Normal responses to sexually anatomically detailed dolls

The behaviors and verbalizations of normal, preschool age boys and girls during interactions with sexually anatomically detailed (SAD) dolls were examined. A structured, nonsuggestive interview with each child was videotaped, and five behaviors and five verbalizations were coded for each of five phases of the interview. A two-way ANOVA (gender × phase) showed that during those phases when the dolls were undressed, both boys and girls showed more sexual exploratory play, aggressive behavior which was nonsexual, and active avoidance. Across all phases, nonsexual aggression accounted for 31% of the boys' and 22% of the girls' total responses. Behavioral and verbal sexual exploratory play represented 42% of the boys' responses and 50% of the girls' responses. In contrast, sexually aggressive behavior accounted for only 1% and 2% of the boys' and girls' responses, respectively. Girls interacted with the dolls more than did boys. Additionally, girls demonstrated more affection to the dolls than did the boys, and boys displayed more anxiety with the dolls than did girls. Investigators should be cautious as to inferences about preschoolers' interactions with SAD dolls, especially interactions of a sexual or aggressive nature which do not clearly depict fondling or intercourse.     

Anatomically detailed dolls and the evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations

Although anatomically detailed dolls are becoming the most commonly used tool in the validation of sexual abuse allegations, their use is not without significant problems. This evaluation of the psychometric properties of the dolls using the existing empirical literature reveals that there is considerable difficulty in the standardization of the dolls, administration and scoring procedures, and training in the doll's use. Furthermore, appropriate norms have not been developed. Although good interobserver reliability has been reported, the construct and criterion-related validity has not been demonstrated consistently. The current lack of an empirically based psychometric foundation does not support the use of the dolls in validation interviews, nor the admissibility of doll-based evidence in legal proceedings.     

Amino acid alanine reactivity with the fingerprint reagent ninhydrin. A detailed ab initio computational study

Ninhydrin is one of the most widely used reagents for chemical development of fingerprints on porous surfaces. The detection is based on the reaction of ninhydrin with a monoacidic component of the fingerprint to form an intensively colored compound named Ruhemann's Purple. A computational study of the mechanisms and reaction energetics of the formation of Ruhemann's Purple from ninhydrin and alanine is presented. Such a study is significant from a forensic science point of view because of the strong interest in the forensic chemistry and law enforcement communities in developing alternatives to the current generation of ninhydrin like chemicals for the detection and development of latent fingerprints. Information about the mechanism of reaction between ninhydrin and amino acids can ultimately help to design compounds with stronger chromo-fluorogenic properties in aid of detecting fingerprints at crime scenes. The three most accepted mechanisms of formation have been considered using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. At relatively high temperature ( approximately 100 degrees C) all three mechanisms are energetically feasible. However since it is recommended that forensic analyses be performed at room temperature, a revised mechanism is proposed for the formation of Ruhemann's Purple under this condition.     

Accidents related with atypical sexual behavior

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of autoerotism, in particular, to sexual asphyxia. Published research data and independent observations were used to describe lethal and non-lethal incidents of forensic-and-medical importance.     

合并自杀的杀人行为研究（附40例分析）

探索合并自杀的杀人行为的犯罪学特征、发生机理,为责任能力的评定提供依据,并提出进一步研究方向. 方法 采用回顾性研究方法 ,3名研究人员从1997年1月～2001年10月的鉴定案例中挑出符合研究条件的案例,进行统计学分析,并结合国内外相关文献进行讨论. 结果符合条件者共40例 ,男性被鉴定人较多(28名),平均年龄33.55岁,主要年龄段30～40岁,妄想和情绪低落等症状具有明显的作用,精神分裂症和无精神病在疾病诊断中占有显著地位. 结论 合并自杀的杀人行为具有一定的特征,应引起司法精神病学的关注,并展开更深入的研究.     

合并自杀的杀人行为研究(附40例分析)

目的　探索合并自杀的杀人行为的犯罪学特征、发生机理 ,为责任能力的评定提供依据 ,并提出进一步研究方向。　方法　采用回顾性研究方法 ,3名研究人员从 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月的鉴定案例中挑出符合研究条件的案例 ,进行统计学分析 ,并结合国内外相关文献进行讨论。　结果　符合条件者共 40例 ,男性被鉴定人较多 (2 8名 ) ,平均年龄 33.5 5岁 ,主要年龄段 30～ 40岁 ,妄想和情绪低落等症状具有明显的作用 ,精神分裂症和无精神病在疾病诊断中占有显著地位。　结论　合并自杀的杀人行为具有一定的特征 ,应引起司法精神病学的关注 ,并展开更深入的研究。     

精神病人的凶杀行为研究(附116例分析)

目的 探讨凶杀行为的特征及相关因素。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，对116例凶杀案例资料进行统计分析。结果 凶杀行为与患者的性别、年龄、社会经济状况、疾病诊断、精神症状等因素关系密切，案发前多有先兆。结论 加强精神卫生知识的宣传教育和精神卫生立法是预防精神病人肇事、肇祸的有效途径。     

精神病人的凶杀行为研究(附116例分析)

目的　探讨凶杀行为的特征及相关因素。　方法　采用回顾性研究方法 ,对 116例凶杀案例资料进行统计分析。　结果　凶杀行为与患者的性别、年龄、社会经济状况、疾病诊断、精神症状等因素关系密切 ,案发前多有先兆。　结论　加强精神卫生知识的宣传教育和精神卫生立法是预防精神病人肇事、肇祸的有效途径。     

An unusual case of random fire-setting behavior associated with lacunar stroke

A case of a 47-year-old man with a sudden onset of a bizarre and random fire-setting behavior is reported. The man, who had been arrested on felony arson charges, complained of difficulties concentrating and of recent memory impairment. Axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a low intensity lacunar lesion in the genu and anterior limb of the left internal capsule. A neuropsychological test battery revealed lower than normal scores for executive functions, attention and memory, consistent with frontal lobe dysfunction. The recent onset of fire-setting behavior and the chronic nature of the lacunar lesion, together with an unremarkable performance on tests measuring executive functions two years prior, suggested a causal relationship between this organic brain lesion and the fire-setting behavior. The present case describes a rare and as yet unreported association between random impulse-driven fire-setting behavior and damage to the left internal capsule and suggests a disconnection of frontal lobe structures as a possible pathogenic mechanism.     

A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy with subsequent stalking behavior

A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (factitious disorder by proxy) wherein the patient presented with symptoms of severe borderline personality disorder and questionable psychotic symptoms is discussed. This patient was also adjudicated for harassing and stalking a child protective services worker assigned to her case. Issues pertaining to possible feigning of psychotic symptoms were addressed in her inpatient treatment. Despite doubts concerning the veracity of some of her psychotic symptoms, the patient responded well to clozapine, and she was subsequently able to stay out of the psychiatric hospital for longer periods and make a reasonably good adjustment to living in a group home. After refusing to continue with clozapine therapy because of weight gain concerns, her adjustment declined.     

Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data

Penologists recognize that both inmate- and prison-level characteristics are relevant to an understanding of individual inmates' behaviors; yet extant studies have focused only on unilevel models with either individual- or aggregate-level predictors and outcomes. To explore the potential of multilevel modeling for related research, we examine empirical relationships predicting the likelihood of inmate misconduct with individual-level (inmate) variables and aggregate levels of prison population crowding. The framework for the model borrows from both individual- and aggregate-level theories of informal social control. We examine three secondary data sets, using information common to each set. We compare results from hierarchical logistic models with those from stepwise pooled logistic regression models to see whether results differ significantly by method of estimation. The pooled models reveal inconsistency in the significance of inmate predictors (social demographics and criminal histories) across the three samples, and non-significant relationships involving prison crowding and an interaction between crowding and an inmate's age for all samples. By contrast, the hierarchical models reveal much more consistency in prediction (or a lack thereof) at either level across all three models, as well as significant aggregate-level main and interaction effects. The theoretical and methodological implications of these results are discussed.     

Adult-onset antisocial behavior trajectories: associations with adolescent family processes and emerging adulthood functioning

Guided by conceptual and empirical work on emerging adulthood, this study investigated the role of closeness to mother and father and behavioral autonomy during adolescence on the development of adult-onset antisocial behavior. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we identified four aggressive (abstainer, adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) and three nonaggressive (adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) trajectories. Members of the aggressive adult-onset trajectory reported higher levels of paternal closeness during adolescence compared to the members of the aggressive chronic trajectory. Maternal closeness and behavioral autonomy did not differentially predict trajectory membership. In addition, members of the adult-onset trajectories were less likely to be employed or in a romantic relationship and reported decreased physical health during emerging adulthood compared to members of all other trajectories.     

修订版外显攻击行为量表用于精神疾病患者危险行为评估

目的 探讨修订版外显攻击行为量表(Modified Overt Aggression Scales,MOAS)对精神疾病患者危险行为评估的价值.方法 采用MOAS对隶属公安、卫生、民政系统的3家精神卫生机构(安康监管病区、华西心理卫生中心、德康救治病区)共490名精神疾病患者根据痛史资料进行评估. 结果 无危险行为31...     

A combined therapy model (individual and family) for children with sexual behavior problems

This article describes one model from a variety of therapy methods used in the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Aggression Among Children. The model combines family and individual therapy for children with sexual behavior problems. The frequency is of two successive individual sessions followed by one family session. The family sessions include the child and both parents, and in some cases siblings are also invited. The article specifies the importance of family therapy for this population and describes the context for appropriate interventions. It gives the characteristics of families whose children are having sexual behavior problems and who are suitable for therapy according to this model. The article deals, among other issues, with the importance of marking boundaries, talking about the fear, restructuring the family and changing behavioral patterns, and recreating communication channels.     

高校管理行为及其可诉性探讨

高校管理行为是高等院校在享有教育管理权利,履行教育管理义务时所实施的行为。近年来,有些高校在实施高校管理行为中侵犯其它法律主体合法权益的事情常有发生,加上我国现有的法律法规对该行为的法律性质规定不明确,由此,产生纠纷后,法律主体能否提起诉讼,如何提起诉讼等问题,没有法律依据。本文主要就有关高校管理行为的法律性质及可诉性问题进行探讨,并以求教于法学界同仁。     

Violent behavior and the factors associated with the decision to report it: a retrospective study

An ample volume of research evidence supports the conclusion that severe mental illness is correlated with violent behavior. While episodes of violent behavior are included in medical notes, not all episodes of violent behavior are officially reported to the police, even when they are actual crimes. We conducted a retrospective study on the already existing clinical files of four public psychiatric outpatient facilities, based in Southern Italy, in order to assess how many cases of violent behavior are actually reported and which variables are more frequently connected with the decision to report. The data shows that the episodes known to the health services, in number and seriousness, vastly outnumber the complaints actually made towards their patients.     

The correspondence of family features with problem,aggressive, criminal,and violent behavior: a meta-analysis

Family features and characteristics are often identified as central to the development of antisocial behavior and are thus attractive targets for risk-focused preventive intervention. Using meta-analytic techniques, we examined the covariation between 21 family constructs with the current or later display of problem, aggressive, criminal, or violent behaviors. The 80 mean relationships, based on 3,124 correlations from 233 reports of 119 longitudinal studies, discussed in this paper are generally moderate, with a grand mean across outcomes of [`(r<sub>x,y</sub>)] = .15 \overline {{r_{x,y}}} = .15 . Family constructs were most predictive of problem behaviors, [`(r_x,y)] = .21 \overline {{r_{x,y}}} = .21 . Predictors measured earlier in life were significantly stronger in 12 relationships and significantly weaker in 18 relationships. These findings are discussed with reference to Rutter’s (American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 57:316–331, 1987) conceptualization of protective mechanisms which suggests that if family factors warrant the attention they have engendered, then it is through their interaction with other developmental and situational factors.     

Abnormal heart rate response during newborn sucking behavior study: Subsequent sudden infant death syndrome with cardiac conduction abnormality

This report concerns a four-month-old white female infant who exhibited abnormal feeding behavior and EKG irregularities during a newborn sucking behavior study. The immediate post-birth history showed an irregular heart rate on two occasions, but a cardiac consultation elicited no unusual findings. During sucrose sucking conditions, the heart rate increased with a beat-to-beat variation of 50 beats per minute, noted to be due to premature atrial beats. At 39 days, an EKG showed a marked sinus tachycardia of 156, a PR interval of 0.08, QRS of 0.05 and a QT of 0.26. The infant was diagnosed as a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) following an unexpected death at home. Subsequent cardiac pathology revealed an anomalous tract between the right atrium and the atrioventricular (AV) bundle which formed an extensive bypass of the AV node (atrio-His tract), and two accessory AV connections between the left atrium and posterior left ventricle. These findings are consistent with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type A. Only further studies can determine whether such abnormal feeding behavior with EKG irregularities can be used to identify infants who are at high risk for sudden death.