicians take part in commissions of experts to certify validity of diagnosis, treatment, operations, manipulations. Current state of obstetric-gynecological expertise is characterized. Algorithm of making obstetric-gynecological examinations is proposed. Criteria on forensic-medical assessment of medical care conducted in comparison with current standards of this care are formulated.