THE ROLE OF IJTIHA IN PROGRESSING ISLAMIC LAW IN MODERN TIMES

While new and complicated legal issues continuously come to the fore, Islamic sacred texts that deal with legal issues are finite, ljtih~d is an interpretive tool that applies legal reasoning based on sacred texts to derive new legal rules that meet emerging legal problems. This paper will elucidate the nature of ljtih~d and comment on the status of Ijtih6d today. The paper will also explain why it is necessary to replace macro-Ijtih~d with micro-Ijtih6d, and will highlight the importance of the continuance of Ijtih6d by Islamic jurists despite Islamic law＇s reduced application.     

恐怖主义时代的紧急状态宪法 布鲁斯·艾克曼理论的价值及其面临的挑战

<正>"恐怖分子最主要的危险不是民主国家无法打败恐怖分子,而是民主国家将做得过好,从而变得不再是民主。这一过度反应将导致社会变得残暴,这种残暴不仅仅会使"潜伏"的恐怖分子转变为"显现"的制度性恐怖,并会使使用暴力成为解决争议的合法形式"。     

UNDERSTANDING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

This article discusses the meaning of children's rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Both place primary responsibility for the upbringing and education of children on their parents and families. The freedom of parents to bring up their children in their own way is an important component of a liberal democracy founded on respect for individual differences. So if parents believe in moderate corporal punishment as a means of educating their children in their own religious beliefs, is the state justified in banning such punishment either in school or in the home in order to protect the children's rights? This article discusses the children's rights which are protected by doing so.